資料No. ： NS140806 

I-1 TOEIC, TOEFL練習問題
(1) TOEIC
'1. The signs posted in all of the cars discourage passengers from using ------- cell phones while riding the train.
(A) its　 (B) our　 (C) their　 (D) your

'2. The new employee, with his experience living abroad, provided valuable ------- to dealing with the international clients.
(A) concentration (B) explanation (C) insight (D) offers

'3. Each of the partners ------- a stake in the company, so it is essential that they stay on top of the ongoing investigation.
(A) had (B) has (C) have (D) is having

(2) TOEFL
'1. It is universally accepted that the airspace over a country is part of its territory, ----- orbital flight space above the atmosphere.
(A) of the same, is not true　(B) but the same is not true of　
(C) but the same is true, not of　(D) not but the same is true of

'2. ----- concrete combines the compressive strength of concrete with the tensile strength of steel to form an extremely resilient structural material.
(A) To reinforce　(B) Reinforce　(C) Reinforces　(D) Reinforced

'3. In the U.S., the anticommunist sentiment of the Cold War ----- peak during the McCarthy era of the 1950s.
(A) reaching it　(B) had it reached　(C) reached its　(D) to reach it

'4. The writings of the 17th century scholar and preacher Robert Fuller blend ----- observations with amusing puns and other conceits.
(A) weightily, moralistic and profound　(B) weighty, morally and profoundly
(C) weight, moral and profound　(D) weighty, moralistic and profound

'5. The tradition of "manifest destiny" was the embodiment ----- the American expansionists' desire in the 1840s to extend U.S. territory westward to the Pacific.
(A) on　(B) for　(C) to　(D) of

'6. A paravane (A)can described as an underwater kite (B)that can be towed (C)by (D)a boat and maintained at a preset depth.

'7. (A)In the early days of photography, photographers (B)had not only to make their own equipment, (C)and perform all their chemical processing (D)themselves.

'8. The (A)oldest (B)knowing record of the practice of snow skiing is (C)a Norwegian rock carving (D)dating from 2000 B.C.

'9. (A)Crudely versions of underwater breathing apparatus for divers (B)were first developed in the (C)1870s, but practical scuba gear did not appear (D)until the 1940s.

'10. Saudi Arabia is a kingdom (A)that occupying most of (B)the Arabian Peninsula, and bordered (C)on the north and south by Arab neighbors (D)including Iraq and Kuwait.

I-2 TOEIC, TOEFL 練習問題解答
(1) TOEIC
'1. The signs posted in all of the cars discourage passengers from using ------- cell phones while riding the train.
(A) its　 (B) our　 (C) their　 (D) your
訳 全車両に掲示されているお知らせは、列車乗車時は携帯電話を使用しないよう乗客に促している。
※正解(C)。解説 passengersという複数形を受けるのに適切な代名詞はtheirです。discourage someone from -ingで「…〈人〉が〜するのをやめさせる［思いとどまらせる］」の意味を表します。

'2. The new employee, with his experience living abroad, provided valuable ------- to dealing with the international clients.
(A) concentration (B) explanation (C) insight (D) offers
訳 その新入社員は海外在住経験を生かして、海外の顧客とのやりとりに関する貴重な見識をもたらした。
※正解(C)。解説 熟語の問題。［provide＋形容詞＋insight to ...］で「…に関する〜な見識をもたらす」の意味を表します。この表現で使われる形容詞は通常、valuable（貴重な）やuseful（役に立つ）などの肯定的な意味を持つものです。またdeal with ...は「…に対応する；…を扱う」の意味です。

'3. Each of the partners ------- a stake in the company, so it is essential that they stay on top of the ongoing investigation.
(A) had (B) has (C) have (D) is having
訳 共同経営者の一人ひとりが会社に出資しているため、各人が進行中の調査を完全に把握しておくのは当然のことだ。
※正解(B)。解説 Each of the partnersに続く動詞は、partnersではなくeachに一致させる必要があるので、hasが正答になります。

(2) TOEFL
'1. It is universally accepted that the airspace over a country is part of its territory, ----- orbital flight space above the atmosphere.
(A) of the same, is not true　(B) but the same is not true of　
(C) but the same is true, not of　(D) not but the same is true of
※正解(B)。【解説】　(A)の語順がおかしいのはすぐに分かるだろう。(C)、(D)共にnotの位置に問題がある。正解は(B)である。be true of ... 「... にあてはまる」。

'2. ----- concrete combines the compressive strength of concrete with the tensile strength of steel to form an extremely resilient structural material.
(A) To reinforce　(B) Reinforce　(C) Reinforces　(D) Reinforced
※正解(D)。【解説】　この文の動詞はcombinesである。したがって、動詞Reinforce、Reinforcesは使えない。Reinforced concreteで「鉄筋コンクリート」の意味になる。正解は(D)である。

'3. In the U.S., the anticommunist sentiment of the Cold War ----- peak during the McCarthy era of the 1950s.
(A) reaching it　(B) had it reached　(C) reached its　(D) to reach it
※正解(C)。【解説】　空所に入る語句と名詞peakで「ピークに達した」の意味になる。この意味を表すのは(C) reached itsである。

'4. The writings of the 17th century scholar and preacher Robert Fuller blend ----- observations with amusing puns and other conceits.
(A) weightily, moralistic and profound　(B) weighty, morally and profoundly
(C) weight, moral and profound　(D) weighty, moralistic and profound
※正解(D)。【解説】　空所にはその後に来る名詞observationsを修飾する語句が入ることになる。(A) (B) (C)の選択肢には、形容詞、副詞、名詞が混在している。正解は形容詞が３つ並んでいる(D)である。

'5. The tradition of "manifest destiny" was the embodiment ----- the American expansionists' desire in the 1840s to extend U.S. territory westward to the Pacific.
(A) on　(B) for　(C) to　(D) of
※正解(D)。【解説】　難しく考えることはない。the embodiment of ... で「... の具体化、実現」の意味になる。

'6. A paravane (A)can described as an underwater kite (B)that can be towed (C)by (D)a boat and maintained at a preset depth.
※正解(A)。【解説】　can → can be。canの後にdescribedが来ているのはどうみてもおかしい。ここはcan be described as ... と受け身にしなけらばならない。関係代名詞that、前置詞by、冠詞aの用法に誤りはない。

'7. (A)In the early days of photography, photographers (B)had not only to make their own equipment, (C)and perform all their chemical processing (D)themselves.
※正解(C)。【解説】　and → but。時を表す前置詞in、過去形hadに問題はない。not onlyがあるのでその後にはbut (also)が来るはずだが、andとなっている。andをbut （alsoは省略可）にしなくては意味が通らない。themselvesとはphotographersのことである。

'8. The (A)oldest (B)knowing record of the practice of snow skiing is (C)a Norwegian rock carving (D)dating from 2000 B.C.
※正解(B)。【解説】　knowing → known。最上級のoldestに問題はない。「知られている」の意味にするなら、knowingはing形ではなく過去分詞knownにしなくてはいけない。冠詞a、分詞dating （that datesと同じ働き）の用法に誤りはない。

'9. (A)Crudely versions of underwater breathing apparatus for divers (B)were first developed in the (C)1870s, but practical scuba gear did not appear (D)until the 1940s.
※正解(A)。【解説】　Crudely → Crude。名詞versionsの前では、副詞Crudelyではなく、形容詞Crudeを使う。wereはversionsに呼応している。in the 1870sで「1870年代に」の意味になる。前置詞untilの用法に問題はない。

'10. Saudi Arabia is a kingdom (A)that occupying most of (B)the Arabian Peninsula, and bordered (C)on the north and south by Arab neighbors (D)including Iraq and Kuwait.
※正解(A)。【解説】　that → thatをカットする。。thatは関係代名詞だが、その直後に分詞occupyingが来ているので、ここでthatを使う必要はない。the Arabian Peninsulaとは「アラビア半島」のことである。border onで「接する」の意味。including「... を含む」は前置詞である。

II. 時事英文
Sunday, August 3, 2014
New cyber-attack sends data through home routers
A new type of cyber-attack that sends a huge amount of data to Internet service providers' servers via home routers has caused Internet outages in at least 4.8 million households since spring, The Yomiuri Shimbun learned.

Monday, August 4, 2014
Abe upbeat on markets after Latin America trip
Prime Minister Shinzo Abe was on his way back to Japan after promoting Japanese technology and products in five Central and South American countries together with about 70 Japanese business leaders.

III - a. Vocabulary
「撃墜非難決議」関連
国際調査にはまだ障害がある
Despite UNSC resolution, investigation of MH17 downing still faces obstacles
悲惨な tragic
究明する determine
全会一致で採択する adopt unanimously
無制限の立ち入り unrestricted access
飛行データ flight data
反露感情 anti-Russia sentiment
円滑に進む progress smoothly
言行不一致 say one thing but do another
〜に理がある have reason on one's side
戦闘行動 hostilities

「早大博士論文」関連
杜撰(ずさん)な審査がまかり通るのか
Unsound methods for thesis screening should shock the public
お粗末な grossly flaeed
杜撰(な) defective
盗用 plagiarism
取り消し revocation
解せない unreasonable
うっかり(した) careless
(〜の)丸写し a direct copy of ...
責任は重い (be) brought to task
形骸化(する) (be) reduced to a mere formality
(〜の)実態(を)解明(する) uncover the whole truth of ...

III -b. ABCニュースから
Keyword 解説
ABCニュースは、ガザ地区をめぐり、イスラエルとイスラム原理主義組織ハマスが72時間の停戦に合意したと伝えています。
72-hour humanitarian ceasefire「72時間の人道的停戦」。
キーワードは、ceasefire「停戦」。
ceaseは「やめる、停止する、終える」。
humanitarian ceasefireで「人道的停戦」、durable ceasefireで「持続的、長期的な停戦」。
unconditionalは「無条件の」。
今回のキーワードは、ceasefire「停戦」です。

[例文]
Late word of a new ceasefire.
This one 72 hours, unconditional and word that Israelis and Palestinians are ready to meet with Egypt, which has offered to broker a lasting peace.
停戦について速報だ
72時間 無条件イスラエルとパレスチナがエジプトの仲介で交渉する
72-hour humanitarian ceasefire, unconditional, Israeli troops to remain on the ground for the duration while Israeli and Palestinian negotiators head to Egypt to discuss a durable ceasefire.
72時間の無条件の人道的停戦で-イスラエル軍は撤退しない両者の代表がエジプトで持続的な停戦の交渉をする
This comes one day after yet more devastating attacks in Gaza including the shelling of a UN school, and international outrage over that incident dragging both parties to the table.
国連の学校への砲撃などガザでは前日にも激しい攻撃があり-国際的な憤りが両者を交渉の席に着かせた
Overall on the Palestinian side more than 1,400 lives lost, on the Israeli side nearly 60 lives.
これまでの死者はパレスチナに1,400人イスラエルに60人
A peace, a durable peace can't come quickly enough.
持続的な平和が早く訪れてほしい

IV. Jokes
(A man was chasing a thief and the thief was really fast.)
Thief: Ha ha ha! You'll never catch me! I can run really fast!
Man: You think so? I can run fast, too!
(The man speeded up and he was getting closer to the thief.)
Thief: Oh, you're pretty good. But not good enough!
Man: Oh no? In fact I can run faster than you. Look!
(The man ran faster, passed the thief and kept running.)
Man: Ha ha! I beat you! I'm faster than you!
(The man looked back and the thief was gone.)


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