資料No. ： NS140730 

I-1 TOEIC, TOEFL練習問題
(1) TOEIC
'1. Officials refused to say exactly who was ------- for the tragic accident before the investigation was complete.
(A) responded　 (B) responsibility　 (C) responsible　 (D) responsive

'2. In a case of ------- identity, security staff at the airport detained the company president for four hours.
(A) confused　 (B) mistaken　 (C) opposite　 (D) unknown

'3. When the debate became heated, Mr. Ferrell suggested that the group ------- a short break to cool down.
(A) has taken　 (B) take　 (C) took　 (D) will take

(2) TOEFL
'1. It is necessary that all members of a trial jury ----- contact with news accounts of an ongoing trial in order to remain objective.
(A) avoid　(B) to avoid　(C) avoiding　(D) avoided

'2. Modern Greece and Norway are examples of nations that have large merchant marines, ----- naval forces.
(A) not but major　(B) but not major　(C) not major, but　(D) but major, not

'3. As ----- the Arctic region could not be readily exploited for profit, the motivations of early explorers became less economic more patriotic.
(A) that they realized　(B) they realized that　(C) realizing that they　(D) to realize that they

'4. ----- vertebrates, the skin is a complex organ whose function is vital to the maintenance of life.
(A) With　(B) In　(C) Of　(D) At

'5. In spite of ----- that the species is a crucial taxonomic unit in botany, zoology and mineralogy, its precise definition remains difficult to pin down.
(A) the fact　(B) the facts　(C) fact　(D) a fact

'6. (A)Not Karl Marx nor Friederich Engels proposed legal (B)frameworks for states (C)designed to achieve the aims of (D)their Communist Manifesto.

'7. The cross-section of a breaking wave shows (A)that its instability comes from the fact (B)that it is taller (C)as its base is broad, (D)whereas a non-breaking swell more closely resembles a sine wave.

'8. The study of ballistics (A)are complicated (B)by the interaction of high-speed (C)aerodynamics, atmospheric conditions and (D)the physical characteristics of the projectile.

'9. The territory of South West Africa was established (A)as a German protectorate (B)in 1890, and was (C)successful invaded (D)by the Union of South Africa 25 years later.

'10. (A)The Montezuma Castle National Monument in the U.S. state of Arizona is a (B)5-stories, 20-rooms complex of ancient (C)dwellings carved into the face of (D)a cliff.

I-2 TOEIC, TOEFL 練習問題解答
(1) TOEIC
'1. Officials refused to say exactly who was ------- for the tragic accident before the investigation was complete.
(A) responded　 (B) responsibility　 (C) responsible　 (D) responsive
訳 当局は、その悲惨な事故はだれに責任があるのか、調査が完了するまでは明言するのを拒んだ。
※正解(C)。解説 be responsible for ...で「…に関与する；…の責任を負う」の意味になります。responsiveは「反応の良い」の意味です。

'2. In a case of ------- identity, security staff at the airport detained the company president for four hours.
(A) confused　 (B) mistaken　 (C) opposite　 (D) unknown
訳 人違いで、空港の警備スタッフはその会社社長を４時間拘束した。
※正解(B)。解説 選択肢はすべて形容詞として使える語で、confusedは「困惑した」、mistakenは「間違えた」、oppositeは「反対の」、unknownは「未知の」の意味です。

'3. When the debate became heated, Mr. Ferrell suggested that the group ------- a short break to cool down.
(A) has taken　 (B) take　 (C) took　 (D) will take
訳 議論が白熱してきたときに、フェレル氏が皆に提案したのは、短い休憩を取って頭を冷やそうということだった。
※正解(B)。解説 suggestが導く節では、動詞は原形が使われます。suggestのほかに、recommend / request / requireなども同様です。

(2) TOEFL
'1. It is necessary that all members of a trial jury ----- contact with news accounts of an ongoing trial in order to remain objective.
(A) avoid　(B) to avoid　(C) avoiding　(D) avoided
※正解(A)。【解説】　空所の後のcontactは「接触」の意味を表す名詞である。したがって、空所にはこの文の動詞が入ることになる。正解はavoid（現在形）である。

'2. Modern Greece and Norway are examples of nations that have large merchant marines, ----- naval forces.
(A) not but major　(B) but not major　(C) not major, but　(D) but major, not
※正解(B)。【解説】　not butとbut major, notの語順がおかしいのはすぐに分かるだろう。not major, butを空所に入れても意味が通らない。but not major naval forcesにすれば「大きな商船は保有しているが、大規模な海軍は保有していない」の意味になる。

'3. As ----- the Arctic region could not be readily exploited for profit, the motivations of early explorers became less economic more patriotic.
(A) that they realized　(B) they realized that　(C) realizing that they　(D) to realize that they
※正解(B)。【解説】　接続詞Asの後には、主語と動詞が続くと考えるのが自然である。この形になっているのはthey realized thatであるが、これを空所に入れると「彼等は ... だと分かったので」の意味になる。

'4. ----- vertebrates, the skin is a complex organ whose function is vital to the maintenance of life.
(A) With　(B) In　(C) Of　(D) At
※正解(B)。【解説】　前置詞Inを空所に入れると、「脊椎動物では」の意味になる。

'5. In spite of ----- that the species is a crucial taxonomic unit in botany, zoology and mineralogy, its precise definition remains difficult to pin down.
(A) the fact　(B) the facts　(C) fact　(D) a fact
※正解(A)。【解説】　空所に入るfactはthat以下の内容により限定されている。したがって、冠詞theが必要になる。また、一つの事実だけが挙げられているので、ここではthe factを使う。

'6. (A)Not Karl Marx nor Friederich Engels proposed legal (B)frameworks for states (C)designed to achieve the aims of (D)their Communist Manifesto.
※正解(A)。【解説】　Not → Neither。 Karl Marxの後にnorがあることから、文頭のNotはNeitherにしなくてはならない。複数形frameworksとtheirの用法に問題はない。designedの前にはthat wereが略されている。

'7. The cross-section of a breaking wave shows (A)that its instability comes from the fact (B)that it is taller (C)as its base is broad, (D)whereas a non-breaking swell more closely resembles a sine wave.
※正解(C)。【解説】　as → than。 接続詞thatとwhereasの用法に誤りはない。比較級tallerの後に来るのはasではなくthanである。

'8. The study of ballistics (A)are complicated (B)by the interaction of high-speed (C)aerodynamics, atmospheric conditions and (D)the physical characteristics of the projectile.
※正解(A)。【解説】　are → is。 主語とbe動詞の呼応の問題である。be動詞areはこの文の主語であるThe studyを受けている。したがって、areはisにしなけらばならない。

'9. The territory of South West Africa was established (A)as a German protectorate (B)in 1890, and was (C)successful invaded (D)by the Union of South Africa 25 years later.
※正解(C)。【解説】　successful → successfully。 asは「として」の意味。前置詞inとby（受け身）の用法に問題はない。過去分詞invadedを修飾するには形容詞successfulではなく、副詞successfullyを用いる。

'10. (A)The Montezuma Castle National Monument in the U.S. state of Arizona is a (B)5-stories, 20-rooms complex of ancient (C)dwellings carved into the face of (D)a cliff.
※正解(B)。【解説】　5-stories, 20-rooms → 5-story, 20-room。 頻繁に出題される問題である。5-stories, 20-roomsは形容詞として用いられているので、このような場合には、複数形のsは必要ない。

II. 時事英文
Thursday, July 24, 2014
Mixing old meat with new 'routine' at Chinese plant
BEIJING - In the wake of a food scandal involving a Chinese food company that used chicken meat past its expiration dates for McDonald's Co.'s Chicken McNuggets and other products, FamilyMart Co. has announced that it has stopped selling its Garlic Nuggets and Popcorn Chicken made by the same company.

Friday, July 25, 2014
Ensuring food safety a challenge
The recent scandal involving a Chinese food firm that sold products using chicken meat past its expiration date to McDonald's Co. (Japan) and Family Mart Co. sheds light on the difficulty of ensuring food safety. Both companies had been strengthening their surveillance systems amid a series of food scandal in China.

Saturday, July 26, 2014
Masuzoe, Park talk to improve relationship
SEOUL - South Korean President Park Guen-hye called for efforts by Japan to resolve the so-called comfort women issue during talks with visiting Tokyo Gov. Yoichi Masuzoe at the Blue House on Friday.

III - a. Vocabulary
「中国期限切れ肉」関連
Expired meat scandal in China a betrayal of Japan's safety efforts
外資企業にも及んだ背信行為
またも yet again
ゆゆしき事態 matter of enormous concern
品質保持期限 expiration date
返品された (be) returned unsold
ミンチ ground meat
常温 room temperature
〜を象徴する be emblematic of ...
粉ミルク baby formula
〜がおろそかにされている receive little scrutiny
強制捜査 law enforcement investigation

「インドネシア」関連
「庶民派」は成長維持できるか
Will new Indonesian president Widodo be able to maintain economic groeth?
過去に例のない unpresedented
小差で破る defeat by a small margin
異議を申し立てる file a complaint
可否 advisability
社会基盤 social infrastructure
〜の裏側で on the flip side of
打ち出した avowed
内向きの introverted
法の支配 the rule of law
外交手腕 deiplomatic finesse

III -b. ABCニュースから
Keyword 解説
ABCニュースは、ウクライナ東部で旅客機が撃墜された事件に関し、オバマ大統領が声明を発表したと伝えています。
President Obama ratcheting up the pressure on Vladimir Putin to rein in those rebels.
「オバマ大統領はプーチン大統領に対して、　新ロシア派の武装集団を抑えるよう、さらに圧力をかけた」。
キーワードは、rein in「抑える」。
reinはもともと、「手綱」。
rein inで「手綱を引いて馬を止める」ことから、「抑える、抑制する」。
compelで「従わせる、強制する」。
今回のキーワードは、rein in「抑える」です。

[例文]
Finally, after four days of rebel obstruction, the professionals showed up today: a three-man forensics team from the Netherlands joined by international monitors.
事故から4日妨害が続いた現地に専門家が到着
オランダの科学捜査チームら国際調査団だ
At the Security Council, a unanimous vote, including Russia, calling for an international investigation.
国連安保理は国際調査を求める決議を全会一致で採択
The Dutch Foreign Minister visibly outraged.
オランダ外相は怒りを表明した
To my dying day, I will not understand that it took so much time for the rescue workers to be allowed.
救助活動が遅れたことは私には一生 理解できないでしょう
And at the White House, President Obama ratcheting up the pressure on Vladimir Putin to rein in those rebels.
オバマ大統領はロシアに対し親ロシア派を抑えるよう求めた
Russia, and President Putin in particular, has direct responsibility to compel them to cooperate.
プーチン大統領には親ロシア派を協力させる責任があります
Those rebels have had the black boxes, the flight recorders from the plane for days.
親ロシア派は保管していたブラックボックスを-
And tonight, finally, they have turned them over to Malaysian investigators.
今夜 マレーシアの調査団に引き渡した

IV. Jokes
'a. Trio of Gifts
In January, my wife, a physician, met with an elderly patient. "So was Santa good to you?" she asked.
"Real good," he said. "I got an SUV."
"Nice."
"Yeah … Socks, Underwear, and Viagra."

'b. Leaving a Light On
An elderly man visits the doctor for a checkup. "Mr. Smith, you're in great shape," says the doctor afterward. "How do you do it?"
"Well," says Mr. Smith, "I don't drink, I don't smoke, and the good Lord looks out for me. For weeks now, every time I go to the bathroom in the middle of the night, he turns the light on for me."
Concerned, the doctor finds Mrs. Smith in the waiting room and tells her what her husband said.
"I don't think that's anything to worry about," she says. "And on the bright side, it does explain who's been peeing in the fridge."

'c. Long Time, No See
My 45-year-old sister was attending the wedding of a childhood friend when she ran into people she hadn't seen in years. How long exactly? One of them shouted, "Kathy, you got your braces off!"


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