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資料No. ： NS140709
I-1 TOEIC, TOEFL練習問題
(1) TOEIC '1. Rachel was sorry ------- her brother's opening night performance, but there was no helping it. (A) being missed (B) missed (C) missing (D) to have missed '2. In case of emergency, break the glass and pull ------- the red handle. (A) at (B) down (C) off (D) toward '3. Scientists were researching the possibility that ------- of the precious oil could be used to cure various illnesses. (A) extract (B) extracted (C) extraction (D) extractor (2) TOEFL '1. ----- is considered a robotic device because it repositions itself after each cycle of motion. (A) Internal combustion engines (B) The internal combustion engine (C) Internal combustion engine (D) Those internal combustion engines '2. A large proportion of English words find their origins ----- the predecessors of modern Germanic and Latinate languages. (A) in (B) at (C) for (D) with '3. Earthquakes of equal magnitudes ----- widely differing effects at their epicenters, depending on how deeply below the surface they are centered. (A) can produce (B) producing (C) to produce (D) are produced '4. Trees such as mahogany ----- in isolation because the growth of their dense structure requires massive amounts of available nutrients from the surrounding area. (A) tend growing (B) tend to grow (C) tend grow (D) tends to be grown '5. The insulating property of a vacuum is derived from the fact that heat transfer requires the presence of molecules ----- energy. (A) capable conducting (B) capable to conduct (C) capable are conducted (D) capable of conducting '6. Many skyscrapers are now (A)fitted with large sliding (B)weights on their roofs, which can be automatically shifted (C)during earthquakes to minimize the (D)moving of the building. '7. Televisions and computer displays generate color (A)at the manipulation of the (B)ratios of intensity of (C)evenly distributed pixels of white, blue, red and yellow (D)light. '8. It has often been (A)noted that (B)contacting sports are a (C)symbolic form of (D)warfare. '9. Bats (A)that have relatively poor (B)eyesight, but extremely well-developed hearing, and (C)an ability to sense objects and (D)their own orientation through a type of natural sonar. '10. (A)Some the planets in our solar system, (B)such as Pluto, are believed (C)to have been captured in the Sun's gravitational field (D)while passing by billions of years ago. I-2 TOEIC, TOEFL 練習問題解答 (1) TOEIC '1. Rachel was sorry ------- her brother's opening night performance, but there was no helping it. (A) being missed (B) missed (C) missing (D) to have missed 訳；レーチェルは弟の初演を見逃して悲しかったが、どうすることもできなかった。 ※正解(Ｄ)。解説 語法の問題。sorryという形容詞はSorry to bother you.（お邪魔しました）のようにto不定詞を従え、動名詞は採らないため、to have missedが正答となります。 '2. In case of emergency, break the glass and pull ------- the red handle. (A) at (B) down (C) off (D) toward 訳 非常時には、ガラスを割って赤いハンドルを下に引っ張ってください。 ※正解(Ｂ)。解説 pull -------に続く名詞がthe red handle（赤いハンドル）のため、downを選び、pull down ...（…を引き下ろす）とするのが正答です。pullのあとにたとえばそでや体の一部が来る場合にはpull at ...で「…〈そでや体の一部など〉を引っ張る」とします。pull offなら「…〈車など〉を脇に寄せる；うまくやる」、pull toward ...で「…の方へ引っ張る」を表します。in case of emergencyは熟語で「非常時に；緊急時に」の意味です。 '3. Scientists were researching the possibility that ------- of the precious oil could be used to cure various illnesses. (A) extract (B) extracted (C) extraction (D) extractor 訳 科学者たちは、その希少なオイルの抽出物がさまざまな病の治療に使えるのではないかと研究していた。 ※正解(Ａ)。解説 語彙の問題。空欄には名詞が入ります。(A)のextract（抽出物）、(C)のextraction（抽出）、(D)のextractor（抽出する物・人）はすべて名詞ですが、前後関係からextractを選びます。extractは「…を抽出する」という意味の動詞としても使えることを覚えておきましょう。 (2) TOEFL '1. ----- is considered a robotic device because it repositions itself after each cycle of motion. (A) Internal combustion engines (B) The internal combustion engine (C) Internal combustion engine (D) Those internal combustion engines ※正解(Ｂ)。【解説】 空所の後にisが来ていることから複数形enginesを含む選択肢は除外でき る。Internal combustion engineには冠詞がないので、これも使えない。正解はThe internal combustion engineである。 '2. A large proportion of English words find their origins ----- the predecessors of modern Germanic and Latinate languages. (A) in (B) at (C) for (D) with ※正解(Ａ)。【解説】 難しく考える必要はない。find their origins in ... で「語源は ... の中に見いだせる」の意味になる。正解はinである。 '3. Earthquakes of equal magnitudes ----- widely differing effects at their epicenters, depending on how deeply below the surface they are centered. (A) can produce (B) producing (C) to produce (D) are produced ※正解(Ａ)。【解説】 空所にはこの文の動詞が入るのは明らか。したがって、producingとto produceは除外できる。widely differing effectsは動詞の目的語になるので、正解 はcan produceになる。 '4. Trees such as mahogany ----- in isolation because the growth of their dense structure requires massive amounts of available nutrients from the surrounding area. (A) tend growing (B) tend to grow (C) tend grow (D) tends to be grown ※正解(Ｂ)。【解説】 tend to grow この文の主語はTreesである。したがって、tends to be grownは不可。 tendの後に不定詞toを続けて、tend to ... で「... する傾向がある」の意味にな る。 '5. The insulating property of a vacuum is derived from the fact that heat transfer requires the presence of molecules ----- energy. (A) capable conducting (B) capable to conduct (C) capable are conducted (D) capable of conducting ※正解(Ｄ)。【解説】 capableの用法を知っていればすぐに答えが分かるはずである。capableの後にはto不定詞ではなく、前置詞ofが来る。正解はcapable of conductingである。 '6. Many skyscrapers are now (A)fitted with large sliding (B)weights on their roofs, which can be automatically shifted (C)during earthquakes to minimize the (D)moving of the building. ※正解(Ｄ)。【解説】 moving → movement。 be fitted with ... で「... が装備されている」の意味。weight「重り」 は可算名詞。前置詞duringの用法に誤りはない。冠詞theの後では動名詞movingでは なく名詞movementを用いる。 '7. Televisions and computer displays generate color (A)at the manipulation of the (B)ratios of intensity of (C)evenly distributed pixels of white, blue, red and yellow (D)light. ※正解(Ａ)。【解説】 at → through。 前後の流れからして、the manipulation「操作」の前には手段、方法を表す 前置詞が入るはずである。ここではatではなくthroughを使う。複数形ratios「割 合、比率」、副詞evenly、不可算名詞light「明かり」の使い方に誤りはない。 '8. It has often been (A)noted that (B)contacting sports are a (C)symbolic form of (D)warfare. ※正解(Ｂ)。【解説】 contacting sports → contact sports。 note「言及する」の過去分詞形に問題はない。「コンタクト（体をぶつけ合 う）スポーツ」はcontact sportsと言う。symbolicは形容詞で「象徴的な」の意味。 warfare「戦争、争い」は不可算名詞である。 '9. Bats (A)that have relatively poor (B)eyesight, but extremely well-developed hearing, and (C)an ability to sense objects and (D)their own orientation through a type of natural sonar. ※正解(Ａ)。【解説】 that have → have。 この文の動詞はどれか。haveである。ということは、Batsの後の関係代名詞 thatは不要である。eyesight「視力」は不可算名詞。冠詞anの用法に問題はない。 theirはbatsを受けている。 '10. (A)Some the planets in our solar system, (B)such as Pluto, are believed (C)to have been captured in the Sun's gravitational field (D)while passing by billions of years ago. ※正解(Ａ)。【解説】 Some → Some of。 文頭のSomeに注目。その後に冠詞theがあるので、前置詞ofを使って、Some of the planetsとしなければならない。such as ... 「... のようなもの」、不定詞 to、接続詞whileの用法に問題はない。 II. 時事英文 Wednesday, July 2, 2014 New defense era for Japan Collective right OK'd in severe security environment The government decided on a reinterpretation of the Constitution to allow limited exercise of the right of collective self-defense during a Cabinet meeting on Tuesday, a major turning point for the country's security policy in the postwar era. 集団的自衛権限定容認 政府は1日夕、首相官邸で臨時閣議を開き、憲法解釈上できないとされてきた集団的自衛権の行使を、限定容認する新たな政府見解を決定した。 Argentina, 'vulture' funds battle as debt deadline arrivas BUENOS AIRES (AFP-Jiji) - Argentina and headge fund creditors it calls "vultures" blasted each other as the couintr4y was expected to miss a geadline for a key debt payment Monday. III - a. Vocabulary '1. 「対『北』制裁緩和」関連 前向きな対応を取る take a positive response あくまで strictly and consistently 「行動対行動」の規則 principle of "action for action" 〜を評価する put a high value on ... 〜を調査する権限 mandate to conduct probes into ... 〜を兼務する double as ... 前面に出る come to the fore 〜禁止は継続する keep in place the ban on ... 具体的な成果を生む produce a tangible result 〜が前提となる be contingent on ... '2. 「6・3制見直し」関連 提言をまとめる put together recommendations 義務教育 compulsory education 学級担任 homeroom teacher 不登校 truancy 早ければ at the earliest 磨く hone 統廃合される be abolished or merged 〜の是非を検討する study the adsvisability of ... 知識や技術 expertise and skills 即戦力となる work ready III -b. ABCニュースから Keyword 解説 ABCニュースは、サッカーのワールドカップでアメリカがベルギーと対戦していたときの町の様子を伝えています。 The country rooting for team USA. 「全米がアメリカ代表チームを応援している」。 キーワードは、root「応援する」。 rout「叫ぶ」と関連して、「大きな声で応援する」こと。 rallyも「勇気づける、応援する」。 viewing partyで「大勢で画面を見ながら楽しむこと」。 ABCニュースは、試合中はアメリカの社会全体がcame to a standstill「（機能を）停止していた」と伝えています。 今回のキーワードは、root「応援する」です。 [例文] As we come on the air, the country rooting for team USA on the world stage, showing their true grit in that epic showdown against Belgium. 世界の舞台で戦うチームを全米が応援 米国はベルギー相手に大善戦した Unfortunately everyone here with that collective sigh, but throughout the day so much support for team USA. 今は皆 ため息だが米国への声援に満ちた一日だった From Atlanta to Chicago, thousands flooding Soldier Field, the viewing party moved here after record-setting World Cup crowds. ここはアトランタ - シカゴでは大観衆を受けてパブリックビューイングの場所が変更に And from the nation's capital, where even the President joined in. ワシントンでは-大統領も仲間入りした I believe that we will win! 勝つと信じて！ America came to a standstill today for soccer. サッカーのために国中が停止状態 You can hear the highs and the lows. あちこちから歓声や悲鳴が上がった Let's face it. Few expected the US to get this far in the World Cup. しかしここまでの活躍は予想外なのだ In fact, bettors put the USA at just a 13.1% chance of beating the Belgians. 事前の予想ではベルギー戦勝利の確率は13.1％だった IV. Jokes 'a. My old aunts used to come up to me at weddings, poking me in the ribs and saying, "You're next!" After a while, I figured out how to stop them. I started doing the same thing to them at funerals! 'b. An old man was lying on his deathbed, and the family was taking turns spending time with him. While he was speaking to his young granddaughter, he smelled his favirite apple pie! His wife must have been baking it for him to enjoy this one last time. So the man asked his grahddaughter, "Honey, would you go ask grandma for a slice of that apple pie?" She ran out of the room and returned empty handed. "Where's my pie?" he asked. "Grandma said it's not for now," she said, "it's for the funeral." |