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資料No. ： NS140604
I-1 TOEIC, TOEFL練習問題
(1) TOEIC '1. Due to concerns about side effects, the federal drug safety department has delayed its ------- of the new medication. (A) approval (B) approve (C) approved (D) approving '2. The roads were slippery with ice, but Jeannie was confident that her car had ------- snow tires. (A) adequate (B) expensive (C) matching (D) promising '3. The politician came out in support ------- the plan to renovate all public schools in the city within five years. (A) as (B) for (C) of (D) to (2) TOEFL '1. After a road construction crew lays down the asphalt, its surface ------ with a sealer that protects the road from wear. (A) is covered (B) are they covered (C) that covers (D) covering '2. Semantics is a branch of linguistics concerned with the structure ------ the changes of meaning in language. (A) as well (B) and well (C) and as well (D) as well as '3. Not until aircraft were able to carry loads heavy enough to be useful in transportation and war ------. (A) investors took them seriously (B) they were taken seriously by investors (C) did investors take them seriously (D) with investors taking them seriously '4. After being nominated for the award five years in a row but never actually receiving it, many believe it's about time Mr. Handy ------ the honor. (A) was received (B) received (C) receives (D) will receive '5. Exit-polls show that most people ----- supportive of the opponent of an incumbent president intend to vote against the incumbent, rather than for his opponent. (A) are to be (B) who are (C) who (D) who will be '6. The invention of writing allowed people (A)to preserve data without (B)committing (C)it to human memory, which it was (D)less reliable than clay tablets. '7. We finished (A)work on most (B)of the cars, but we didn't (C)have time for (D)the rests. '8. The president organized (A)a fundraising dinner for his political (B)allies that was (C)attended by 1,000 people, (D)each of which paid $750 for the privilege. '9. (A)In many parts of India, the cow is (B)regarded as sacred (C)and is not slaughtered (D)by food. '10. (A)We all wish the jury (B)will realize (C)that a defendant is to be (D)presumed innocent until and unless proven guilty. I-2 TOEIC, TOEFL 練習問題解答 (1) TOEIC '1. Due to concerns about side effects, the federal drug safety department has delayed its ------- of the new medication. (A) approval (B) approve (C) approved (D) approving 訳 副作用の懸念があるため、連邦薬物安全局は新薬の認可を延期した。 ※正解(A)。解説 代名詞itsと前置詞ofに挟まれていることから、空所には名詞が入ると判断できるので、(A)のapproval（認可）が正答になります。 '2. The roads were slippery with ice, but Jeannie was confident that her car had ------- snow tires. (A) adequate (B) expensive (C) matching (D) promising 訳 道が凍結していて滑りやすかったが、ジーニーは自分の車に適切なスノータイヤが装備されていると確信していた。 ※正解(A)。解説 snow tires（スノータイヤ）を修飾する適切な形容詞を選ぶ問題です。「道が凍結していて滑りやすかった」という状況を考えると、(A)のadequate（適切な；相応しい）を当てはめて、「適切なスノータイヤ」とするのが妥当です。matchingは「適合している」、promisingは「見込みのある」の意味です。 '3. The politician came out in support ------- the plan to renovate all public schools in the city within five years. (A) as (B) for (C) of (D) to 訳 その政治家が支持を表明したのは、５年以内に市内の全公立校を改修するという計画に対してだった。 ※正解(C)。解説 in support of ...で「…を支持して；…に賛成して」の意味を表します。この句を成立させるofが正答です。 (2) TOEFL '1. After a road construction crew lays down the asphalt, its surface ------ with a sealer that protects the road from wear. (A) is covered (B) are they covered (C) that covers (D) covering ※正解(A)。【解説】 its surfaceの後に動詞が来るのは明らか。are they coveredでは主語がダブってしまう。また、単数its surfaceをareで受けるはずがない。正解はis coveredである。 '2. Semantics is a branch of linguistics concerned with the structure ------ the changes of meaning in language. (A) as well (B) and well (C) and as well (D) as well as ※正解(D)。【解説】 the structureとthe changes ... と２つ名詞句が並んでいる。接続詞の andを入れたいところだが、選択肢にはand well、and as wellと余分な語がついている。as well asを空所に入れれば「the changes ... ばかりでなくthe structureも」の意味になる。 '3. Not until aircraft were able to carry loads heavy enough to be useful in transportation and war ------. (A) investors took them seriously (B) they were taken seriously by investors (C) did investors take them seriously (D) with investors taking them seriously ※正解(C)。【解説】 文頭に否定語Notがあるので、当然、空所には倒置された文が入るはずである。正解はdid investors take them seriouslyである。 '4. After being nominated for the award five years in a row but never actually receiving it, many believe it's about time Mr. Handy ------ the honor. (A) was received (B) received (C) receives (D) will receive ※正解(B)。【解説】 it's about time ... は仮定法の文であることを忘れてはいけない。この後 に過去形receivedを使うことで、「そろそろ ... してもいいころだ」の意味を表 す。 '5. Exit-polls show that most people ----- supportive of the opponent of an incumbent president intend to vote against the incumbent, rather than for his opponent. (A) are to be (B) who are (C) who (D) who will be ※正解(B)。【解説】 supportiveは「支える、支持する」という意味の形容詞である。また、 most people ... この文の動詞はintendである。したがって、空所には関係代名詞と be動詞が入るはずである。文脈から判断して、未来形にする必要はないので、正解は who areになる。 '6. The invention of writing allowed people (A)to preserve data without (B)committing (C)it to human memory, which it was (D)less reliable than clay tablets. ※正解(C)。【解説】 it → itを取る。不定詞to、withoutの後の動名詞committingの用法に問題はない。whichの後 のitは何を指しているのかがわからない。実は、このitが余分だったのである。 less ... thanは劣等比較。 '7. We finished (A)work on most (B)of the cars, but we didn't (C)have time for (D)the rests. ※正解(D)。【解説】 the rests → the rest。 この場合のworkは名詞。most of the cars、have timeに問題は見当たらな い。the restで「残り」の意味になる。restsと複数形にする必要はない。 '8. The president organized (A)a fundraising dinner for his political (B)allies that was (C)attended by 1,000 people, (D)each of which paid $750 for the privilege. ※正解(D)。【解説】 each of which → each of whom。 冠詞a、allies「同盟」、受け身was attended by ... の用法に問題はな い。whichは前のpeopleを受けているので、whomを使ってeach of whomにしなければ いけない。 '9. (A)In many parts of India, the cow is (B)regarded as sacred (C)and is not slaughtered (D)by food. ※正解(D)。【解説】 by food → for food。 In many parts、be regarded as ... 「... と見なされる」、接続詞andに 誤りはない。by foodのどこがおかしいのか。このままではfoodにより slaughtered「屠殺される」の意味になってしまう。前置詞をforに換えれば、for foodで「食用として」の意味になる。 '10. (A)We all wish the jury (B)will realize (C)that a defendant is to be (D)presumed innocent until and unless proven guilty. ※正解(B)。【解説】 will realize → would realize。 wishがあるので仮定法の文であるはずだが、will realizeと未来形になって いる。would realizeにすれば仮定法過去の文になる。 II. 時事英文 Watanabe must give solid, believable account of how ?800 million was used (その7：全7回シリーズ) Kenji Eda, who broke with Your Party due to a feud with Watanabe and formed the Yui no To party, said that Watanabe managed state subsidies paid to the party and legislation expenses alone, without consulting other party executives. 渡辺氏との確執で離党し、結いの党を結成した江田憲司氏は、政党交付金や立法事務費を渡辺氏が差配し、幹部との協議はなかったと指摘している。 By taking advantage of personal ties with Prime Minister Shinzo Abe, Watanabe has promoted a stance of serving as a "responsible opposition party" by cooperating with the Abe administration on a policy-by-policy basis. Watanabe actively promotes changes to the interpretation of the Constitution that would make it possible to exercise the right to collective self-defense, a move backed by Abe. 渡辺氏は、安倍首相とのパイプを生かし、個別の政策で安倍政権と協力する「責任野党」を標榜ひょうぼうしてきた。首相が進める集団的自衛権行使を可能にする憲法解釈の見直しにも前向きだ。 Whether Watanabe will be able to maintain his political leadership is a matter of concern to Abe as well. 渡辺氏が今後も求心力を維持できるかどうかは、首相にとっても関心事だろう。 III - a. Vocabulary '1. 「美味しんぼ」関係 不安を煽る stoke amxiety 描写 representation; depiction; account 物議を醸す spark controversy 鼻血を出す get a nosebleed これまで to date 除染 decontamination 〜に冷水を浴びせる pour cold water over ... 風評 harmful rumor 増幅する amplify 表現の自由 freedom of expression '2. 「ウクライナ混迷」関係 圧倒的多数 overwhelming majority 法的根拠 legal basis 暫定政府 provisional government 正当性を欠く lack legitimacy 投票率 voter turnout 不法占拠する unlawfully occupy 二重投票 double voting 流血 bloodshed 国際的非難 international criticism 〜には耳を傾けない ignor III -b. ABCニュースから ABCニュースは、アメリカで増えているスリの実際の様子を紹介しています。 A 10% increase in pickpocketing in recent years.「近年、スリが10パーセント増えている」。 キーワードは、pickpocket「スリ」。 動詞として「（財布や金を）すり取る」。 名詞として「スリ行為をする人」。 crookは「泥棒、犯罪者」。 ABCニュースは、スリの被害にあわないためにvaluables「貴重品」はバッグの一番下にしまうこと、そして 持ち物はすべてline of sight「目の届く場所」に置くことを勧めています。 今回のキーワードは、pickpocket「スリ」です。 [例文] A 10% increase in pick pocketing in recent years. ここ数年でスリ行為が10％増えた Surveillance video catches a pickpocket in action inside this San Diego Whole Foods. Watch. Just for a split second, the shopper turns away from her cart. And that is all the man in the checkered shirt needs. スリが行動を起こした場面を防犯カメラが捉えていた 買い物客がほんの一瞬カートに背を向ける シャツの男はその隙に犯行に及ぶ His hands covered by a shopping bag hide what he's about to do. ショッピングバッグで手元を隠して- The woman has no idea this crook walked away with her wallet and handed it off to a partner. 女性が気付かないうちに財布を盗んで仲間に渡した The thieves analyze you very well, watching for the weakest victim. 泥棒は よく観察し最も隙のある人を探します Bob Arno is a master pickpocket who advises law enforcement on how to catch the crooks. この人は泥棒の捕らえ方を警察に助言している専門家だ There are ways to avoid becoming a victim. Keep your valuables in the bottom of your bag, not the top. 被害にあわないためには-貴重品をバッグの底に入れ持ち物を目の届く場所に置こう Keep everything in your line of sight. IV. Jokes 'a. Senior Lingo Senior citizens have taken to texting with gusto. They even have their own vocabulary: BFF: Best Friend Fainted BYOT: Bring Your Own Teeth CBM: Covered by Medicare FWB: Friend with Beta-blockers LMDO: Laughing My Dentures Out GGPBL: Gotta Go, Pacemaker Battery Low! 'b. The Problem With Jury Duty Just as she was celebrating her 80th birthday, our friend received a jury-duty notice. She called the clerk's office to remind them that she was exempt because of her age. "You need to come in and fill out the exemption forms," the clerk said. "But I filled them out last year," she replied. "You have to fill them out every year." "Why? Do you think I'm getting younger?" 'c. Dream Home We'd finally built our dream home, but the contractor had a concern: the placement of an atrium window for our walk-in shower. "I'm afraid your neighbors might have a good view of you au nature l," he said. My middle-aged wife put him at ease. "Don't worry," she said. "They'll only look once." |