資料No. ： NS140423 

I-1 TOEIC, TOEFL練習問題
(1) TOEIC
'1. Bonnie was tall with dark curly hair, ------- her younger sister was a short blond-headed child.
(A) instead　(B) rather　(C) therefore　(D) whereas

'2. After trying on more than a dozen dresses, Jessica finally decided on one that was ------- for the awards ceremony.
(A) suit　(B) suitability　(C) suitable　(D) suitably

'3.. Though it had been ten years since her move, Karen ------- felt nostalgic when she drove by her former house.
(A) even　(B) rather　(C) still　(D) yet

(2) TOEFL
'1. In order ----- the momentum of any moving object, one must multiply its mass by its velocity.
(A) calculate　(B) calculated　(C) calculating　(D) to calculate

'2. Seismic surveys are conducted by ----- off manmade explosions in different locations on the surface of the earth and then analyzing the resulting echoes.
(A) taking　(B) giving　(C) telling　(D) setting

'3. Nicaragua's constitution of 1995 prevented future presidents ----- serving consecutive terms.
(A) to　(B) of　(C) from　(D) out

'4. ----- molten lava cools under certain conditions, the result can be obsidian, a natural substance similar to glass.
(A) Though　(B) When　(C) Why　(D) Which

'5. The rocky, hilly island of Aruba in the West Indies ----- part of a colony of the Netherlands since that country took possession of it in 1634.
(A) was being　(B) has been　(C) being　(D) to be

'6. The ability to conceive (A)of speech as meaningful usually emerges (B)shortly after an infant's first birthday, and children make (C)amazing rapid progress toward fluent speech during (D)their second year.

'7. Topologists (A)are mathematicians (B)they study the (C)mathematical properties of geometrical (D)figures.

'8. The telephone has been (A)characterized by some philosophers (B)as the earliest example of what has come to (C)called "virtual reality" in the computer (D)age.

'9. The (A)largest cargo ships, referred to (B)by supertankers, often (C)exceed a half a million tons in (D)deadweight.

'10. The australopithecine is (A)a prehuman creature (B)that lived about 3 million years ago, and (C)when existence has been inferred (D)from fossil evidence.

I-2 TOEIC, TOEFL 練習問題解答
(1) TOEIC
'1. Bonnie was tall with dark curly hair, ------- her younger sister was a short blond-headed child.
(A) instead　(B) rather　(C) therefore　(D) whereas
訳 ボニーは背が高く髪が黒くカールしていたが、妹は背が低い金髪の子供だった。
※正解(D)。解説 コンマの前後は身長や髪に関して対照的な描写をしている節なので、対比を表す接続詞のwhereasが正答になります。insteadは「代わりに；それどころか」の意味を表す副詞で、節をつなぐことはできません。

'2. After trying on more than a dozen dresses, Jessica finally decided on one that was ------- for the awards ceremony.
(A) suit　(B) suitability　(C) suitable　(D) suitably
訳 十数着ものドレスを試着してから、ジェシカがようやく選んだのは授賞式にふさわしいものだった。
※正解(C)。解説 品詞の問題。oneを修飾するthat節で動詞wasに続くのは形容詞だと推測されます。be suitable for ...（…にふさわしい）のかたちを成立させるsuitableを当てはめるのが適切です。suitは「スーツ；訴訟」の意味の名詞、または「合う」の意味の動詞、suitabilityは「適していること」の意味の名詞、suitablyは「似合って；適当に」の意味の副詞です。

'3.. Though it had been ten years since her move, Karen ------- felt nostalgic when she drove by her former house.
(A) even　(B) rather　(C) still　(D) yet
訳 引っ越してから10年が経っていたにもかかわらず、カレンがいまだに懐かしく思ったのは、かつて住んでいた家のそばを車で通ったときだった。
※正解(C)。解説 空所にはfeltという動詞を修飾できる副詞が必要です。選択肢は副詞としても使えるものばかりですが、「10年経ったにもかかわらず」で始まっている問題文の内容にふさわしいのは、still（依然として）です。

(2) TOEFL
'1. In order ----- the momentum of any moving object, one must multiply its mass by its velocity.
(A) calculate　(B) calculated　(C) calculating　(D) to calculate
※正解(D)。【解説】　基本的な問題である。In order... の後に動詞を続けることになるので、この場合はto不定詞を使う。velocity「速力」。

'2. Seismic surveys are conducted by ----- off manmade explosions in different locations on the surface of the earth and then analyzing the resulting echoes.
(A) taking　(B) giving　(C) telling　(D) setting
※正解(D)。【解説】　offの後にmanmade explosions「人工の（人の手による）爆発」が来ている。setを空所に入れればset offで「（爆発を）引き起こす」という意味になる。seismic「地震の」。

'3. Nicaragua's constitution of 1995 prevented future presidents ----- serving consecutive terms.
(A) to　(B) of　(C) from　(D) out
※正解(C)。【解説】　動詞preventと一緒に使う前置詞は？　fromである。prevent... from〜で「……に〜させない、妨げる」という意味になる。

'4. ----- molten lava cools under certain conditions, the result can be obsidian, a natural substance similar to glass.
(A) Though　(B) When　(C) Why　(D) Which
※正解(B)。【解説】　文の前半は「……すると」、後半は「その結果は……」という流れになるはずである。正解は(B) Whenである。

'5. The rocky, hilly island of Aruba in the West Indies ----- part of a colony of the Netherlands since that country took possession of it in 1634.
(A) was being　(B) has been　(C) being　(D) to be
※正解(B)。【解説】　空所にはこの文の動詞が入ることになるので、(C) (D)は不可。was beingでは意味が通らない。したがって、正解は(B)。

'6. The ability to conceive (A)of speech as meaningful usually emerges (B)shortly after an infant's first birthday, and children make (C)amazing rapid progress toward fluent speech during (D)their second year.
※正解(C)。【解説】　amazing → amazingly。conceive of... as 〜で「……を〜だと思う」、shortly after... で「……のすぐ後」の意味。amazingは形容詞rapidを修飾するのでamazinglyと副詞形にする。theirをchildrenのことを指す。

'7. Topologists (A)are mathematicians (B)they study the (C)mathematical properties of geometrical (D)figures.
※正解(B)。【解説】　they → who/that。heyに注目。このままではtheyの前後の文が繋がらない。theyの代わりに関係代名詞who/thatを使えばいい。topologist「位相幾何学者」。

'8. The telephone has been (A)characterized by some philosophers (B)as the earliest example of what has come to (C)called "virtual reality" in the computer (D)age.
※正解(C)。【解説】　called → be called。受け身be characterized by... 、前置詞asの用法に問題はない。「……と呼ばれるようになった」という意味を表すにはhas come to be called... にしなければいけない。the computer age「コンピューター時代」。

'9. The (A)largest cargo ships, referred to (B)by supertankers, often (C)exceed a half a million tons in (D)deadweight.
※正解(B)。【解説】　by → as。最上級largestに問題はない。(which is) referred to as... で「……として呼ばれる」の意味になる。exceed「越える」、deadweight「総重量」。

'10. The australopithecine is (A)a prehuman creature (B)that lived about 3 million years ago, and (C)when existence has been inferred (D)from fossil evidence.
※正解(C)。【解説】　when → whose。冠詞a、関係代名詞thatの用法に問題はない。whenをwhoseにしなければ意味が通らない。be inferred from... 「……から推測される」。australopithecine「アウストラロピテクス属の猿人」。

II. 時事英文
Watanabe must give solid, believable account of how ?800 million was used　
(その2：全7回シリーズ)
Yoshida said he loaned ?800 million to Watanabe as "election funds." But neither reports on Watanabe's campaign finances nor income and expenditure statements for his political funds mention the loans. It is possible Watanabe will be suspected of violating the Public Offices Election Law and the Political Funds Control Law.
　吉田会長は「選挙資金として貸した」と証言した。だが、渡辺氏の選挙運動費用や政治資金の収支報告書に８億円の記載はない。公職選挙法や政治資金規正法に違反する可能性がある。

In a news conference Thursday, Watanabe claimed the money he borrowed was "purely intended for my personal support."
　渡辺氏は記者会見で、「純粋に渡辺個人を応援してもらう」趣旨で借りたものだと強調した。

III - a. Vocabulary
'1. 「衆院予算委」関係
安全保障環境 security environment
議論を掘り下げる deepen discussions
〜人規模 -member
チェック機関 watchdog organ
建設的な提言 constructive proposal
靖国神社参拝 visit to Yasukuni Shrine
揺らぐ waver
戦没者 war dead
前提条件 precondition
喫緊(きっきん)の課題 urgent task

'2. 「STAP細胞」関係
万能細胞 pluripotent cell
リンパ球 lymphocyte
組織 tissue
臓器 organ
受精卵 fertilized egg
〜に分化する differentiate into
遺伝子操作 gene manipulation
ES細胞 embryonic stem cell
iPS細胞 induced pluripotent stem cell
再生医療 regenerative medicine

III -b. ABCニュースから
ABCニュースは、クリントン元大統領の娘チェルシーさんが妊娠を発表したと伝えています。
Their baby is due this fall.
「赤ちゃんはこの秋に生まれる予定だ」。
キーワードは、is due「生まれる予定」。
dueは一般的に「（支払いや提出の）期限、予定になっている」、
ここでは特に「生まれる予定」。
due dateで「予定日、期限、締め切り日」など。
expectingも「予期している、期待している」から、「出産を控えている」。
ABCニュースは、なかでもおばあちゃんとなるヒラリー・クリントン前国務長官が
overjoyed「とても喜んでいる」と伝えています。
今回のキーワードは、is due「予定」、特に「生まれる予定」です。

[例文]
Big news this evening from a former first daughter. Chelsea Clinton announcing she is expecting her first child.
クリントン元大統領の娘が第1子の妊娠を発表した
The next generation of the Clinton dynasty is on the way.
名門クリントン家に後継ぎが生まれる
Chelsea Clinton announcing today that she and investment banker husband Marc Mezvinsky are expecting their first child.
チェルシーさんが金融業の夫との子を妊娠したと発表
Marc and I are very excited that we have our first child arriving later this year. But perhaps, no one is more overjoyed than Hillary Clinton,
今年 私たちに第1子が生まれます最も喜んでいるのはヒラリーさんだろう
whose desire to add grandma to her resume has not been a secret.
祖母という肩書を加えたいと願っていた
I would like to have a happy wife, and she won't be unless she's a grandmother, something she wants more than she wanted to be president. And the entire Clinton family joining
妻は大統領になりたかった以上におばあちゃんになりたいのです一家はツイッターで祝福し合っており-
the congratulations on Twitter this evening. And David, Chelsea tweeting this evening that their baby is due this fall.
赤ちゃんは秋に生まれる予定だという

IV. Jokes
'a. Smoke 'em if You Got 'em
When I enlisted in my teens, I took up smoking cigars to make myself look more mature.
Did it work? Well, one time, as I proudly puffed away at our NCO club, an older sergeant growled, "Hey, kid, your candy bar's on fire."

'b. Mom's Movie Reviews
Renting a film? Check My Mom's Movie Review, where comic Lauren Palmigiano's mother gives her opinions.
Burlesque
Oh. My. God. Loved it. I will watch this 100 times. If I'm in jail and they ask what I want for my last meal-I'll say, "The Burlesque DVD and lobster."
The Town
I thought it was the Betty White movie, so I was very surprised when I saw it was the Ben Affleck movie. Actually, I didn't understand a lot of what they were saying because they had the thickest Boston accents I've ever heard. It sounded like a foreign language, but I know it was English.
Shutter Island
I thought it was going to be really scary. But I only screamed one time. A one-screamer. Leonardo DiCaprio's hair in the movie looks terrible. They gave him a bowl cut. He has a tiny Band-Aid on his forehead. They never explain why it's there. Maybe he had a pimple.

'c. Hold the Presses!
・Misadventures in headline writing from around the world: City Unsure Why the Sewer Smells -The Herald-Palladium (St. Joseph, Michigan)
・Case of Innocent Man Freed After Spending 18 Years in Prison Proves Texas System Works -Lubbock Avalanche-Journal (Texas)
・British Left Waffles on Falklands -The Guardian
・At Last Singer Etta James Dies -


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