資料No. ： NS140305 

I-1 TOEIC, TOEFL練習問題
(1) TOEIC
'1. With a ------- laugh, Ken agreed with his boss that his new hairstyle was too short.
(A) falsely　(B) nervous　(C) sensitive　(D) standard

'2. The following article may be reprinted for educational purposes, provided ------- the source is clearly named.
(A) for　(B) that　(C) to　(D) which

'3. The most reliable stock portfolio consists ------- low-risk investments in a variety of well-established industries.
(A) in　(B) of　(C) to　(D) with

(2) TOEFL
1. The kukui tree of Hawaii derives its nickname, candlenut, ----- its fruit contains an oil that can be burned to generate light.
(A) from the fact that　(B) that from the fact　(C) from that fact　(D) the fact that from

2. Not until Richard Wagner completed his Ring cycle of operas -----.
(A) a composer had created musical drama on such a grand scale
(B) had a composer created musical drama on such a grand scale
(C) had created a composer musical drama on such a grand scale
(D) a composer created musical drama on such a grand scale

3. In cases ----- the regular prosecutor may have a conflict of interest, an official known as independent council can be appointed to carry out the investigation or prosecution.
(A) which　(B) where　(C) that　(D) there

4. The economies of several of the most advanced industrial nations are ----- longer based primarily on heavy manufacturing.
(A) not　(B) nor　(C) none　(D) no

5. There are five regular polyhedrons, ----- solid figures with four or more identical surfaces called faces.
(A) that are　(B) those are　(C) they are　(D) which are

6. The quality and (A)expressiveness of Winston Churchill's paintings inspired some critics (B)to regret that (C)their painting had to be interrupted by his career (D)as a statesman.

7. Some wild pigs may travel (A)hundred of kilometers (B)through (C)forested mountain terrain in (D)search of suitable sources of food and water.

8. New Delhi, (A)a national capital of India, is made (B)up of part of the city (C)and union (D)territory of Delhi.

9. Relatively (A)small is known about the hearing of large mammals (B)simply because laboratory experiments (C)on animal sound reception are (D)easier to conduct with small animals.

10. Astronomers are (A)intensely interested in globular clusters, large (B)groups of old stars that are (C)closely packed in a symmetrical, somewhat (D)spherically form.

I-2 TOEIC, TOEFL 練習問題解答
(1) TOEIC
'1. With a ------- laugh, Ken agreed with his boss that his new hairstyle was too short.
(A) falsely　(B) nervous　(C) sensitive　(D) standard
訳；ケンは神経質な笑みを浮かべながら、切ったばかりの髪形が短すぎると言う上司に同意した。
※正解(B)。解説 冠詞のあと、名詞の前の空欄には形容詞が必要です。(A)のfalsely（偽って）以外はすべて形容詞ですが、文脈内で意味を成すnervous（神経質な；緊張した）が正答です。

'2. The following article may be reprinted for educational purposes, provided ------- the source is clearly named.
(A) for　(B) that　(C) to　(D) which
訳；以下の記事は教育目的において転載を許可する。ただし、出典を分かりやすく記載していることを条件とする。
※正解(B)。解説 熟語の問題。provided that ...で「…という条件で」を意味します。The following article…,のようにコンマの前に「…を許可する」などの節が、そしてコンマのすぐ後ろに条件を示す［provided that＋主語＋動詞］と続きます。

'3. The most reliable stock portfolio consists ------- low-risk investments in a variety of well-established industries.
(A) in　(B) of　(C) to　(D) with
訳；最も信頼できる株式ポートフォリオは、安定した業界に対するリスクの低い投資で構成されている。
※正解(B)。解説 熟語の問題。consist of ...で「…で構成される；…で成る」の意味です。The project team consists of five members.（プロジェクトチームは５人のメンバーで構成されている）のように、通常、物や団体を表す語句が主語となります。

(2) TOEFL
1. The kukui tree of Hawaii derives its nickname, candlenut, ----- its fruit contains an oil that can be burned to generate light.
(A) from the fact that　(B) that from the fact　(C) from that fact　(D) the fact that from
※正解(A)。【解説】　derive 〜 from... で「〜は……に由来する」の意味になる。正解は(A)か(C)かだが、from that factでは次の文と繋がらない。

2. Not until Richard Wagner completed his Ring cycle of operas -----.
(A) a composer had created musical drama on such a grand scale
(B) had a composer created musical drama on such a grand scale
(C) had created a composer musical drama on such a grand scale
(D) a composer created musical drama on such a grand scale
※正解(B)。【解説】　否定語句Not untilが文頭に来ていることに注目。当然、この文では倒置が行われることになる。正解は(B)。本来の語順はa composer had created... だが、had a composer created... と倒置されている。

3. In cases ----- the regular prosecutor may have a conflict of interest, an official known as independent council can be appointed to carry out the investigation or prosecution.
(A) which　(B) where　(C) that　(D) there
※正解(B)。【解説】　casesは場合、状況を表しているので、whichやthatでは文が繋がらない。thereは問題外である。正解はin whichの働きをしている関係副詞のwhereである。conflict「衝突、対立」。

4. The economies of several of the most advanced industrial nations are ----- longer based primarily on heavy manufacturing.
(A) not　(B) nor　(C) none　(D) no
※正解(D)。【解説】　空所の後にlongerがあるので、すぐに答えが分かったのではないか。no longer... で「もはや……でない」の意味になる。

5. There are five regular polyhedrons, ----- solid figures with four or more identical surfaces called faces.
(A) that are　(B) those are　(C) they are　(D) which are
※正解(D)。【解説】　those are、they areを空所に入れるとBe動詞が重複してしまう。関係代名詞thatの前にカンマを使うことはできないので、(D) which areが正解。polyhedron「多面体」。

6. The quality and (A)expressiveness of Winston Churchill's paintings inspired some critics (B)to regret that (C)their painting had to be interrupted by his career (D)as a statesman.
※正解(C)。【解説】　their → his。expressivenessは「表現力豊かなこと」という意味の名詞。inspire+人+to〜に問題はない。theirはWinston Churchillのことを指しているのでhisにしなくてはいけない。as「……として」は前置詞。

7. Some wild pigs may travel (A)hundred of kilometers (B)through (C)forested mountain terrain in (D)search of suitable sources of food and water.
※正解(A)。【解説】　hundred → hundreds。「何百の、多くの」という意味を表すにはhundredsと複数形にする。前置詞 through、forested「森林におおわれた」、in search of... 「……を求めて」の用法に問題はない。

8. New Delhi, (A)a national capital of India, is made (B)up of part of the city (C)and union (D)territory of Delhi.
※正解(A)。【解説】　a → the。New Delhiはインドの首都であるので、national capitalの前の冠詞はaではなくtheになる。

9. Relatively (A)small is known about the hearing of large mammals (B)simply because laboratory experiments (C)on animal sound reception are (D)easier to conduct with small animals.
※正解(A)。【解説】　small → little。「……についてはほとんど知られていない」という意味を表すにはsmallをlittleにしなくてはいけない。simply because... 「単に……という理由である」、前置詞on、比較級easierの用法に問題はない。

10. Astronomers are (A)intensely interested in globular clusters, large (B)groups of old stars that are (C)closely packed in a symmetrical, somewhat (D)spherically form.
※正解(D)。【解説】　spherically → spherical。interestedを修飾する副詞intensely、複数形groups、packedを修飾する副詞closelyの用法に問題はない。名詞formの前では副詞sphericallyは形容詞sphericalにする。globular「球状の」。

II. 時事英文
The Necessity Of Cooperation In Space Exploration (その1：全6回シリーズ)
With the launching of the Sputnik 1, the first artificial satellite in November 1957, the world entered what became known as the space age, an era of rapid development and great advances in technology and the sciences, particularly rocketry and cybernetics.

III - a. 雑知識
01. " blanket / （雪などが）〜を覆う "
Tokyo was blanketed in snowfall not seen in close to half a century. は、２月８日に1969年３月以来、45年ぶりの大雪に見舞われた東京に関する The Asahi Shimbun AJW の記事から。

02. " pound home / 〜を十分に理解させる "
President Barack Obama set off on Jan. 29 on a four-city tour to pound home his annual State of the Union message. は、オバマ米大統領が11月の議会の中間選挙をにらんで、一般教書演説で掲げた政策を国民に直接説明する遊説ツアーを開始したことを伝えたAP通信の記事から。

03. " snap / 急な、抜き打ちの "
snap election ＝「抜き打ち選挙」。橋下徹大阪市長は、市長を辞職して出直し選挙を行う意向を表明した。Toru Hashimoto on Feb. 1 said he will resign as Osaka mayor and call a snap election. は、The Asahi Shimbun AJW の記事から。

04. " crank out / 次から次へと機械的に作る、量産する "
トヨタは世界の自動車メーカーで初めて年間生産台数が１千万台を超えた。Toyota world's 1st automaker to crank out 10 million vehicles は、このニュースを伝えた The Asahi Shimbun AJW の見出し。

05. " lavish praise / 褒めちぎる "
NHK経営委員の長谷川三千子氏が、新右翼の著名な活動家で朝日新聞東京本社で拳銃自殺した人物を称賛した。A governor at Japan Broadcasting Corp. (NHK) has lavished praise on a right-wing activist who shot himself inside the president's office of The Asahi Shimbun 20 years ago. は、AJW の記事から。

III -b. ABCニュースから
ABCニュースは、ウクライナ情勢をめぐるロシアの軍事的な動きについてアメリカのケリー国務長官が強く非難したと伝えています。

Russia has engaged in a military act of aggression against another country.
「ロシアが行っていることは、他国への軍事的な侵略行為だ」。

キーワードは、act of aggression「侵略行為」。
aggressionは外交や軍事では「侵略」と訳されます。

all options are on the tableで、「あらゆる選択肢をテーブルの上に置いている」。

今回のキーワードは、act of aggression「侵略行為」です。
The "incredible act of aggression,""信じ難い侵略行為"

例文
those words tonight from the　Obama administration,　with Putin's forces on the move
in Ukraine.
ウクライナに対するロシアの行動を米政府が非難した
　
By sea, the Russian Navy poured in more forces. On the roads, Russian troops were on the move.
海からはロシア海軍が兵士を増強地上でも部隊を展開している
　
Russia now totally controls this key part of Ukraine, the Crimean Peninsula.
今やロシアはクリミア半島を完全に支配下に置いた

At NATO headquarters in Brussels, a sharp demand. Russia must stop its military
activities and its threats.
NATOは撤退を求める声明を発表ロシアが軍事行動と威嚇行為を中止するよう求めます

On "This Week," Secretary of State John Kerry .with very strong words for Vladimir Putin.
ケリー国務長官もプーチン大統領を強い言葉で非難した

Russia has engaged in a military act of aggression against another country.
ロシアが行っているのは他国に対する軍事的な侵略行為です

And the President is currently considering all options, .they're all on the table.
大統領はあらゆる選択肢を検討しています

IV. Jokes
'a. The Three Week Diet
A man says to a friend, "My wife is on a three-week diet."

"Oh, yeah? How much has she lost so far?" asks his pal.
He replies, "Two weeks."

'b. Penn Jillette, the chatty half of the magic duo Penn & Teller, shared with us his favorite clean joke:

Two racehorses are in a stable. One says to the other, "You know,
before that last race …"
"The one that you won?" asks the other horse.
"Yeah, before that race, I felt a pinch in my hindquarters."
The other horse says, "Funny, I felt a pinch in my hindquarters before the race that I won."
A dog walking by says, "You idiots, you're being doped. They're injecting you with a drug to make you faster!"
The first horse turns to the other and says, "Hey, a talking dog!"

'c. Scene: office cafeteria line
Friend: May I have pepper and salt?
(Counter guy looks confused.)
Friend: Sir? Pepper and salt?
(Counter guy grabs a bell pepper.)
Friend: No! Not that pepper. The pepper and salt …
Me: You know, like you shake it on?
(Coworker looks over.)
Coworker: Dude! She means the salt and pepper!
Counter guy: Oh! Why didn't you just say that?


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