資料No. ： NS140226 

I-1 TOEIC, TOEFL練習問題
(1) TOEIC
'1. Rachel was sorry ------- her brother's opening night performance, but there was no helping it.
(A) being missed　(B) missed　(C) missing　(D) to have missed

'2. In case of emergency, break the glass and pull ------- the red handle.
(A) at　(B) down　(C) off　(D) toward

'3. Scientists were researching the possibility that ------- of the precious oil could be used to cure various illnesses.
(A) extract　(B) extracted　(C) extraction　(D) extractor

(2) TOEFL
'1. During the 17th century, wars of religion became less important in world history, replaced by ----- for the financial and political interests of individual sovereigns.
(A) to fight　(B) fight　(C) fighting　(D) fought

'2. Arctic dogs include a number of ----- breeds such as the Siberian husky, the Finnish spitz and the Samoyed.
(A) sturdy　(B) sturdily　(C) sturdiness　(D) sturdying

'3. Mexican President Adolfo Ruiz Cortines took office on December 1, 1952 ----- a member of the ruling P.R.I. party.
(A) as　(B) of　(C) to　(D) at

'4. The Byzantine Empire, a continuation of the Roman Empire in the Middle Ages, was also known as the East Roman Empire ----- it ruled what had been the eastern part of the Roman Empire.
(A) because　(B) although　(C) in spite of　(D) in keeping with

'5. Not long after Thomas Jefferson took office as U.S. President in 1801, he began working on plans for an expedition ----- the vast wilderness of what is now the northwestern United States.
(A) did explore　(B) explore　(C) explored　(D) to explore

'6. Farmers (A)store grain (B)in grain elevators, (C)largely, tall buildings (D)with compartmented interiors.

'7. French composer and piano Francis Poulenc was particularly noted for his composition of vocal music.
(A) piano　(B) particularly　(C) for　(D) vocal

'8. (A)The highest of all the mountains (B)in the Western Hemisphere (C)are Aconcagua in the Andes (D)range of South America.

'9. It was (A)a historic moment in 1954 (B)when Roger Bannister became the first person (C)to run a mile in less than 4 minutes, (D)he was finishing a race in Oxford, England in 3 minutes, 59.4 seconds.

'10. (A)Most medieval manor houses and monasteries were furnished (B)to a great hall, a main chamber (C)in which common meals were (D)taken.

I-2 TOEIC, TOEFL 練習問題解答
(1) TOEIC
'1. Rachel was sorry ------- her brother's opening night performance, but there was no helping it.
(A) being missed　(B) missed　(C) missing　(D) to have missed
訳；レーチェルは弟の初演を見逃して悲しかったが、どうすることもできなかった。
※正解(D)。解説 語法の問題。sorryという形容詞はSorry to bother you.（お邪魔しました）のようにto不定詞を従え、動名詞は採らないため、to have missedが正答となります。

'2. In case of emergency, break the glass and pull ------- the red handle.
(A) at　(B) down　(C) off　(D) toward
訳；非常時には、ガラスを割って赤いハンドルを下に引っ張ってください。
※正解(B)。解説 pull -------に続く名詞がthe red handle（赤いハンドル）のため、downを選び、pull down ...（…を引き下ろす）とするのが正答です。pullのあとにたとえばそでや体の一部が来る場合にはpull at ...で「…〈そでや体の一部など〉を引っ張る」とします。pull offなら「…〈車など〉を脇に寄せる；うまくやる」、pull toward ...で「…の方へ引っ張る」を表します。in case of emergencyは熟語で「非常時に；緊急時に」の意味です。

'3. Scientists were researching the possibility that ------- of the precious oil could be used to cure various illnesses.
(A) extract　(B) extracted　(C) extraction　(D) extractor
訳；科学者たちは、その希少なオイルの抽出物がさまざまな病の治療に使えるのではないかと研究していた。
※正解(A)。解説 語彙の問題。空欄には名詞が入ります。(A)のextract（抽出物）、(C)のextraction（抽出）、(D)のextractor（抽出する物・人）はすべて名詞ですが、前後関係からextractを選びます。extractは「…を抽出する」という意味の動詞としても使えることを覚えておきましょう。

(2) TOEFL
'1. During the 17th century, wars of religion became less important in world history, replaced by ----- for the financial and political interests of individual sovereigns.
(A) to fight　(B) fight　(C) fighting　(D) fought
※正解(C)。【解説】　空所の前には前置詞byがあるので、不定詞to fight、動詞foughtは使えない。また、fight「戦い」は可算名詞なのでこのままでは空所に入れることはできない。正解は動名詞fightingである。sovereign「主権者、国王」。

'2. Arctic dogs include a number of ----- breeds such as the Siberian husky, the Finnish spitz and the Samoyed.
(A) sturdy　(B) sturdily　(C) sturdiness　(D) sturdying
※正解(A)。【解説】　breedsとは「動物の品種」のことである。名詞breedsの前に来るのは形容詞 sturdy「丈夫な、頑健な」である。

'3. Mexican President Adolfo Ruiz Cortines took office on December 1, 1952 ----- a member of the ruling P.R.I. party.
(A) as　(B) of　(C) to　(D) at
※正解(A)。【解説】　空所の後にa member of... が来ている点に注目。asを使えば、「……のメンバーとして」という意味になる。

'4. The Byzantine Empire, a continuation of the Roman Empire in the Middle Ages, was also known as the East Roman Empire ----- it ruled what had been the eastern part of the Roman Empire.
(A) because　(B) although　(C) in spite of　(D) in keeping with
※正解(A)。【解説】　空所の後にit ruled ... と文が続いているので、in spite ofとin keeping withは使えない。空所以下では理由を述べているので正解は(A) becauseになる。

'5. Not long after Thomas Jefferson took office as U.S. President in 1801, he began working on plans for an expedition ----- the vast wilderness of what is now the northwestern United States.
(A) did explore　(B) explore　(C) explored　(D) to explore
※正解(D)。【解説】　問題文の主文の主語はhe、動詞はbeganである。したがって、空所にdid explore、explore、exploredを入れると動詞がダブることになる。ここは不定詞to exploreを使う。

'6. Farmers (A)store grain (B)in grain elevators, (C)largely, tall buildings (D)with compartmented interiors.
※正解(C)。【解説】　largely → large。【解説】store「蓄える」という意味の動詞。前置詞inとwithの用法に問題はない。largelyはtallに合わせて形容詞largeにする。compartmented「仕切られた」。

'7. French composer and piano Francis Poulenc was particularly noted for his composition of vocal music.
(A) piano　(B) particularly　(C) for　(D) vocal
※正解(A)。【解説】　piano → pianist。pianoはどう見てもおかしい。pianoはpianistにしなくてはいけない。

'8. (A)The highest of all the mountains (B)in the Western Hemisphere (C)are Aconcagua in the Andes (D)range of South America.
※正解(C)。【解説】　are → is。最上級highestの前のThe、前置詞inの用法に問題はない。areはこの文の主語The highestに呼応してisになる。rangeは「山脈」の意味。

'9. It was (A)a historic moment in 1954 (B)when Roger Bannister became the first person (C)to run a mile in less than 4 minutes, (D)he was finishing a race in Oxford, England in 3 minutes, 59.4 seconds.
※正解(D)。【解説】　he was → カット。可算名詞momentの前の冠詞a、whenの用法に問題はない。the first person to... で「……した初めての人」の意味。when節の主語と動詞はRoger Bannister becameなので、he wasは不要である。

'10. (A)Most medieval manor houses and monasteries were furnished (B)to a great hall, a main chamber (C)in which common meals were (D)taken.
※正解(B)。【解説】　to → with。be furnished to... に注目。「……が備え付けられている」という意味にするには、前置詞はtoではなくwithを用いる。

II. 時事英文
U.S. And Laos Combatting Illegal Drugs (その5：全5回シリーズ)
The Law Enforcement and Narcotics Section at the U.S. Embassy also manages assistance programs that benefit the Ministry of Justice, the Office of the Supreme Public Prosecutor, the Lao Bar Association, and the Lao Customs Department. Support for Lao Customs focuses on training in the interdiction of narcotics and other illegal contraband.

The United States is proud to work with its partner, Laos, in combating the threats posed by illegal narcotics to both nations, the East Asia region, and the world.

III - a. 雑知識
1. " claim credit / 自分の功績だと主張する "
A popular composer who falsely claimed credit for hit musical scores may have also faked his deafness that earned him the nickname "present-day Beethoven." は、全聾（ろう）の作曲家として知られる佐村河内守（さむらごうち・まもる）さんが別人に曲を作らせていた問題に関する AJW の記事から。

2. " handpick / 自分の都合で選ぶ、抜擢（ばってき）する "
NHK経営委員で安倍首相に近いとされる百田尚樹氏が演説のなかで「南京大虐殺はなかった」などと発言した。A Japan Broadcasting Corp. (NHK) governor handpicked by Prime Minister Shinzo Abe said the Nanking Massacre was a fabrication. は、AJW の記事から。

3. " sign language / 手話 "
ネルソン・マンデラ氏の追悼式で、弔辞を述べる来賓の手話通訳が、意味が通じない「手話」をしていた。A fake sign language interpreter took to the stage during the memorial for anti-apartheid leader Nelson Mandela. は、Reuters 通信の記事から。

4. " curry favor with / （人の）顔色をうかがう "
下村博文・文部科学相は講演で領土教育に関して「こういうのをおもねっていたら、背骨の入った教育ができない」と述べた。"If we try to curry favor with (neighboring nations) regarding such a problem, we could not provide education with backbone." は、The Asahi Shimbun AJW の記事から。

5. " contingent / 代表団、派遣団 "
Japan is sending 113 athletes to the Sochi Olympics, the largest contingent sent abroad for the Winter Games. は、ソチ冬季五輪の日本選手団の編成が確定したことを伝えた AP 通信の記事から。選手113人（男子48人、女子65人）で、日本国外の冬季大会では史上最多。

III -b. ABCニュースから
Keyword 解説ABCニュースは、自動車同士で情報をやり取りすることによって
事故を防ぐ新技術について伝えています。

ABC's David Kerley shows us how it works.
「ABCのリポーターが仕組みを説明する」。

キーワードは、how it works「仕組み」。
直訳すれば「どのように動くか、作用するか、役に立つか」。
vehicle to vehicle technologyはV2Vと省略されることもあり、
「車両間」で通信を行う技術。
自動車同士で速度や位置、方向などの情報を
transmit「通信」し合います。

ABCニュースは、すべての車にこの技術を導入することを
アメリカ政府が検討していると伝えています。

今回のキーワードは、how it works「仕組み」です。

And now, imagine your car avoiding a crash
車両同士が通信することで事故を防げるとしたら？
by talking to the other cars around you. Today, the US government said
次に車を買うときには搭載されている技術かもしれない
there is a new technology they want you to have, .maybe by the time
you buy your next car.
　
ABC's David Kerley shows us how it works.
その仕組みを紹介する
　
The government plans to require that every new car have vehicle to vehicle technology, a new rule in place by the end of 2016.
米政府が2016年末までに導入義務化を計画しているのが車両間通信技術
　
　
Here's how it would work. Ten times every second, your car will transmit its speed,
direction and other information.
毎秒10回 速度や進行方向などの情報を周辺車両に発信する仕組みだ
　
And it will receive the same information from cars around it.
周辺車両からも同様に受け取る
　
So, if someone is braking hard several cars in front of you, coming around a corner or
trying to pass another vehicle, you will get a warning.
例えば数台前の車の急ブレーキや-追い越しをしている車がいる場合に警告音が鳴る
　
A plan that could cut accidents by 80%.
事故が8割減る見込みだ

IV. Jokes
'a. Why Do We Tell Actors…
Why do we tell actors to "break a leg?"
Because every play has a cast.

'b. Drive-Thru
I decided to grab a burger at a drive-thru. There were no cars in sight, so I rolled up to the pay window. "We're still serving breakfast. And you have to order at the speaker," the clerk scolded.
I drove all the way around the building to the squawk box and ordered a breakfast sandwich. "I'm sorry," she said, "we are now serving lunch."

'c. Acceptance
The day I knew my in-laws had finally accepted me:
As we pulled into their driveway, my father-in-law was on the phone. "Oh, I have to run," he told the person on the other end. "My daughter-in-law and her husband just arrived."


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