資料No. ： NS131113 

I-1 TOEIC, TOEFL練習問題
(1) TOEIC
1. Part V ; Incomplete Sentence練習問題
The Department of Natural Resources is committed to investigating citizen reports of illegal ------- of solid waste.
(A) destroying　(B) dumping　(C) spending　(D) throwing

2. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題
They set such a high quota that _______ of the workers could meet the standards.
(A) most　 (B) a lot　 (C) all　 (D) none

3. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題
Many AIDS experts voiced skepticism _______ the vaccine would actually prevent HIV infection in very many people.
(A) about whether　 (B) on which　 (C) only because　 (D) in case

4. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題
_______ of cultural differences, what is your take on those computer software commercials that came in from the U.S.?
(A) Spoken　 (B) Speaking　 (C) In speech　 (D) The speech

5. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題
If Miss Green _______ me some notice, I could have prepared the room for her arrival.
(A) would give　 (B) had given　 (C) has given　 (D) gave

(2) TOEFL
1. 空所補充問題
Proponents of cosmetic surgery construe it ----- an effective solution to problems of low self esteem.
(A) for　(B) to　(C) as　(D) of

2. 空所補充問題
According to the theory of economic "hollowing", a nation's economy is weakened when it ----- greater growth in service industries than in manufacturing industries.
(A) experience　(B) experiences　(C) to experience　(D) experiencing

3. 空所補充問題
Scientists now believe that somewhere on earth there ----- a catastrophic impact with an asteroid about 65 million years ago.
(A) must　(B) must be　(C) must have　(D) must have been

4. 空所補充問題
The first sporting event to be filmed was a boxing match ----- Jack Cushing and Mike Leonard in 1894, shot by Thomas Edison himself.
(A) in　(B) over　(C) through　(D) between

5. 空所補充問題
The pristine waters of Antarctica were fouled by an oil spill in 1989 for the first time ----- history.
(A) on　(B) in　(C) at　(D) of

6. 正誤問題
(A)For obvious reasons, it is considered (B)unethical for a student to have someone else (C)to write his or her term (D)papers.

7. 正誤問題
Trees are (A)the important part of the ecosystem, (B)since (C)they absorb the carbon dioxide (D)emitted by animals, and emit the oxygen animals need.

8. 正誤問題
(A)Almost doctors recommend (B)that patients avoid (C)indulging in smoking, excessive drinking and (D)a diet high in salt, sugar and fat.

9. 正誤問題
Ancient Greek (A)chronicler Herodotus traveled (B)to the far (C)reaches of the known world of the time and recorded (D)vast amount of information.

10. 正誤問題
Numerologists claim to (A)be able to judge character and (B)foretelling the future (C)through mathematical analysis of (D)known events.

I-2 TOEIC, TOEFL 練習問題解答
(1) TOEIC
1. Part V ; Incomplete Sentence練習問題
The Department of Natural Resources is committed to investigating citizen reports of illegal ------- of solid waste.
(A) destroying　(B) dumping　(C) spending　(D) throwing
訳；自然資源局が力を入れていて調査しているのは、ごみの不法投棄に関する市民からの報告だ。
※正解(B)。解説 直前のillegal（不法な）と直後のof solid waste（固形廃棄物の）の両方に修飾される語として選択肢の中で最もふさわしいのは、dumping（投棄）です。

2. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題
They set such a high quota that _______ of the workers could meet the standards.
(A) most　 (B) a lot　 (C) all　 (D) none
訳； 非常に高い割り当てを与えられて、労働者は1人もその基準を満たすことができなかった。
※正解(D)。 《解説》such 〜 that ...「とても〜なので、…」に注意して文の意味をしっかり押さえること。a high quotaは「高い割り当て」、meet the standardsは「基準を満たす」。「高い割り当てなので、だれも基準を満たせない」という意味にするのが自然。none of the workers 〜は「労働者の1人として〜しない」の全否定の表現。

3. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題
Many AIDS experts voiced skepticism _______ the vaccine would actually prevent HIV infection in very many people.
(A) about whether　 (B) on which　 (C) only because　 (D) in case
訳； 多くのエイズの専門家がそのワクチンに対して、実際に多くの人々のHIV感染を防ぐことができるかどうか疑問を投げかけた。
※正解(A)。 《解説》skepticism「懐疑」に着目して、「〜かどうか懐疑を表明した」の意味で文を作る。Aを選ぶことになるが、whetherはaboutの目的語になる名詞節を作る接続詞。vaccine「ワクチン」、HIV infection「HIV（ウィルスによる）感染」
《選択肢》(C) のonly becauseは「ただ〜のために」、(D) のin caseは「〜の場合に」の意味。

4. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題
_______ of cultural differences, what is your take on those computer software commercials that came in from the U.S.?
(A) Spoken　 (B) Speaking　 (C) In speech　 (D) The speech
訳； 文化の違いと言えば、アメリカから来た例のコンピュータ・ソフトウェアのコマーシャルをあなたはどう思いますか。
※正解(B)。 《解説》慣用的な独立分詞構文の問題。ここで「文化の違い (cultural differences) と言えば、…」と冒頭の部分で話題を提示している。(B) を選んでSpeaking of 〜とする。なお、Talking of 〜と言っても同じ。your take on 〜は「〜に対するあなたの受け取り方（口語）」。慣用句としては、Strictly speaking「厳密に言えば」、 Frankly speaking「率直に言えば」などもよく見る表現。

5. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題
If Miss Green _______ me some notice, I could have prepared the room for her arrival.
(A) would give　 (B) had given　 (C) has given　 (D) gave
訳； もしグリーンさんが来ることを知らせてくれていたなら、私は彼女に部屋を用意しておくことができただろう。
※正解(B)。《解説》過去の事実に反することを仮定して言う仮定法過去完了の文。主節はI could have prepared the room for 〜「私は〜のために部屋を用意しておくことができただろう」と仮定法過去完了なので、If節もこれに合わせて「had＋過去分詞」の形で作る。

(2) TOEFL
1. 空所補充問題
Proponents of cosmetic surgery construe it ----- an effective solution to problems of low self esteem.
(A) for　(B) to　(C) as　(D) of
※正解(C)。【解説】　construe〜as ... で「〜を…ｂ…と解釈する」の意味になる。proponent「支持者」、self esteem「自尊心」。

2. 空所補充問題
According to the theory of economic "hollowing", a nation's economy is weakened when it ----- greater growth in service industries than in manufacturing industries.
(A) experience　(B) experiences　(C) to experience　(D) experiencing
※正解(B)。【解説】　空所にはwhen節の動詞が入ることになるので(B) experiencesが正解となる。hollowing「空洞化」。

3. 空所補充問題
Scientists now believe that somewhere on earth there ----- a catastrophic impact with an asteroid about 65 million years ago.
(A) must　(B) must be　(C) must have　(D) must have been
※正解(D)。【解説】　文末のabout 65 million years agoからわかるように空所には過去の出来事を表す語句が入るはずである。(D) must have beenを空所に入れれば「隕石による壊滅的な衝突があったに違いない」という意味になる。

4. 空所補充問題
The first sporting event to be filmed was a boxing match ----- Jack Cushing and Mike Leonard in 1894, shot by Thomas Edison himself.
(A) in　(B) over　(C) through　(D) between
※正解(D)。【解説】　空所の後にandを挟んでJack CushingとMike Leonardが並んでいる点に注目。正解は(D) betweenである。

5. 空所補充問題
The pristine waters of Antarctica were fouled by an oil spill in 1989 for the first time ----- history.
(A) on　(B) in　(C) at　(D) of
※正解(B)。【解説】　for the first time in historyで「歴史上で初めて」の意味になる。pristine「自然のままの、原始時代の」、foul「汚す」。

6. 正誤問題
(A)For obvious reasons, it is considered (B)unethical for a student to have someone else (C)to write his or her term (D)papers.
※正解(C)。【解説】　to write → write/writing。前置詞for、unethical「非倫理的な」の用法に問題はない。「have+人+動詞原形」で「（人に）させる、してもらう」の意味になるのでtoは必要ない。この場合のpaper「レポート、論文」は可算名詞である。

7. 正誤問題
Trees are (A)the important part of the ecosystem, (B)since (C)they absorb the carbon dioxide (D)emitted by animals, and emit the oxygen animals need.
※正解(A)。【解説】　the → an。「一部分」を表す場合にはthe part ofではなくa part ofを用いる。接続詞since、treesを受けるtheyの用法に問題はない。emitted by ... の前にはthat/which isが略されている。ecosystem「生態系」、carbon dioxide「二酸化炭素」、emit「放出する」。

8. 正誤問題
(A)Almost doctors recommend (B)that patients avoid (C)indulging in smoking, excessive drinking and (D)a diet high in salt, sugar and fat.
※正解(A)。【解説】　Almost → Most。文頭のAlmostに注目。「ほとんどの ... は」と言う場合には、AlmostではなくMostを用いる。indulge in ... 「……にふける、おぼれる」。

9. 正誤問題
Ancient Greek (A)chronicler Herodotus traveled (B)to the far (C)reaches of the known world of the time and recorded (D)vast amount of information.
※正解(D)。【解説】　vast → a vast。chronicler「年代記作者」、traveled to ... 「 ……に旅した」に問題はない。この場合のreachは名詞でfar reachesで「はるか彼方」の意味。amount「量」は可算名詞なのでvastの前には冠詞aが必要である。

10. 正誤問題
Numerologists claim to (A)be able to judge character and (B)foretelling the future (C)through mathematical analysis of (D)known events.
※正解(B)。【解説】　foretelling → foretell。be able toに問題はない。foretellingはjudge同様be able toの後に続いているのでここではforetellingではなく原形foretellを用いる。throughは「……によって」、knownは「既知の」という意味。numerologists「数占い師」。

II. 時事英文
Preserving Internet Freedom (その2：全5回シリーズ)
Acting Deputy Assistant Secretary of State Scott Busby of the Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights and Labor remarked, "More than two billion people are now connected to the internet, but in the next 20 years, that number will more than double."

The United States supports the multi-stakeholder model of Internet governance, on display at the IGF. This model allows inclusive, cooperative efforts to empower users and further enable innovation free from arbitrary intergovernmental control.

III - a. 雑知識
01. " voice vote / 発声投票 "
米上院外交委員会は、オバマ大統領が次期駐日大使に指名したキャロライン・ケネディ氏の就任を全会一致で承認した。By voice vote, the Foreign Relations Committee endorsed President Barack Obama's choice. は、AP 通信の記事から。

02. " trickle / したたる、ぽたぽた落ちる "
大相撲秋場所で横綱白鵬が左まゆを切る気迫の相撲で稀勢の里を下し、千秋楽を待たずに４連覇を果たした。With blood trickling down his face, yokozuna Hakuho defeated ozeki Kisenosato to win his fourth straight Emperor's Cup. は、The Asahi Shimbun AJWの記事から。

03. " spike / 突然の急上昇 "
A new report from an influential U.N. climate change panel predicts a spike in global temperatures and sea levels toward the end of the century. は、国連の気候変動に関する政府間パネル（IPCC）の報告書案に関する The Asahi Shimbun AJW の記事から。

04. "snap up / 〜を先を争って買う"
英国出身のファッションデザイナー、クリストファー・ベイリーが手がけたバーバリー製品が人気。British luxury goods maker Burberry said that shoppers snapped up spring/summer fashions designed by creative director Christopher Bailey. は、Reuters 通信の記事から。

05. " on the drawing board / 計画段階で "
Hitachi aims to win more contracts in Southeast Asia, where many railway projects are on the drawing board. は、日立製作所が今後、鉄道の新設が相次ぐ東南アジアでの受注拡大を目指していることを伝えた The Asahi Shimbun AJW の記事から。

III -b. 英語でどう言う？
「怒り」に関連した表現
問題　1　むくれた
パーティーで僕が例のかわいい女の子と話をして以来、ミキはむくれて口もきいてくれない。
Ever since I talked to that good-looking girl at the party, Miki has been ( ) and silent.
a. sulky b. stingy c. bulky d. chubby

問題　2　かんに障る
あの医者はいい人かもしれないが、話し方がしばしば私のかんに障る。
That doctor may be a nice guy, but the way he talks often rubs me the ( ) way.
a. rude b. painful c. straight d, wrong

問題　3　カッとなって
自分の彼氏と別の女性の浮気現場を目撃したマリは、カッとなって婚約を破棄した。
When she caught her boyfriend having an affair with another woman, Mari broke off her engagement in a ( ) of anger.
a. zoom b. bout c. fit d. attack

問題　4　口論をふっかける
会議で自分の企画が却下される度に、私の同僚は上司に口論をふっかける。
Every time his proposal is rejected in a meeting, my colleague ( ) a fight with his boss.
a. picks b. finds c. takes d. chooses

問題　5　怒鳴り込む
その酔っぱらいは、駅長室に怒鳴り込んで電車が遅れたことに文句を言った。
The drunken man ( ) into the stationmaster's office to complain about a train delay.
a. powered b. dumped c. scattered d. stormed

問題　6　食ってかかる
娘に昨日の晩はどこにいたのかを聞いたら、「ママの知ったことじゃないでしょ」と私に突然、食ってかかってきた。
When I asked my daughter where she was last night, she suddeenly ( ) on me, telling me it's none of my business.
a. twisted b. rounded c. turned d. wheeled

回答　1-a 2-d 3-c 4-a 5-d 6-c

III -c. Elementary Question
Question:
Many of the trees planted in castle grounds in Japan are pine trees. Why is that?
Answer: Because they could block an attacker's view and be used for fuel.
Pine trees have leaves even in winter so they are hard for an enemy to see through. The resin was used as fuel and the simmered bafk as food when a castle was under siege.

IV. Jokes
a. Buzz kill
A woman walked into the kitchen to find her husband stalking around with a fly swatter. "What are you doing?" she asked. "Hunting flies," he replied.
"Oh," she said. "Killing any?"
"Yep," he replied. "Three males, two females."
Intrigued, she asked: "How can you tell them apart?"
"Easy. Three were on a beer can, two were on the phone."

b. All in the delivery
Beside himself with panic, an expectant father shouts frantically down the phone, "My wife's having a baby and her contractions are only two minutes apart!"
"Is this her first child?" asks the doctor.
"No," shouts the Dad-to-be. "this is her husband."

c. Food for thought
My girlfriend is a vegetarian. She said that I'm not a real animal lover because I eat meat, and that if I would only eat lettuce, vegetables and grains.
I said, "If you really loved animals, you'd stop eating all their food."

d. The passage of time
Three men are deciding where to meet for lunch to celebrate their 40th birthdays. Finally they settled on the Ocean View restaurant, because the waitresses there are gorgeous.
Ten years later, at age 50, the friends once again discuss where they should meet for lunch. Finally it's agreed that they will dine at the Ocean View restaurant, because the food is good and the wine selection excellent.
Ten years later, at age 60, the friends again discuss where they should have lunch, and finally agree to meet at the Ocean View because they can dine in peace and quiet while looking at the beautiful view.
Ten years later, at age 70, the friends discuss where they should meet for lunch. The Ocean View is agreed upon because it has wheelchair access and a lift.
Ten years later, at age 80, the three men discuss where they should meet for lunch. Finally it's agreed that they will meet at the Ocean View because they have never been there before.


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