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資料No. ： NS131023
I-1 TOEIC, TOEFL練習問題
(1) TOEIC 1. Part V ; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 One of the biggest problems is the _______ of sufficient funding. (A) lack (B) desire (C) amount (D) needing 2. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Margaret could not meet Mr. Smith at the station, so she _______ to the office instead. (A) has never been (B) has been (C) had not gone (D) had to go 3. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 You can count on John as a _______ spokesman for labor in the wage-raise negotiations. (A) season (B) seasonable (C) seasoned (D) seasonal 4. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 James rushed off to the sales meeting in _______ a hurry he forgot his documents. (A) such (B) that (C) order (D) what 5. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 The pressures that now drive recycling come _______ from companies, but from governments and voters. (A) straight (B) all (C) not (D) anywhere (2) TOEFL 1. 空所補充問題 If structural steel had been used to reinforce the dam, it ----- less likely to fail in an earthquake. (A) will be (B) is (C) would have been (D) be 2. 空所補充問題 The musical genre represented by religious songs known as spirituals emerged ----- the experience of African Americans during the era of slavery. (A) upon (B) as with (C) away with (D) out of 3. 空所補充問題 Saturn, the sixth planet from the Sun, is the second -----. (A) larger (B) largest (C) large (D) largely 4. 空所補充問題 The original habitat of the Indian tribes that banded together ----- the Abnaki confederacy included Maine and parts of New Brunswick and Quebec. (A) formed (B) to form (C) had formed (D) did form 5. 空所補充問題 Willa Cather, ----- her novels about Nebraska and the American Southwest, is considered by many to have been one of America's best novelists. (A) being for best known (B) for best knowing (C) best known for (D) being known best 6. 正誤問題 The archeological record is (A)rich in remains of the ships used by ancient (B)Greek and (C)Romans, but almost entirely (D)lacking in artifacts of small boats. 7. 正誤問題 (A)To avoid exposure to harmful ultraviolet (B)rays, always (C)wearing a hat when outdoors (D)on sunny days. 8. 正誤問題 Water (A)says to (B)be 'softened' (C)when minerals are removed (D)from so-called 'hard' water. 9. 正誤問題 The notion (A)that a prayer or sacrifice (B)by human worshippers can influence (C)a deity is inconsistent (D)in the notion of an omnipotent God. 10. 正誤問題 The (A)pursue of (B)short-sighted political goals rarely (C)leads to effective (D)structural economic reform. I-2 TOEIC, TOEFL 練習問題解答 (1) TOEIC 1. Part V ; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 One of the biggest problems is the _______ of sufficient funding. (A) lack (B) desire (C) amount (D) needing 訳； 最大の問題のひとつは充分な資金の不足です。 ※正解(A)。「不足」の意味になるものは lack しかありません。desire は「欲求」、amount は「量」、needing については、need だけであれば、in need of ... の形で、「…を必要としている」という意味があります。 2. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Margaret could not meet Mr. Smith at the station, so she _______ to the office instead. (A) has never been (B) has been (C) had not gone (D) had to go 訳； マーガレットは駅でスミス氏に会うことができなかったので、代わりにオフィスまで行かなければならなかった。 ※正解(D)。 《解説》「駅で会うことができなかったので、その代わりに〜」という内容をよく留意して、空所に入れる語を選ぶこと。(D) を選べば「代わりにオフィスまで行かなければならなかった」という意味になり適当。 《選択肢》(A) の has never been (to 〜）は「（〜へ）行ったことがない」、(B) の has been (to 〜）は「（〜へ）行ったことがある」 3. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 You can count on John as a _______ spokesman for labor in the wage-raise negotiations. (A) season (B) seasonable (C) seasoned (D) seasonal 訳； 賃上げ交渉の際、労働者側の経験豊かな代弁者としてあなたがたはジョンを頼りにできる。 ※正解(C)。《解説》空所に入れる語でspokesman「代弁者」を修飾させて名詞句を作ることになる。すなわち、count on John as 〜（名詞句）で「ジョンを〜として頼りにする」という表現を完成させる。(C) のseasonedは「経験豊かな、熟した」という意味の形容詞。 《選択肢》seasonable「（天候）季節にふさわしい」, seasonal「季節的な」 4. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 James rushed off to the sales meeting in _______ a hurry he forgot his documents. (A) such (B) that (C) order (D) what 訳； ジェームズはあまりに急いで営業会議に出かけたので、書類を忘れてきた。 ※正解(A)。 《解説》James rushed off to the sales meeting「ジェームズは急いで営業会議に出かけた」という文とhe forgot his documents「ジェームズは書類を忘れた」という2つの文をうまく結べるかどうか。suchを選んで、such 〜 that ...「あまりにも〜なので…」の相関表現（thatはhurryとheの間で省略）を作れば、内容的にも適当である。 《選択肢》in order (that) 「（that以下）のために」 5. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 The pressures that now drive recycling come _______ from companies, but from governments and voters. (A) straight (B) all (C) not (D) anywhere 訳； 今ではリサイクルを促す圧力は、企業からではなく、行政や投票者から来る。 ※正解(C)。《解説》文の内容はリサイクル運動に駆り立てる圧力はどこから来るかということ。ポイントは接続詞のbutで、from companiesとfrom governments and votersとがbutを用いた相関表現の中で対比的に述べられている。結論は (C) を選んで、not 〜 but ...「〜ではなくて…」の形にする。 《選択肢》straight「真っすぐに」、anywhere「どこかに」 (2) TOEFL 1. 空所補充問題 If structural steel had been used to reinforce the dam, it ----- less likely to fail in an earthquake. (A) will be (B) is (C) would have been (D) be ※正解(C)。【解説】 If節にhad been used... が使われているので、空所にwould have beenを入れれば仮定法過去完了の文ができあがる。reinforce「強化する」。 2. 空所補充問題 The musical genre represented by religious songs known as spirituals emerged ----- the experience of African Americans during the era of slavery. (A) upon (B) as with (C) away with (D) out of ※正解(D)。【解説】 emergeの意味は「出現する、現れる」である。この後にout ofを続ければ「……の経験から出てきた」の意味になる。 3. 空所補充問題 Saturn, the sixth planet from the Sun, is the second -----. (A) larger (B) largest (C) large (D) largely ※正解(B)。【解説】 the secondの後に最上級largestを入れると「２番目に大きい」という意味になる。 4. 空所補充問題 The original habitat of the Indian tribes that banded together ----- the Abnaki confederacy included Maine and parts of New Brunswick and Quebec. (A) formed (B) to form (C) had formed (D) did form ※正解(B)。【解説】 問題文の動詞はincludedである。したがって、formed, had formed, did formは使えない。正解は(B) to formである。habitat「居住地」、band together「集団を形成する、結束する」。 5. 空所補充問題 Willa Cather, ----- her novels about Nebraska and the American Southwest, is considered by many to have been one of America's best novelists. (A) being for best known (B) for best knowing (C) best known for (D) being known best ※正解(C)。【解説】 knownの後に名詞her novels ... を続けることはできないので(A)は不可。for best knowing、being known bestでは意味が通らない。正解は(C) best known for「もっともよく知られている」である。 6. 正誤問題 The archeological record is (A)rich in remains of the ships used by ancient (B)Greek and (C)Romans, but almost entirely (D)lacking in artifacts of small boats. ※正解(B)。【解説】 Greek → Greeks。単数形Greekと複数形Romansが並んでいる。どちらかが間違っている。「ギリシャ、ローマの人々」の意味にするにはGreeks and Romansと複数形にしなくてはいけない。 7. 正誤問題 (A)To avoid exposure to harmful ultraviolet (B)rays, always (C)wearing a hat when outdoors (D)on sunny days. ※正解(C)。【解説】 wearing → wear。目的を表すto不定詞、ultraviolet rays「紫外線」に問題はない。wearingのままでは、この文の動詞がないことになる。ここはwearを用いて命令形にする。on sunny days「晴れた日には」。 8. 正誤問題 Water (A)says to (B)be 'softened' (C)when minerals are removed (D)from so-called 'hard' water. ※正解(A)。【解説】 says → is said。Water says ... は明らかにおかしい。Water is said to be... にすれば「水は……だと言われている」の意味になる。hard water「硬水」。 9. 正誤問題 The notion (A)that a prayer or sacrifice (B)by human worshippers can influence (C)a deity is inconsistent (D)in the notion of an omnipotent God. ※正解(D)。【解説】 in → with。接続詞that、前置詞byの用法に問題はない。この場合のdiety「神」は可算名詞である。be inconsistent「一致しない」の後に来る前置詞はinではなくwithである。omnipotent「全能の」。 10. 正誤問題 The (A)pursue of (B)short-sighted political goals rarely (C)leads to effective (D)structural economic reform. ※正解(A)。【解説】 pursue → pursuit。文頭のpursue「追求する」は動詞である。ここは名詞pursuitを使わなくてはいけない。 II. 時事英文 Kerry At ASEAN Ministerial Meeting (その3：全4回シリーズ) "The ASEAN Expanded Economic Engagement Initiative, known as E3, is a framework for economic cooperation that will create new business opportunities and new jobs on both sides of the Pacific," Secretary Kerry said. "Another of our goals is, obviously, peace and security . . . Our shared security is a prerequisite for our shared prosperity," Secretary Kerry said. "This is going to require respect for international law and unimpeded lawful commerce in the South China Sea. And that's why China and ASEAN should move as swiftly as possible to reach a binding code of conduct for addressing disputes without threats, without coercion, and without use of force." "The relationships between our countries are only going to be as strong as the relationships between our citizens," Secretary Kerry said. "[The] third priority . . . is stronger people-to-people ties." III - a. 雑知識 01. " rack up / （損失などを）計上する " 日本の貿易収支が2012年11月までに６兆円を超えた。Japan racked up more than 6 trillion yen in trade deficits in the first 11 months of 2012. は、The Asahi Shimbun AJWの記事から。 02. " on equal footing with / 〜と対等の立場で " 安倍政権は内閣情報局の新設を検討している。トップになる「内閣情報監」は、国家安全保障局長などと同格に位置づける。Director of the new Cabinet intelligence bureau would be on equal footing with other high-ranking officials handling national security matters. は、AJWの記事から。 03. " thwart / （計画や目的の達成などを）妨げる、阻止する " キャメロン英首相が議会の過半数の反対を受け、米国と連携したシリアへの武力行使を断念した。Prime Minister David Cameron's plans for joining a potential military strike on Syria were thwarted. は、Reuters 通信の記事から。 04. " hurt / 損害・打撃を与える " 中東からのエネルギー輸出は、シェールガスの増産に沸く米国の影響で打撃を受けている。Energy exports from the Middle East have been hurt by the increased production of shale gas and oil in the United States. は、The Asahi Shimbun AJW の記事から。 05. saddled with / （重荷などを）負わされる " Saddled with hefty public debt, Japan had been cutting its defense spending in recent years. は、日本の借金残高が１千兆円を超す中、防衛費が毎年減り続けていることに言及した Reuters 通信の記事から。 III -b. 英語でどう言う？ 「体調不良」に関係した表現 問題 1 体調が悪い 今日はかなり体調が悪いので、ゴルフを1ラウンドでもしたらダウンするよ。 I'm so out of ( ) today that one round of golf would about kill me. a. shape b. foundation c. bound d. step 問題 2 だるい 山登りは楽しかったけど、たくさん歩いたので足がだるいです。 I had fun hiking in the mountains, but I really walked a long way. My legs feel ( ). a. weight b. heavy c. dummy d. dizzy 問題 3 風邪をひく どうも風邪気味のようです。今夜は一杯やらずに家に帰ることにします。 I feel like I'm ( ) down with a cold. I think I should go home without stopping for a drink tonight. a. hopping b. driving c. coming d. facing 問題 4 寒気がする 他の同僚が暖かいと言っているのに寒気がするので、少し熱があると思います。 I think I have a slight fever because I feel ( ) though my colleagues say it's warm. a. bleak b. blizzard c. frosty d. chilly 問題 5 発疹ができる 息子は高熱を出して、体中に発疹ができました。 My son had a high fever and broke out in a ( ) all over his body. a. dimple b. goose c. spot d. rash 問題 6 点滴を受ける 祖母は2、3日の間、飲食ができなかったので点滴を受けていました。 My grandmother had been on a ( ) because she couldn't eat and drink a few days. a. drip b. pipe c. needle d. juice 回答 1-a 2-b 3-c 4-d 5-d 6-a III -c. Elementary Question Question: There are curries in various colors including red and black, but yellow curry is the most popular. What makes yellow curry yellow? Answer: Turmeric (ウコン) Turmeric is a plant of the ginger family and its roots are yellow. It is said to help digestion. IV. Jokes a. Not a good sign My little sister was learning to drive, and we were on the open road nearing the small town of Huntly in New Zealand when all of a sudden she began rapidly slowing down. "Debbie, what on earth are you doing?" asked Dad. "I'm slowing down," Debbie replied. "That speed sign said 27km to Huntly." I hate to think what she would have done if it had said 550km to Wellington. b. The cheap seats I wanted to buy tickets to a tap-dancing performance. Being on a budget, I was pleased when the girl behind the counter told me there were cheap tickets available, with only slightly restricted viewing. "What can't you see exactly?" I asked. Her reply/ "Just their feet." c. Access denied While lobbying for her very own computer, my 13-year-old niece asked her father, "When you were a kid, how old were you when you got your own computer?" "No-one really had computers when I was a kid," he said. She was aghast. "Then how did you get on the internet?" d. Putting your foot in it Our apprentice had a big night out and was running late the next day. I noticed him fidgeting with his work boot, so I asked him, "Duncan, what's the problem?" Replying that his sock was very uncomfortable, he took his boot off - only to discover that in his rush he'd accidentally put a sock on one foot and a globe on the other. e. Objection! I was in juvenile court, prosecuting a teen suspected of burglary, when the judge asked everyone to stand and state their name and role for the court reporter. "Leah Rauch, deputy prosecutor," I said. "Linda Jones, probation officer," "Sam Clark, public defender." "John," said the teen who was on trial. "I'm the one who stole the truck." f. Not drunk, handy During a spell of teaching by correspondence, I found I was really missing the show-and-tell aspect of teaching. So I started up an informal "chat page" in my first-year children's workbooks. My favorite piece from one of the children read: "We had a party last night and Daddy got drunk and broke a chair." Attached was a footnote from the father in question. It read: "I was not drunk. I was checking for white ants. Dad." |