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資料No. ： NS130925
I-1 TOEIC, TOEFL練習問題
I-2 TOEIC, TOEFL 練習問題解答(1) TOEIC 1. Part V ; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 She had the _______ to lock all the windows, as well as the doors, before leaving on her holiday. (A) hindsight (B) foresight (C) heedlessness (D) oversight 2. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 After a lengthy discussion we reached a _______ decision on the proposal. (A) unaired (B) unamiable (C) unanimous (D) infamous 3. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 I'm sorry to _______ your meeting, but there's an emergency call for you on line two. (A) erupt (B) abrupt (C) disrupt (D) bankrupt 4. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 If you have the answers before the meeting tomorrow, we'll be able to have a discussion and _______ a step forward. (A) give (B) talk (C) walk (D) take 5. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 The tables are set a good distance apart so it is possible to _______ an intimate conversation. (A) get (B) have (C) take (D) go 6. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Mr. White _______ the best out of his salesmen with an incentive plan that offers very generous rewards. (A) gives (B) owns (C) gets (D) pays 7. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 No matter _______ long it takes to finish the annual report, it must be done. (A) though (B) how (C) however (D) what (2) TOEFL 1. 空所補充問題 The boll weevil is an agricultural pest ----- can have a devastating effect on agriculture, especially cotton crops. (A) it (B) what (C) that (D) they 2. 空所補充問題 In most cultures, special laws that apply only to crimes committed by children and young teens -----. (A) have been established (B) being established have (C) having been established (D) have established being 3. 空所補充問題 ----- a water-dwelling dinosaur-like 'monster' lives in the Scottish lake of Loch Ness. (A) That some believing it (B) That some believe it (C) That it is believed by some (D) It is believed by some that 4. 空所補充問題 The Chicago Daily News was founded in 1876 by Elijah Melville Stone, who was one of the greatest newspaper reporters and editors ----- time. (A) to the (B) of his (C) onto its (D) at our 5. 空所補充問題 In addition to his other achievements, Edgar Allan Poe is known ----- the first master of the short story format. (A) for (B) as (C) from (D) with 6. 正誤問題 (A)Not all citizens of a country are (B)ordinary allowed (C)to cast ballots (D)in general elections. 7. 正誤問題 Luzon is the (A)largest of the Philippine islands, and (B)features an irregular coastline (C)that (D)include the well-sheltered Manila Bay. 8. 正誤問題 In poetry, (A)meter refers to the pattern (B)formed by the rhythms (C)created when the words are spoken or (D)sang. 9. 正誤問題 Droughts and water shortages have been (A)a part of life in the southwestern United States (B)every since Europeans (C)first began to settle (D)there. 10. 正誤問題 Optical distortions of light (A)passing through the atmosphere can (B)lead to a discrepancy (C)between the apparent position of a star and (D)their true position. (1) TOEIC 1. Part V ; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 She had the _______ to lock all the windows, as well as the doors, before leaving on her holiday. (A) hindsight (B) foresight (C) heedlessness (D) oversight 訳； 彼女は用心深いことに、休暇で家をあける前にドアにも窓にもすべてかぎをかけた。 ※正解(B)。【着眼点】彼女が持ちあわせていたものが空所で、その具体的中身が to 以下。「〜するような、そんな __ 」ということ。休暇で家をあけるに先立って、ドアにも窓にもすべてかぎをしていくような人には何が備わっていると言えるか。foresight は foresee（前もって見越す；先見する）からきている（ → sight は see の名詞形）。先々のことを考えるところから foresight は「先見、見通し」の他に「将来への備え、用心深いこと」の意味にもなる。 2. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 After a lengthy discussion we reached a _______ decision on the proposal. (A) unaired (B) unamiable (C) unanimous (D) infamous 訳； 長い議論の後、我々はその提案に関する満場一致の決定を下した。 ※正解(C)。【着眼点】長い (lengthy) 議論の末に達した (reached) 決定［結論］ (decision) は、どのようなものであったか。unanimous の un- は uni- の変化形で「1つ」の意（ → uniform → 1つの形 → 「一様の」「制服」）。anim は「心」の意で -ous は形容詞語尾。したがって unanimous は「1つの心の」、つまり「全員異議のない、満場一致の」の意となる。（cf. magnanimous → 大きな（magn-）心の → 「度量の大きい、寛大な」） 3. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 I'm sorry to _______ your meeting, but there's an emergency call for you on line two. (A) erupt (B) abrupt (C) disrupt (D) bankrupt 訳； 会議中恐縮ですが、緊急のお電話が2番に入っております。 ※正解(C)。【着眼点】I'm sorry to ... と断りを入れている。できればしたくない事をせざるを得ない人の言葉で、それを行う対象は your meeting である。disrupt の dis- は元々はラテン語の duo （＝two） から来たもので、「2つに分かれて」の意であったが、そこから分離・除去・剥奪・反対・否定などの意へと拡大していった。rupt は break の意。したがって disrupt は → 「破って分け離す」 → 「引き裂く；（会議などの正常な進行）を妨げる」。 4. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 If you have the answers before the meeting tomorrow, we'll be able to have a discussion and _______ a step forward. (A) give (B) talk (C) walk (D) take 訳； 明日の会議前に解答が出れば、私たちは話し合って、もう少し処置を講じられるだろう。 ※正解(D)。【着眼点】stepは「（成功などへの）1歩, 進歩；（前進などのための）手段, 処置」の意味をもつ。ここではa stepの連結する動詞を探す。take a stepで「踏み出す、一歩踏み込む」。広くはtake stepsは「手段を講じる、手を打つ」の形で用いられる。連結する形容詞はimportant, decisive, bold, drastic, false, dangerousなど。 5. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 The tables are set a good distance apart so it is possible to _______ an intimate conversation. (A) get (B) have (C) take (D) go 訳； テーブルは適当な距離に配置されていて、親密な会話を楽しむことができる。 ※正解(B)。【着眼点】an intimate conversation「親密な会話」と結びつく動詞を探す。have [carry on, hold] a conversation with 〜で「〜と会話をする」の意味。 open [start] a conversation with 〜で「〜と会話を始める」の意味。「会話を止める」はbreak off a conversationと言う。 6. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Mr. White _______ the best out of his salesmen with an incentive plan that offers very generous rewards. (A) gives (B) owns (C) gets (D) pays 訳； ホワイトさんは、かなり割のいい報奨金を出す刺激策で、販売員に最善を尽くさせた。 ※正解(C)。【着眼点】the best out of 〜と結びつく動詞は何か。慣用表現の問題ということになるが、答えは(C)のgetsを選ぶ。get the best out of 〜で「〜の最高の状態を引き出す」という意味になる。an incentive planは「刺激策」。 【選択肢】make the best of 〜「〜を最大限に利用する」はよく使われる。 7. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 No matter _______ long it takes to finish the annual report, it must be done. (A) though (B) how (C) however (D) what 訳； どんなに長くかかっても、年次報告書を仕上げなければならない。 ※正解(B)。【着眼点】「No matter how+形容詞[副詞] 〜」（たとえどんなに〜でも）という譲歩の副詞節を作る。なお、これはNo matterを取って、 「However +形容詞[副詞] 〜」とも言い換えることできるが、この両者の形を混同しないように注意したい。 【選択肢】後ろにlongがあるので(D)のwhatを持ってくることは不可。 (2) TOEFL 1. 空所補充問題 The boll weevil is an agricultural pest ----- can have a devastating effect on agriculture, especially cotton crops. (A) it (B) what (C) that (D) they ※正解(C)。【解説】 空所の後にcan have... と動詞があるので、it、theyでは主語と動詞がダブルことになる。whatでは前後の文が結びつかない。関係代名詞thatを使えば文が成立する。boll weevil「メキシコワタノミゾウムシ」。 2. 空所補充問題 In most cultures, special laws that apply only to crimes committed by children and young teens -----. (A) have been established (B) being established have (C) having been established (D) have established being ※正解(A)。【解説】 special lawsがこの文の主語。thatからyoung teensまでは主語を修飾する節である。したがって、空所には動詞が入ることになるので、(B)と(C)は不可。have established beingの語順はどう見てもおかしい。正解は(A)。 3. 空所補充問題 ----- a water-dwelling dinosaur-like 'monster' lives in the Scottish lake of Loch Ness. (A) That some believing it (B) That some believe it (C) That it is believed by some (D) It is believed by some that ※正解(D)。【解説】 空所以下には主語(monster)と動詞(live)があるので、文頭にThatを使っている(A) (B) (C)では文が成立しない。正解は(D)。 4. 空所補充問題 The Chicago Daily News was founded in 1876 by Elijah Melville Stone, who was one of the greatest newspaper reporters and editors ----- time. (A) to the (B) of his (C) onto its (D) at our ※正解(B)。【解説】 「当時の」という意味にするにはどの語句を空所に入れればいいか。正解は(B)of hisである。 5. 空所補充問題 In addition to his other achievements, Edgar Allan Poe is known ----- the first master of the short story format. (A) for (B) as (C) from (D) with ※正解(B)。【解説】 be known for... は「……で有名（評判）である」の意味になる。ここはbe known as ... 「……として知られている」を用いる。 6. 正誤問題 (A)Not all citizens of a country are (B)ordinary allowed (C)to cast ballots (D)in general elections. ※正解(B)。【解説】 ordinary → ordinarily。Not all ... に問題はない。ordinaryは過去分詞allowedを修飾しているので、副詞ordinarilyにしなくてはいけない。be allowed to... 「 ……することを認める」。前置詞inの用法に誤りはない。cast ballots「投票する」。 7. 正誤問題 Luzon is the (A)largest of the Philippine islands, and (B)features an irregular coastline (C)that (D)include the well-sheltered Manila Bay. ※正解(D)。【解説】 include → includes。includeは関係代名詞thatの先行詞であるan irregular coastlineに呼応してincludesとしなければならない。 8. 正誤問題 In poetry, (A)meter refers to the pattern (B)formed by the rhythms (C)created when the words are spoken or (D)sang. ※正解(D)。【解説】 sang → sung。meter「韻律」に冠詞は必要ない。formed byとcreatedの前にはそれぞれthat/which isとthat/which areが略されている。spokenから分かるようにsangは過去分詞sungにしなければならない。 9. 正誤問題 Droughts and water shortages have been (A)a part of life in the southwestern United States (B)every since Europeans (C)first began to settle (D)there. ※正解(B)。【解説】 every → ever。a part of... 「……の一部」。everyの後にsinceが来ているので、ここではeveryではなくeverを使う。副詞first、thereに問題はない。 10. 正誤問題 Optical distortions of light (A)passing through the atmosphere can (B)lead to a discrepancy (C)between the apparent position of a star and (D)their true position. ※正解(D)。【解説】 their → its。passing throughとlead to、between... andに問題はない。theirは前のa starのことを指しているのでitsにしなくてはならない。 II. 時事英文 U.S. Sanctions Terrorists (その5：全6回シリーズ) Under Secretary for Terrorism and Financial Intelligence David S. Cohen said the Treasury Department's "action strikes at the heart of the financial and logistical support network that abuses charitable donations and provides essential services for various terrorist groups including al-Qa'ida, Lashkar-e Tayyiba, and the Taliban. These networks provide the fighters, training, and supplies for these terrorist groups to carry out their acts of violence against coalition forces and civilians alike." III - a. 雑知識 01. " at the helm of / 〜の実権を握っている " ジンバブエの大統領選でムガベ大統領が当選を果たした。Africa's oldest leader, Zimbabwe's Robert Mugabe, 89, now has five more years at the helm of the southern African nation he has already ruled for 33 years. は、Reuters 通信の記事から。 02. " political fallout from / 〜が政治に及ぼす副次的影響 " Japanese government officials were moving to contain the political fallout from the helicopter crash. は、沖縄の米軍ヘリコプター墜落事故に関する The Asahi Shimbun AJW の記事から。 03. " wipe out / 〜を廃絶させる " 広島への原爆投下から68年を迎えた平和記念式典で、安倍晋三首相は核兵器のない世界を実現していく責務があると述べた。Prime Minister Shinzo Abe said that as the sole country to face nuclear attack, Japan has the duty to seek to wipe out nuclear weapons. は、AP 通信の記事から。 04. " appeal against a decision / 判決を不服として上訴する " 禁止薬物規定違反に関する大リーグの調査に対し、アレックス・ロドリゲス選手は異議を申し立てる意向。Alex Rodriguez said he would appeal against Major League Baseball's decision to ban him for doping. は、Reuters 通信の記事から。 05. " compelling / 人の心をつかんで離さない " 広島を訪れた米国の映画監督オリバー・ストーン氏は、平和記念資料館にある「人影の石」が記憶に残ったという。The filmmaker said one of the most compelling exhibits at the museum was the "human shadow etched in stone." は、The Asahi Shimbun AJW の記事から。 III -b. 英語でどう言う？ 「不満、怒り」に関する表現 問題 1 ふてくされる ヒロシはすべて自分の思い通りにならないと、ふてくされる。 Hiroshi gets ( ) when he doesn't get his way in everything. a. sulky b. clumsy c. dusty d. rusty 問題 2 かっとなって その夫婦は昨晩、大げんかをした。妻はかっとなって、夫に灰皿を投げつけた。 The couple had a big fight last night. In a ( ) of anger, the wife threw an ashtray at her husband. a. frequency b. spur c. subject d. fit 問題 3 不満のはけ口 ケンジは競馬で負ける度に、深酒に不満のはけ口を求める。 Every time he loses money at the horse races, Kenji drinks heavily as an ( ) for his frustration. a. outfit b. outlet c. outcome d. outbreak 問題 4 (怒りを)人にぶちまける 試合に負けた後、投手は送球エラーをした遊撃手に怒りをぶちまけた。 After losing the game, the pitcher ( ) his anger out on the shortstop who made a throwing error. a. powered b. moved c. took d. grabbed 問題 5 叱られる 算数の試験でまた悪い点を取ってしまった。両親に叱られるのが怖いよ。 I got a bad grade on the math exam again. I'm afraid of getting a ( ) down from my parents. a. rolling b. crushing c. pressing d. dressing 問題 6 〜の機嫌を損ねる 上司の機嫌を損ねるなよ。彼はずっと根に持つタイプだからね。 Don't get on thew ( ) side of the boss. He is the type of man who holds a grudge foever. a. upper b. other c. wrong d. dark 回答 1-a 2-d 3-b 4-c 5-d 6-c III -c. Elementary Question Question: The Southeast Asian country of the Philippines flies its national flag upside down when a matter of great national importance arises. In what circumstances does it do that? Answe: In times of war Ordinarily the flag is displayed with the blue strip which represents "peace" on top, but when the country is in a state of war it's shown with the red strip which means "courage" and "patriotism" on top. IV. Jokes a. Gambler's tip On a stopover in Las Vegas recently, my wife and I were queuing at our hotel check-in desk when the man waiting in front of us waved to catch the attention of a large security guard. In a loud stage whisper, and glancing in the general direction of of the brightly lit banks of poker machines, he asked, "Hey, buddy, can you tell us which one of these machines pays out?" Without batting an eyelid, the guard replied helpfully, "Yes sir I can." Now that he suddenly had everyone's attention, the guard slowly raised one outstretched hand before declaring, "That one over there pays out every time." As we all craned our necks around to look, it took only a moment to realise he was pointing at the lobby's ATM. b. Plane crazy When passengers complain, flight attendants listen. Here are some of the more bizarre things they've heard: ? One attendant was asked if she could turn down the noise of the engines as they were too loud. ? Midflight, a passenger asked if I could crack open a window bacause it was too stuffy. ? A man who didn't like our food service suggested I arrange it buffet style so that passengers could help themselves. c. Domestic god On reaching work one day, my sister-in-law couldn't remember if she'd unplugged the iron. So she rang my laid-back brother. "Could you unplug the iron if I left it plugged in? she said. Sure," he replied. Then he asked, "What does it look like?" d. Reality TV Because lunar eclipse was scheduled for that evening, I told my students that their homework assignment was to go look at it. One of them asked, "What channel is it on?" |