|
資料No. ： NS130904
I-1 TOEIC, TOEFL練習問題
(1) TOEIC 1. Part V ; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 _______ he survived such a terrible accident is a mystery to us. (A) As (B) How (C) Though (D) Therefore 2. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 A man in a black coat _______ me of my wallet. (A) attacked (B) stole (C) robbed (D) asked 3. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 _______ our opinion, it would be better to ship them by air. (A) In (B) For (C) Of (D) As 4. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Your prompt _______ to our proposal would be highly appreciated. (A) respond (B) response (C) to respond (D) responded 5. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Let them _______ as they like. They'll never listen to us. (A) do (B) to do (C) to be doing (D) to have done 6. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 I was just about to leave home, _______ the phone rang. (A) that (B) why (C) when (D) at that time 7. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Your children have passed the age _______ they need to worry about such illnesses. (A) why (B) how (C) when (D) which (2) TOEFL 1. 空所補充問題 Carbon is an element ----- no known form of life would be possible. (A) unless with (B) without which (C) not with it (D) what is without 2. 空所補充問題 Ratings researchers monitor the television viewing habits of typical households to help them estimate ----- people watch a given program nationwide. (A) how many (B) how much of (C) of how many (D) many of the 3. 空所補充問題 Many of the world's central banks ----- entirely private-sector entities that attained official status after gradually becoming deeply involved in government finance. (A) had them (B) they were (C) did their (D) were once 4. 空所補充問題 Experimental evidence ----- that infants are not born with the ability to perceive the full spectrum of colors. (A) indicates (B) indicating (C) was indicated (D) is indicating 5. 空所補充問題 Fiber optic technology can be used not only to boost telecommunications speeds, ----- the effectiveness of medical treatment. (A) but improving (B) but to improve (C) but also improving (D) but also to improve 6. 正誤問題 (A)Unless it attains (B)a speed exceeding seven miles (C)in second, a spacecraft will not escape (D)the earth's gravitational pull. 7. 正誤問題 Pearls are the result of (A)a defensive reaction (B)among shellfish that protects (C)it from abrasive irritants (D)such as sand. 8. 正誤問題 (A)Because of (B)its resilience and bounce, cork (C)uses for the core of the standard baseball (D)used in most professional leagues. 9. 正誤問題 Ancient Egyptian physicians were renowned (A)throughout (B)the Mediterranean and Middle East (C)with (D)their skill. 10. 正誤問題 (A)The United States Bureau of Labor Statistics (B)have calculated Wholesale Price Index figures (C)dating (D)back to 1890. I-2 TOEIC, TOEFL 練習問題解答 (1) TOEIC 1. Part V ; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 _______ he survived such a terrible accident is a mystery to us. (A) As (B) How (C) Though (D) Therefore 訳； あんな大事故に遭いながら彼がどうやって助かったのか不思議だ。 ※正解(B)。 【着眼点】he survived such a terrible accidentは、これ自体が文として独立できる構造を備えており、その後には「is（Ｖ）＋a mystery（Ｃ）＋to us（副詞句）」という主語を欠く構造が続いている。このことから文頭にはhe ... accidentの節全体を主語として機能できる名詞節にまとめ上げる語が要求されているとわかる。そして、それが可能なのはhowだけである（ → how ... = いかにして…したかというその方法）。 2. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 A man in a black coat _______ me of my wallet. (A) attacked (B) stole (C) robbed (D) asked 訳； 黒いコートを着た男が私の財布を奪いました。 ※正解(C)。 「奪う、盗む」という意味の動詞が入るのではないかということは比較的容易に察しがつきます。だからといって、安易に(B)stole を選んではいけません。単語の用法が違うのです。動詞＋人＋ of ＋物の形をとる「奪う」でなければなりません。 3. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 _______ our opinion, it would be better to ship them by air. (A) In (B) For (C) Of (D) As 訳； 私たちの意見では、航空便で発送したほうがよいでしょう。 ※正解(A)。「私の意見では」という表現を、英語でそのまま覚えておくのが最も近道です。opinion に対しての前置詞が何になるのかを理屈で覚えようとしてもなかなか理解しきれるものではありません。 4. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Your prompt _______ to our proposal would be highly appreciated. (A) respond (B) response (C) to respond (D) responded 訳； 当社の提案に早急にお返事願えれば幸いです。 ビジネス・レターでよく使用される文です。 ※正解(B)。Your の後ろには名詞があることが予想されますが、prompt の品詞を見極めることがまず大切です。これが「迅速な」の意味の形容詞であることが分かれば、その後ろに名詞がこなければいけないことが明らかになります。 5. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Let them _______ as they like. They'll never listen to us. (A) do (B) to do (C) to be doing (D) to have done 訳； 彼らのしたいようにさせよう。私たちの言うことなんて聞かないだろうから。 ※正解(A)。「…させてあげる」の意味の使役動詞 let は、let ＋目的語＋原形動詞の形をとります。 6. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 I was just about to leave home, _______ the phone rang. (A) that (B) why (C) when (D) at that time 訳； ちょうど家を出ようとしていたそのときに、電話が鳴った。 ※正解(C)。【着眼点】選択肢のうちで、接続詞機能を有し、かつコンマを介して2つの節を連結できるのは非制限用法をもつ関係副詞のwhenのみである。なお、この場合のwhenは前の節全体を先行詞とする。be about to 〜 は「まさに［今にも］〜しようとしている」の意。 7. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Your children have passed the age _______ they need to worry about such illnesses. (A) why (B) how (C) when (D) which 訳； あなたのお子さんたちは、そういった病気を心配する年齢はもう過ぎました。 ※正解(C)。【着眼点】選択肢はすべて関係詞だが、先行詞がthe ageという「時」を表す名詞句であるから (A) と (B) は消える。次に、このthe ageを受けてthey need to worry about such illnessesの節にどう結びつけていくかだが、the ageという名詞句のままではどこにも差し込む適当な場所はない。したがって、名詞句だけの代用となる関係代名詞 (which) は不可。whenであれば「その年齢において［その年齢のときに］they need to以下である」が成立するのでうまくつながることになる。 (2) TOEFL 1. 空所補充問題 Carbon is an element ----- no known form of life would be possible. (A) unless with (B) without which (C) not with it (D) what is without ※正解(B)。【解説】 空所を挟んで２つの文が並列されている。後半の文の主語はno known form of lifeである。この前にwith, with it, withoutが来ては文が成立しなくなる。正解はwithout whichである。carbon「炭素」。 2. 空所補充問題 Ratings researchers monitor the television viewing habits of typical households to help them estimate ----- people watch a given program nationwide. (A) how many (B) how much of (C) of how many (D) many of the ※正解(A)。【解説】 可算名詞peopleの前にmuchは使えない。動詞estimateは前置詞ofを取ることはない。また、many of theを使う場合には、その前になんらかの接続詞が必要となる。正解は(A)である。 3. 空所補充問題 Many of the world's central banks ----- entirely private-sector entities that attained official status after gradually becoming deeply involved in government finance. (A) had them (B) they were (C) did their (D) were once ※正解(D)。【解説】 had themの後に名詞句が続くのはおかしい。they wereでは主語が重複すことになる。were onceを空所に入れれば意味が通る。attain「獲得する」。 4. 空所補充問題 Experimental evidence ----- that infants are not born with the ability to perceive the full spectrum of colors. (A) indicates (B) indicating (C) was indicated (D) is indicating ※正解(A)。【解説】 空所にはこの文の動詞（現在形）が入るのは明らか。したがって、(B)と(C)は除外できる。indicate「表す、示す」はここでは進行形にする必要はない。perceive「知覚する」、spectrum「スペクトル」。 5. 空所補充問題 Fiber optic technology can be used not only to boost telecommunications speeds, ----- the effectiveness of medical treatment. (A) but improving (B) but to improve (C) but also improving (D) but also to improve ※正解(D)。【解説】 not onlyとその後に不定詞toが来ている点に注目。空所にはそれを受けてbut also toが入ることになる。fiber optic technology「光ファイバーテクノロジー」、effectiveness「有効性」。 6. 正誤問題 (A)Unless it attains (B)a speed exceeding seven miles (C)in second, a spacecraft will not escape (D)the earth's gravitational pull. ※正解(C)。【解説】 in → per/a。接続詞Unlessと冠詞a、所有格the earth'sに問題はない。in secondではなくper/a secondにしなければ「毎秒」の意味にはならない。 7. 正誤問題 Pearls are the result of (A)a defensive reaction (B)among shellfish that protects (C)it from abrasive irritants (D)such as sand. ※正解(C)。【解説】 it → them。冠詞a、前置詞amongに問題はない。itは何を指しているのか。Pearlsである。したがって、itではなくthemにしなけらばならない。such as... 「……のような」、abrasive「すり減らす」、irritant「刺激物」。 8. 正誤問題 (A)Because of (B)its resilience and bounce, cork (C)uses for the core of the standard baseball (D)used in most professional leagues. ※正解(C)。【解説】 uses → is used。Because ofとcorkを指すitsに問題はない。文意からして、usesはis used（受け身）になるはずである。usedの前にはthat/which isが略されている。resilience「弾性」、bounce「反発力」。 9. 正誤問題 Ancient Egyptian physicians were renowned (A)throughout (B)the Mediterranean and Middle East (C)with (D)their skill. ※正解(C)。【解説】 with → for。be renowned for... 「……で有名である」を知っているかどうかがポイント。 10. 正誤問題 (A)The United States Bureau of Labor Statistics (B)have calculated Wholesale Price Index figures (C)dating (D)back to 1890. ※正解(B)。【解説】 have → has。Statisticsにつられてhaveとしてはいけない。この文の主語は単数The United States Bureau... である。 II. 時事英文 U.S. Sanctions Terrorists (その2：全6回シリーズ) The U.S. Treasury Department designated the Ganj Madrassa in Peshawar, Pakistan, because it serves as a terrorist training center where students, under the guise of religious studies, have been radicalized to conduct terrorist and insurgent activities. It is is controlled by designated al-Qa'ida facilitator Fazeel-A-Tul Shaykh Abu Mohammed Ameen Al-Peshawari, also known as Shaykh Aminullah. Shaykh Aminullah, himself, was designated by both the United States and United Nations (UN) in 2009 for providing material support to al-Qa'ida and the Taliban. III - a. 雑知識 01, " shelve / 棚上げする、取りやめる " 日産自動車はかつての大衆車「ダットサン」を新興国向け低価格車ブランドとして復活させた。Nissan introduced a new Datsun in India on July 15, three decades after shelving the brand that helped win Western acceptance of Japanese autos. は、AP 通信の記事から。 02. " standout / 傑出したもの " Boeing's stock was one of the standouts as the Standard & Poor's 500 index rose for an eighth straight day, its longest streak of gains since January. は、米国のS&P500種株価指数が７月15日に８営業日続伸となり、ボーイング株の上昇が目立ったことを伝えた AP 通信の記事から。 03. " bourse / 証券取引所 " 仏語に由来し stock exchange の意味。東京と大阪の両証券取引所は、株式市場を統合し、上場する企業の数で世界第３位の市場となった。The newly integrated Tokyo Stock Exchange became the world's third largest bourse by number of listed companies on July 16. は、The Asahi Shimbun AJW の記事から。 04. " cat-and-mouse game / いたちごっこ " Though no military clashes have occurred, the cat-and-mouse game has raised fears of escalation between Japan and China. は、尖閣諸島をめぐる日中間の対立が激化していることを伝えた AP 通信の記事から。 05. " rack one's brain / 知恵を絞る " JAL has racked its brains over its flight attendant uniform designs, which it sees as an essential tool for establishing its brand image. は、日本航空の客室乗務員の制服が一新されたことを伝えた AJW の記事から。「ブランドイメージを醸成する大切なツール」と考え、知恵を絞ったという。 III -b. 英語でどう言う？ 「四文字熟語を英語に置き換える」がテーマ 問題 1 一攫千金 妻は宝くじを買うのが大好きです。いつも一獲千金を夢見ています。 My wife loves to buy lottery tickets. She always dreams of making a ( ) at a stroke. a. blessing b. fortune c. trust d. fund 問題 2 起死回生 我がチームの主砲が7回裏に起死回生のホームランを放った。 The slugger on our team hit a homer in the bottom of the seventh inning to pull the game out of the ( ). a. earth b. fire c. wind d. water 問題 3 才色兼備 才色兼備のクミコは、社内で誰よりも早く昇進した。 Having both ( ) and beauty, Kumiko was promoted faster than anyone else in the company. a. accomplishment b. quick c. brains d, bind 問題 4 天下一品 新規オープンした中華料理店はとても人気です。チャーハンは天下一品です。 The newly opened Chinese restaurant is quite popular. The fried rice is just out of this ( ). a. world b. quarter c. corner d. place 問題 5 美辞麗句 あの政治家は演説で美辞麗句を並べたてた。 That politician used a lot of ( ) language in his speech. a. cleanly b. washing c. sluggish d. flowery 問題 6 針小棒大 上司の言うことをまともに受け止めちゃだめだよ。常に物事を針小棒大に言うからね。 You better not take what the boss says seriously. He always makes a ( ) out of a molehill. a. globe b. volcano c. mountain d. universe 回答 1-b 2-b 3-c 4-a 5-d 6-c III -c. Elementary Question Question: The flag of the South American country of Paraguay has a unique characteristic. It's easy to see when the flag is raised. What is it? Answer: Different designs on front and back The front bears the national coat of arms and its offdicial name "Republic of Paraguay" written in Spanish. The back bears the seal of a lion. It's rare for a national flag to have the official country name on it. IV. Jokes a. Light bulb moment Our lights were playing up, so we called an electrician. Our eight-year-old grandson was fascinated by this man, and sat observing his work very closely. Noticing his interest, the electrician said, "You can ask me anything, son." After thinking quietly for a few moments, our grandson said, "How fast can a giraffe run?" b. Describe your strength … I recently saw a notice in the paper from an airline company, inviting applications from suitable candidates to be trained as cabin crew. I was amused to notice that besides various academic and physical requirements, suitable candidates also had to be able to swim. c. Frosty reception A woman called our customer service department about her TV, which wouldn't switch on. "I'm sorry," I told her, "but we can't send a technician out today due to this blizzard." Unsatisfied, she barked, "I need my TV fixed today! What else am I supposed to do while there's a power blackout?" d. Dine-in takeaway At a recent dinner with some work colleagues, we waited and watched as the tables around us all were served their meals, although they'd ordered well after us. Finally, one of my workmates called the waitress to our table. " I know you're all busy," he said, "so you don't mind if we send out for pizza, do you?" Our meals were in front of us minutes later. |