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資料No. ： NS130821
I-1 TOEIC, TOEFL練習問題
(1) TOEIC 1. Part V ; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 I am currently studying French in the hope that my boss will _______ me to transfer to the Paris branch. (A) let (B) give (C) make (D) allow 2. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 I would rather _______ to the party tonight. (A) not to go (B) to not go (C) not going (D) not go 3. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 During my college years, I would often stay up all night _______ political issues with my roommate. (A) discuss (B) debating (C) being debated (D) discussing about 4. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 My dentist always stresses the importance of getting my teeth _______ regularly. (A) cleaned (B) cleaning (C) to clean (D) to be cleaned 5. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 We are in receipt of a check _______ by the Bank of Tokyo. (A) having issued (B) to issue (C) issuing (D) issued 6. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 She was _______ good typist that we hated to see her leave. (A) so (B) such (C) a very (D) such a 7. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 I hope you become leaders in society who will work _______ for your personal happiness but for the happiness of others. (A) not that (B) not only (C) just like (D) merely not (2) TOEFL 1. 空所補充問題 Artist Winslow Homer is said ----- barred from one of his own exhibitions for trying to touch up his paintings while they were on display. (A) to been being (B) to have to be (C) having been (D) to have been 2. 空所補充問題 ----- that the improvements to general quality of life made possible by the Industrial Revolution were realized. (A) It was not until the mid-20th century (B) Not until the mid-20th century it was (C) Until the mid-20th century it was not (D) The mid-20th century wasn't until 3. 空所補充問題 Peoples such as the modern Polynesians, ----- metabolic systems have adapted by becoming very efficient, often develop a high incidence of obesity when a modern diet is introduced. (A) their (B) that (C) whose (D) which 4. 空所補充問題 Experimental evidence suggests that children learn ----- red before other colors. (A) distinguish (B) distinguished (C) distinguishing (D) to distinguish 5. 空所補充問題 A certain amount of academic freedom is necessary in order to bring ----- the technological advances a country needs to remain economically powerful. (A) across (B) through (C) around (D) about 6. 正誤問題 The volume of information (A)published every year is (B)thousand of times (C)greater than (D)it was 100 years ago. 7. 正誤問題 (A)Despite concerted efforts to keep the peace process (B)alive, difficult problems (C)continue and persist in (D)the Middle East. 8. 正誤問題 One unexpected development (A)resulting from the rapid progress of computer technology (B)is the emergence of (C)the industry of restoring and (D)to maintain antique computers. 9. 正誤問題 An increasing (A)numbers of drugs that (B)require a doctor's prescription (C)are being advertised directly to the general public, (D)rather than to doctors. 10. 正誤問題 (A)A mirage is an optical illusion usually (B)generating (C)when light is refracted irregularly in air of differing (D)densities near the ground. I-2 TOEIC, TOEFL 練習問題解答 (1) TOEIC 1. Part V ; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 I am currently studying French in the hope that my boss will _______ me to transfer to the Paris branch. (A) let (B) give (C) make (D) allow 訳； 上司からパリ支店への転勤許可が得られることを期待して、現在フランス語の勉強に取り組んでおります。 ※正解(D)。【着眼点】空所の後が「me（目的格＝目的語）＋to transfer（to不定詞）」の形をとっている点に注意。letやmakeはＯの後に原形不定詞を従える。(B)のgiveは問題外。「allow＋Ｏ＋〜」は〜にto不定詞をとり、「Ｏが〜するのを許可［了解］する」の意。なお、Ｏの後に -ingをとる形はない（allow him to go [×going] out）こともついでに押さえておこう。 2. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 I would rather _______ to the party tonight. (A) not to go (B) to not go (C) not going (D) not go 訳； 今夜はパーティーには行かないことにしたいと思う。 ※正解(D)。【着眼点】would rather 〜は〜に原形不定詞をとる慣用表現であるから (A), (B), (C)は不可。なお、toつきにせよtoなしにせよ、不定詞の否定形は否定語を不定詞の直前に置いてつくる点にも注意。would rather not 〜は「〜しないことを望む」の意になる。 3. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 During my college years, I would often stay up all night _______ political issues with my roommate. (A) discuss (B) debating (C) being debated (D) discussing about 訳； 大学生時代はよくルームメイトと政治問題について議論を戦わせながら夜を明かしたものだ。 ※正解(B)。【着眼点】「〜しながら」という付帯状況を表す分詞構文の分詞を選ぶ問題。議論するのはだれかという分詞の意味主語は、ここでは文全体の主語であるIと一致する。 【選択肢】Iは議論する側だから (C) は不可。(D) はIとの関係においては問題ないがdiscussが他動詞であることから目的語 (political issue) との関係が不可（ → aboutは不要）。 4. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 My dentist always stresses the importance of getting my teeth _______ regularly. (A) cleaned (B) cleaning (C) to clean (D) to be cleaned 訳； 私のかかりつけの歯医者は規則正しく歯をみがくことの大切さをいつも強調する。 ※正解(A)。【着眼点】'get(ting) ＋Ｏ (my teeth) ＋_____'の _____ の位置を占める構文上の資格自体は (A), (B), (C) のいずれにもある。そこで、Ｏが _____ に対して意味上能動主語（cleanする側）か、それとも受動主語（cleanされる側）かを考えると、歯は「みがかれる」のだから (A) のcleanedが正しいとわかる。 【選択肢】getはＯの後にto不定詞をとれるが、そのto不定詞が受け身になっている (D) のような形は通例不可。 5. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 We are in receipt of a check _______ by the Bank of Tokyo. (A) having issued (B) to issue (C) issuing (D) issued 訳； 東京銀行発行の小切手を拝受いたしました。 ※正解(D)。【着眼点】checkを正しく修飾するものを選ぶ問題。check（小切手）とissue（発行する）の関係を見定めつつ、by the Bank of Tokyoのbyにも注目する。例えばThe check → issue → by ... ときたらThe check was issued by ... という文を作るのが自然であろう。checkはissueに対して意味上受動主語の関係に立つのであり、したがって (D) を選ぶことになる。 【選択肢】(A) も過去分詞のissuedを含むので一瞬気をとられるかもしれないが、(A) は全体として能動の完了形であり、having been issuedとはなっていない点に注意。 6. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 She was _______ good typist that we hated to see her leave. (A) so (B) such (C) a very (D) such a 訳； 彼女はとても優秀なタイピストだったので退職するのをただ黙って見送るのはいやだった。 ※正解(D)。【着眼点】thatと連関するのはsoかsuchだがsoやsuchとthatとの間に何がきてるかが問題。この場合はtypistという単数可算名詞を含むのでso good a typistかsuch a good typistの形がくることになる。なお、「see＋人＋〜（＝原形）」には「人が〜するのを黙って見ている［放っておく、黙認する］」の意がある。 7. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 I hope you become leaders in society who will work _______ for your personal happiness but for the happiness of others. (A) not that (B) not only (C) just like (D) merely not 訳； 皆さんには、自分の個人的幸福のみならず、他者の幸福のためにも努めていくような、そういう社会のリーダーになってもらいたい。 ※正解(B)。【着眼点】butの後がfor ... という前置詞句になっており、空所の後にも同じ形がきていることから、対等の文法範ちゅうに属する2つの要素を相関的に結びつける組み合わせを考えてみる。but (also) とペアを組むのはnot only [just, merely, simply, etc.] である。 (2) TOEFL 1. 空所補充問題 Artist Winslow Homer is said ----- barred from one of his own exhibitions for trying to touch up his paintings while they were on display. (A) to been being (B) to have to be (C) having been (D) to have been ※正解(D)。【解説】 空所以降では過去に起きたことについて述べている。したがって、ここではto have beenを使うことになる。touch up「手直しする」。 2. 空所補充問題 ----- that the improvements to general quality of life made possible by the Industrial Revolution were realized. (A) It was not until the mid-20th century (B) Not until the mid-20th century it was (C) Until the mid-20th century it was not (D) The mid-20th century wasn't until ※正解(A)。【解説】 notとuntilの組み合わせがポイント。It was not until... that 〜で「……になって初めて〜した」の意味になる。Industrial Revolution「産業革命」。 3. 空所補充問題 Peoples such as the modern Polynesians, ----- metabolic systems have adapted by becoming very efficient, often develop a high incidence of obesity when a modern diet is introduced. (A) their (B) that (C) whose (D) which ※正解(C)。【解説】 空所にtheirを入れては前後の文が繋がらない。空所の前にカンマがあるのでここでは関係代名詞thatは使えない。whichではadaptedの目的語がPolynesiansになり意味が通らない。正解は(C) whoseである。adapt「順応する（自動詞）」。incidence「発生率」、obesity「肥満」。 4. 空所補充問題 Experimental evidence suggests that children learn ----- red before other colors. (A) distinguish (B) distinguished (C) distinguishing (D) to distinguish ※正解(D)。【解説】 learnの後にto不定詞を続けて「他の色より先に赤を識別するようになる」の意味を笑わす。 5. 空所補充問題 A certain amount of academic freedom is necessary in order to bring ----- the technological advances a country needs to remain economically powerful. (A) across (B) through (C) around (D) about ※正解(D)。【解説】 空所にaboutを入れれば、bring about...「…… をもたらす」の意味になり、前後の文が繋がる。 6. 正誤問題 The volume of information (A)published every year is (B)thousand of times (C)greater than (D)it was 100 years ago. ※正解(B)。【解説】 thousand → thousands。publishedの前にはthat/which isが略されている。「何千倍」の意味にするには複数形thousandsを用いる。比較級greater thanと代名詞itの用法に誤りはない。 7. 正誤問題 (A)Despite concerted efforts to keep the peace process (B)alive, difficult problems (C)continue and persist in (D)the Middle East. ※正解(C)。【解説】 continue and→ カット。【解説】continue and persistに注目。persist「存続する、尾を引く」の前に、同じような意味のcontinueを使う必要はない。 8. 正誤問題 One unexpected development (A)resulting from the rapid progress of computer technology (B)is the emergence of (C)the industry of restoring and (D)to maintain antique computers. ※正解(D)。【解説】 to maintain → maintaining。to maintainはrestoringと同じようにthe industry of... の後に続いている。したがって、ここではto不定詞ではなく動名詞形maintainingにしなければならない。 9. 正誤問題 An increasing (A)numbers of drugs that (B)require a doctor's prescription (C)are being advertised directly to the general public, (D)rather than to doctors. ※正解(A)。【解説】 numbers → number。a number of「多くの」に形容詞increasing「ますます増える」が付け足されていると考える。したがって、複数形numbersが誤りとなる。prescription「処方箋」。 10. 正誤問題 (A)A mirage is an optical illusion usually (B)generating (C)when light is refracted irregularly in air of differing (D)densities near the ground. ※正解(B)。【解説】 generating → generated。mirage「蜃気楼」は可算名詞である。generate「引き起こす、発生させる」は他動詞なので、ここではgenerated（過去分詞）と受け身にしなくてはならない。接続詞whenとdensities「密度」に誤りはない。 II. 時事英文 Aiding Refugees (その7：全7回シリーズ) In doing so, we show through example our dedication to basic human decency, to our responsibilities under international law, and - along with the rest of the international community - to ensuring refuge when innocent lives hang in the balance. Our commitment to protect and aid refugees is a deep and abiding one. It is at the core of our nation's values. III - a. 雑知識 01. " arsenal / スポーツ選手が持つ「武器」 " Serena Williams unleashed her full arsenal to move into the last 16 at Wimbledon with a crushing 6-2 6-0 win over Japanese veteran Kimiko Date-Krumm. は、セリーナ・ウィリアムズ選手に完敗したクルム伊達公子選手に関する Reuters 通信の記事から。 02. " underscore / 強調する " Xi and Park went on to underscore their close bilateral relations at a joint news conference in Beijing. は、中韓首脳会談に関する The Asahi Shimbun AJW の記事から。 03. " red line / 越えてはならない一線 " オバマ米大統領はシリアで化学兵器が使われれば、game changer（状況の激変）をもたらすと警告していた。Obama has said repeatedly that the use of chemical weapons would cross a "red line" and constitute a "game changer" for U.S. policy on Syria. は、AP 通信の記事から。 04. " unaffiliated voters / 無党派層 " Twenty-one percent of those unaffiliated voters said they would vote for the LDP, but the gap with other parties has narrowed. は、朝日新聞社の参院選連続世論調査（電話）に関する AJW の記事から。無党派層で自民に投票すると答えたのは21％だったが、その差は縮まっている。 05. " dress up / 見栄えよくする、繕う " Japan's annual whale hunt is a commercial slaughter of marine mammals dressed up as science, Australian lawyers argued. は、日本による南極海での調査捕鯨を違法と豪州が訴えていることを伝えた AP 通信の記事から。 III -b. 英語でどう言う？ 「レストラン」に関係した表現 問題 1 席に着く そのイタリアレストランに入ると、「すぐに席にご案内しますので少々お待ちください」という掲示が目に入った。 When I entered the Italian restaurant, I saw a sign which said "Please Wait. You Will Be ( ) Shortly." a. Stopped b. Seated c. Parked d. Chaired 問題 2 がつがつ食べる 食べ放題のレストランでは、私の彼はいつも何日間も何も食べていなかった人のようにがつがつ食事をする。 At the all-you-can-eat restaurant, my boyfriend always ( ) down his food like someone who hasn't eaten anything for days. a. foxes b. dogs c. horses d. wolfs 問題 3 味付けをまねる どうやっても、このフレンチレストランの味付けをまねることはできない。 I cannot ( ) the flavor of this French restaurant no matter how hard I try. a. depict b. mirror c. duplicate d. reflex 問題 4 味が薄い 塩を取ってもらえますか？このステーキの味は淡白だと思いませんか？ Will you pass me the salt? Don't you think the steak is kind of ( )? a. bland b. weak c. plain d. flat 問題 5 勘定が合う この勘定の数字が合わないな。別のテーブルのだと思うけど。 The figures of this bill don't ( ) up. I think it's a check from a different table. a. bring b. add c. take d. accumulate 問題 6 出前を取る 「お昼は何にする？」／「君のお気に入りの中華料理店から出前を取るのはどう？」 "What should we have for lunch?" / "How about having some food ( ) from your favorite Chinese place?" a. dropped b. proceeded c. arrived d. delivered 回答 1-b 2-d 3-c 4-a 5-b 6-d III -c. Elementary Question Question: What is the ancient Egyptian plant that is the origin of the English word "paper"? Answer: Papyrus Papyrus is a tall plant that grows in the Nile Delta. Papyrus paper was made by laying strips of the stem side by side and crossing them with other strips. It was then left to dry in the sun, and used for writing and painting. IV. Jokes a. What's in a name? A pregnant woman has an accident and falls into a coma. When she wakes up, the doctor tells her he delivered her babies - twins, a boy and a girl - and that her brother came in to name them. "What names did he choose?" asks the woman. "He named the girl Denise," the doctor replies. "What a beautiful name," she sighs. "And the boy?" "Denephew." b. Merely players One afternoon, Matt's dad picks him up from school. Knowing that the parts for the school play were chosen that day, he asks his son if he got a role. Matt announces: "Yes, I play a man who's been married for 20 years." "That's great, son," says his dad. "Next time they might give you a speaking part." c. Dizzy spell One day at school, Mary boasted to her teacher, "My sister is only four, and she already knows how to spell her name backwards." The teacher replied, "That's wonderful. What's her name?" "Anna," replied Mary. d. Time to go I was at a party and the host was getting worried because there were too many people and not enough refreshments. She was sure not everyone had been invited but didn't know how to weed out the gatecrashers. Then her husband had an idea. He turned to the guests and said, "Will all those from the bride's side of the family please stand up?" About 20 people stood. Then he asked, "Now those from the groom's side?" About 25 people rose. Then he smiled and said, "Will all those who stood please leave. This is a birthday party." |