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資料No. ： NS130717
I-1 TOEIC, TOEFL練習問題
(1) TOEIC 1. Part V ； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 I've heard that Sid _______ to Yale. (A) is scholarship (B) got scholarship (C) won a scholarship (D) winned a scholarship 2. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Some of the details need _______ before we submit the report for approval. (A) clarify (B) clarifying (C) be clarified (D) being clarified 3. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Nancy _______ to look after her neighbor's children for the evening. (A) required (B) ordered (C) was asked (D) was wished 4. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 After you do your homework, be sure to _______ up your room. (A) have cleaned (B) cleaning (C) be cleaned (D) clean 5. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 I _______ a lot better if you had helped me. (A) do (B) did (C) had done (D) could have done 6. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 _______, you'll be expected to do much better. (A) In the future (B) Last year (C) For the previous month (D) By next week 7. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Unless the weather _______ soon, we'll never complete the project on time. (A) has improved (B) improves (C) would improve (D) improved (2) TOEFL 1. 空所補充問題 Pollen is ----- rich in information about the plant species which produced it that fossilized pollen is a valuable source of archeological information. (A) such (B) so (C) too (D) very 2. 空所補充問題 Technology ----- to perform heart surgery without making large incisions in the chest is already available. (A) enables doctors (B) that doctors enabling (C) that enables doctors (D) the doctors are enabled 3. 空所補充問題 In many Civil War battles, ----- occurred in the days after the battle, as the wounded lay helpless on the battlefield in the heat and rain. (A) most of the deaths (B) much deaths (C) the most of death (D) much of its death 4. 空所補充問題 Drowsiness has a strong influence on the time ----- a driver to react to a sudden emergency. (A) taking (B) taken to (C) to take (D) it takes 5. 空所補充問題 The latest personal computers ----- enough processing power to carry out tasks formerly associated only with so-called 'supercomputers.' (A) with (B) have (C) having (D) can 6. 正誤問題 Local variations (A)among Melanesian cultures are (B)generally greater (C)than (D)that in Polynesian cultures. 7. 正誤問題 Bed rest and good nutrition (A)was used to be (B)the only treatment for infections (C)that can now be cured (D)with antibiotics. 8. 正誤問題 The (A)initially purpose (B)of the Internet was (C)to facilitate the progress of (D)U.S. military research. 9. 正誤問題 (A)Among the lesser-known theoretical achievements of Albert Einstein (B)are the mathematical explanation of (C)why rivers shift course (D)the way they do. 10. 正誤問題 (A)Historically, the independent minting of coinage by (B)an overseas colony (C)has often been seen by the ruling power I-2 TOEIC, TOEFL 練習問題解答 (1) TOEIC 1. Part V ； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 I've heard that Sid _______ to Yale. (A) is scholarship (B) got scholarship (C) won a scholarship (D) winned a scholarship 訳； シドはエール大学に入る奨学金を得たそうだ。 ※正解(C)。 【着眼点】「奨学金」の意のscholarshipは可算名詞なのでaのついた (C) と (D) が候補だが、win（＝不規則活用動詞）の過去形はwonだから (C) のほうが正解。 【選択肢】(A)についてはis on a scholarship（奨学金をもらっている）という言い方はある。(B) はaをつければ通る。 2. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Some of the details need _______ before we submit the report for approval. (A) clarify (B) clarifying (C) be clarified (D) being clarified 訳； 報告書を提出して承認を求める前に、何点か細かいところを明確にしておく必要がある。 ※正解(B)。 【着眼点】clarify 〜 は「〜を明確にする［理解しやすくする］」の意でsome of the details（主部）はclarifyされる側だが、述部がneedで始まっている点に注意。needが動名詞を目的語にとると、その動名詞は能動形で受動の意味を表すことになる （need clarifying = need to be clarified）。 【選択肢】needは疑問文や否定文、またはそれに準じる文では助動詞としても用いられるが、問題文の主節は肯定文の形をとっている。したがって (A)、(C) はいずれにせよ不可。 3. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Nancy _______ to look after her neighbor's children for the evening. (A) required (B) ordered (C) was asked (D) was wished 訳； 夕方、近所の子の世話をしてほしいとナンシーは頼まれた。 ※正解(C)。 【着眼点】requireやorderにはto不定詞を目的語にとる構文自体が存在しない cf. I require you to do this job.；You are required to do this job. や He ordered us to follow him.；We were ordered to follow him. は可)。wishには「wish＋Ｏ＋to不定詞」の構文はあるが、これに対応する受動文はない。 4. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 After you do your homework, be sure to _______ up your room. (A) have cleaned (B) cleaning (C) be cleaned (D) clean 訳； 宿題をやったら、必ず部屋を片付けなさい。 ※正解(D)。 to 不定詞ですから、動詞は原形でなければなりません。(A)も形のうえでは原形になっていますが、意味上不可。(C)も原形ですが受け身の形になってしまっているので不可です。 5. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 I _______ a lot better if you had helped me. (A) do (B) did (C) had done (D) could have done 訳； もし君が手伝ってくれていれば、もっとうまくできたのに。 ※正解(D)。 ... if 以下が had helped の形をとっていますから、「もしも（あの時）君が…していたなら」という意味を持つ仮定法過去完了です。したがって、正解も「私は（あの時）…できたはずだったのに」という意味を持ちうる形にしなければなりません。 6. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 _______, you'll be expected to do much better. (A) In the future (B) Last year (C) For the previous month (D) By next week 訳； 将来的にはもっとうまくやれるように期待しています。 ※正解(A)。 ... 以下が will を使った未来形になっていますから、未来の時を表す表現が文中に使われているはずです。(D)は「来週までには、〜期待されるだろう」で、意味上不可。 7. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Unless the weather _______ soon, we'll never complete the project on time. (A) has improved (B) improves (C) would improve (D) improved 訳； すぐに天気がよくならなければ、時間通りにそのプロジェクトを完了させられないだろう。 ※正解(B)。この文は Unless が「もし…でなければ」（If ... not）の意味で条件を表す副詞節を導くことになり、このような節の中では、主節（we'll ... 以下）が未来形であっても、未来の形はとりません。 (2) TOEFL 1. 空所補充問題 Pollen is ----- rich in information about the plant species which produced it that fossilized pollen is a valuable source of archeological information. (A) such (B) so (C) too (D) very ※正解(B)。【解説】 文章の中程に接続詞のthatが出てくる。空所にsoを入れれば、so... that構文になる。pollen「花粉」。 2. 空所補充問題 Technology ----- to perform heart surgery without making large incisions in the chest is already available. (A) enables doctors (B) that doctors enabling (C) that enables doctors (D) the doctors are enabled ※正解(C)。【解説】 この文の主語に当たるのがTechnologyからchestまで、動詞がisである。関係代名詞を使ってTechnologyの説明をしているthat enables doctorsを空所に入れれば文が成立する。incision「切開」。 3. 空所補充問題 In many Civil War battles, ----- occurred in the days after the battle, as the wounded lay helpless on the battlefield in the heat and rain. (A) most of the deaths (B) much deaths (C) the most of death (D) much of its death ※正解(A)。【解説】 この場合のdeathが可算名詞なので、muchを使った選択肢は除外できる。mostの前にtheは必要はない。したがって、正解は(A) most of the deathsになる。 4. 空所補充問題 Drowsiness has a strong influence on the time ----- a driver to react to a sudden emergency. (A) taking (B) taken to (C) to take (D) it takes ※正解(D)。【解説】 空所にit takesを入れればthe time it takes a driver to react to a sudden emergencyで「ドライバーが緊急事に反応するのに掛かる時間」という意味になる。 5. 空所補充問題 The latest personal computers ----- enough processing power to carry out tasks formerly associated only with so-called 'supercomputers.' (A) with (B) have (C) having (D) can ※正解(B)。【解説】 基本的な問題である。空所にはこの文の動詞が入るのでhaveが正解となる。 6. 正誤問題 Local variations (A)among Melanesian cultures are (B)generally greater (C)than (D)that in Polynesian cultures. ※正解(D)。【解説】 that → those。thatが何を指しているかに注目。thatとはlocal variationsのことなので、ここでは複数形のthoseを使わなくてはいけない。 7. 正誤問題 Bed rest and good nutrition (A)was used to be (B)the only treatment for infections (C)that can now be cured (D)with antibiotics. ※正解(A)。【解説】 was used → used to。意味を考えるとwas used to... と受け身にするのはおかしい。used to... 「かつては ... だった」にすれば意味が通る。the、関係代名詞のthat、withの用法に誤りはない。 8. 正誤問題 The (A)initially purpose (B)of the Internet was (C)to facilitate the progress of (D)U.S. military research. ※正解(A)。【解説】 initially → initial。purpose「目的」は名詞である。名詞の前には副詞ではなく形容詞initialを用いる。to... は名詞の働きをする不定詞である。 9. 正誤問題 (A)Among the lesser-known theoretical achievements of Albert Einstein (B)are the mathematical explanation of (C)why rivers shift course (D)the way they do. ※正解(B)。【解説】 are → is。the mathematical explanationからthey doがこの文の主語に当たる。したがって、be動詞はareではなくisになる。本来の語順は次の通り。The mathematical explanation of why rivers shift course the way they do is among the lesser-known theoretical achievements of Albert Einstein. 10. 正誤問題 (A)Historically, the independent minting of coinage by (B)an overseas colony (C)has often been seen by the ruling power as (D)acts of defiance. ※正解(D)。【解説】 acts → an act。文頭の副詞Historically、overseasの前の冠詞anに問題はない。hasはthe independent mintingに呼応している。actsは複数形にする必要はない。ここは単数an actでいい。 II. 時事英文 Aiding Refugees (その3：全7回シリーズ) The greatest numbers of recent refugees come from Syria, Mali and Sudan. Since the Syrian conflict began in 2011, some 1.6 million Syrians have fled their country, mostly to neighboring nations and to North Africa. Another 4.25 million have been displaced within the country itself. The United States is the leading donor of humanitarian aid to Syria. Including the $300 million recently announced by President Barack Obama, the United States has donated nearly $815 million to assist Syrian refugees and the internally displaced, as well as host communities in neighboring states. III - a. 雑知識 01. " counter / 〜に対抗する " フランスは自国の経済的苦境をアジア諸国とのビジネスで乗り越えようとしている。France has been seeking to counter its economic woes by growing its business with Asia. は、AP通信の記事から。 02. " hero's welcome / （英雄を迎える時のような）大歓迎 " Yuichiro Miura returned to his native Japan on May 29 for the first time in two months, receiving a hero's welcome upon arrival. は、エベレスト登頂に成功した冒険家の三浦雄一郎さんの帰国について伝えたThe Asahi Shimbun AJWの記事から。 03. " on track to / 〜の軌道に乗っている " 日本銀行は「２年で物価上昇率２％」という目標を掲げている。The Bank of Japan said it is on track to achieving its 2-percent inflation target in about two years.は、The Asahi Shimbun AJWの記事から。 04. " stoppage-time / ロスタイム " Japan became the first team to qualify for the 2014 World Cup after a stoppage-time penalty by Keisuke Honda secured a 1-1 draw with Australia.は、サッカーの日本代表が５大会連続でワールドカップ出場を決めたことを伝えたAP通信の記事から。 05. " pricy / 高価な " When the yen's value falls, goods made in Europe, Asia and the United States become pricier compared with Japanese products.は、円安で輸入品の価格が上がることについて伝えたThe Asahi Shimbun AJWの記事から。 III -b. 英語でどう言う？ 問題 1 少しかじる 僕は大学時代にドイツ語をちょっとかじったけど、とっくに全部忘れてしまった。 I ( ) in German when I was a college student, but I've already forgotten everything I learned. a. nibbled b. dabbled c. picked d. grabbed 問題 2 流暢(りゅうちょう)な ヨーコはフランス語がペラペラです。私がパリを訪れる時は、頼りになるガイドです。 Yoko is a ( ) speaker of French. She is a helpful guide whenever I visit Paris. a. carefree b. fluent c. smooth d. rapid 問題 3 なまり 友人のチャンドラはインドなまりの英語を話します。何を言っているのか全く分からない時がたまにあります。 My friend Chandra speaks English with a strong Indian ( ). I sometimes can't understand him at all. a. tone b. sound c accent d. voice 問題 4 通用する 君の中国語は完璧だね。北京でも中国人で通用するよ。 Your Chinese is perfect. You could ( ) for Chinese in Beijing. a. dash b. kick c. proceed d. pass 問題 5 下手になった 私は大学でスペイン語を専攻しましたが、今では少しさびついています。 I majored Spanish in college but it is a little ( ) now. a. clumsy b. rusty c. smelly d. handy 問題 6 意思を伝える 初めての海外旅行の際、ニューヨークで私の英語が通じなかった。 When I took my first overseas trip, I coudn't make myself ( ) in English in New York. a. realize b. understood c. known d. sense 回答 1-b 2-b 3. c 4-d 5-b 6-b III -c. Elementary Question Question: Kyoto has sister-city relationship with nine cities around the world. Among them, what is the name of the city in France? Answer: Paris Kyoto established a sister-city relationship with Paris in 1958. The other include Boston, Florence and Xian (西安)ねそくにみちる IV. Jokes a. An old farmer is inconsolable after his dog goes missing. His wife suggests he take out an ad in the newspaper, which he does. But two weeks later, there's still no sign of the mutt. "What did you write in the ad?" his wife asks. "'Here, boy,'" he replies. b. A man tells his doctor that he's incapable of doing all the things around the house that he used to do. When the examination is over, he says, "OK, Doctor. In plain English - what's wrong with me?" "Well, in plain English," says the doctor, "yuu're just lazy." The man nods. "Now give me the medical term so I can tell my wife." c. Me and the wife [singer Katy Perry] have three cats, and they get whatever they want. We can only know what they want from what we speculate, so it's a lot of vest, hats, and cat shoes. d. Seeing her friend Sally wearing a new locket, Meg asked if there was a memento of some sort inside. "Yes," said Sally, "it's a lock of my husband's hair." "But Larry's still alive," Meg said. "I know but his hair is gone,," replied Sally. e. Getting back together with an old boyfriend is pathetic. It's like having a garage sale and buying your own stuff back. |