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資料No. ： NS130710
I-1 TOEIC, TOEFL練習問題
(1) TOEIC 1. Part V ； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 The brain has two halves and _______ thin layers of membrane. (A) cover (B) covers (C) are covered by (D) is covered with 2. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 We were taught at school that the Pilgrim Fathers _______ on Plymouth Rock in Massachusetts. (A) landed (B) have landed (C) had landed (D) had been landed 3. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 He must have fooled my secretary into thinking that he _______ my brother-in-law. (A) be (B) is (C) was (D) been 4. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 _______ he desired to lead a peaceful and tranquil life, he could certainly have done so. (A) If (B) Were (C) Has (D) Had 5. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 We lost the game, but we _______ won if one of our players hadn't been hurt. (A) might well have (B) might have been (C) might well (D) may have 6. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 We intend to submit _______ that special legislation be passed allocating disaster relief funds to the people in the disaster area. (A) an advise (B) an upshot (C) a request (D) a reason (2) TOEFL 1. 空所補充問題 ----- the mass extinction of 65 million years ago never occurred, humans may never have evolved. (A) Having (B) Has (C) Had (D) To have 2. 空所補充問題 Preschool programs are generally designed ----- the need for daycare and to provide opportunities for stimulation of physical, emotional and intellectual growth. (A) to fulfill both (B) fulfilling to both (C) both to fulfill (D) both in fulfillment 3. 空所補充問題 The steam-powered submarines ----- for the British navy in 1915 were never put into military action. (A) building (B) to build (C) build (D) built 4. 空所補充問題 In 1835, Joice Heth was reputed to ----- over 160 years old, and to have served as George Washington's nurse. (A) be (B) grow (C) age (D) live 5. 空所補充問題 Anna Pavlova, ----- lived from 1881 to 1931, is generally recognized as the foremost ballerina of the early 20th century. (A) which (B) where (C) whereby (D) who 6. 正誤問題 (A)As military global positioning systems become (B)available to the civilian sector, anyone (C)who with the right equipment can find (D)their exact location with ease. 7. 正誤問題 Jet fuel is (A)far more (B)high refined (C)than the fuel oil (D)used in diesel engines. 8. 正誤問題 Sympathetic magic often involves (A)attempt (B)to cause events to happen (C)by manipulating symbolic or representational (D)objects. 9. 正誤問題 The social security number is, (A)in effect, a national I.D. number (B)through which all manner of personal (C)informations on U.S. citizens can (D)be accessed. 10. 正誤問題 Many flowering plants, (A)such as the carnation, (B)having been native (C)to areas surrounding (D)the Mediterranean Sea. I-2 TOEIC, TOEFL 練習問題解答 (1) TOEIC 1. Part V ； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 The brain has two halves and _______ thin layers of membrane. (A) cover (B) covers (C) are covered by (D) is covered with 訳； 脳は右脳と左脳からなり、幾層かの薄膜でおおわれている。 ※正解(D)。 【文構造】主語はbrainで、andはbrainについて述べている2つの述部（has two halvesと_____ thin layers of membrane）を結んでいる。 【着眼点】and以下の述部を完成させる問題なのでThe brain _____ thin layers of membrane. と単純化して考える。brainが単数名詞であることに着目した時点で (A) と (C) がまず消える。残るは (B) と (D) だがbrainがthin ... membraneをcoverしているのではなくてその逆なので、空所にはis covered withがくる。なお、「be＋過去分詞＋by以外の前置詞」の組み合わせにも注意。 2. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 We were taught at school that the Pilgrim Fathers _______ on Plymouth Rock in Massachusetts. (A) landed (B) have landed (C) had landed (D) had been landed 訳； 私たちは学校でピルグリムファーザーズが上陸したのはマサチューセッツ州にあるプリマスの岩だと教わった。 ※正解(A)。 【着眼点】that 節の内容が歴史上の事実（と見なされている事柄）に言及している点に注意。このような場合は主節の時制とは無関係に話し手の立場から過去の事柄として直接その内容を把握することになる。したがって、正解は (A)の landed となる。 3. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 He must have fooled my secretary into thinking that he _______ my brother-in-law. (A) be (B) is (C) was (D) been 訳； 彼は私の秘書をだまして彼と私が義理の兄弟だと思い込ませたに違いない。 ※正解(C)。 【文構造】「fool ＋人 (my secretary)＋〜ing」は「人をだまして〜させる」の意。 【着眼点】「法助動詞＋完了形」(must have fooled) は意味的には過去時に言及するものであり、過去時制と同等であると見なすことができる。問題文は「法助動詞＋完了形」の後に直接 that 節が現れているわけではないが、「秘書がだまされて that 以下のこと（＝事実ではないこと）を思い込まされたに違いない」という流れだから、that 節には過去時制の動詞をもってくるのがふさわしい。 4. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 _______ he desired to lead a peaceful and tranquil life, he could certainly have done so. (A) If (B) Were (C) Has (D) Had 訳； 彼が安穏に生きていこうと思えばきっとそれも可能だったろう。 ※正解(D)。【着眼点】「望んでいたらできただろう (could have done)」という過去に言及する文脈なので仮定法過去完了の形（＝had ＋過去分詞）を採用。 [＊Had he（＝If he had）desired ... は if の省略に伴う倒置] 5. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 We lost the game, but we _______ won if one of our players hadn't been hurt. (A) might well have (B) might have been (C) might well (D) may have 訳； 結果は負け試合だったが、負傷者がなければうちが勝っていただろう。 ※正解(A)。 【着眼点】「試合に負けた」という過去の事実の後、but... と続き最後に「選手の1人が負傷していなかったら」という仮定法過去完了がきている。この流れから but 以下の主節には「勝っていただろうに」(might have won) がくるとわかる。 【選択肢】「人に勝つ」は「beat＋人」とは言うが「win＋人」とは言わないから、 (B)のように「人（＝we）」を主語に立てた受け身の形も当然不可（→ 仮に言えたとしても文脈上不可）。(D)は、現実に起こらなかったことを取り上げて「…だったろうに」と言う場合には用いない。 【注意】well は法助動詞の意味を強める副詞。 6. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 We intend to submit _______ that special legislation be passed allocating disaster relief funds to the people in the disaster area. (A) an advise (B) an upshot (C) a request (D) a reason 訳； 我々は被災地の人々への災害救援基金を設定する特別立法可決要求を提出するつもりである。 ※正解(C)。 【文構造】submit ___ that ... は「that 以下という旨の___ を提出する」の意で、___ にくる名詞と that 以下は同格の関係。allocating は legislation（立法）にかかる現在分詞の形容詞用法。 【着眼点】that 節内の V (be passed)が原形（＝仮定法現在）である点に注目。 【選択肢】(A)は advise が動詞だから問題外。(B)の upshot（結果[論]）は同格の that 節を従える用法それ自体を欠く。（cf. The upshot is that ... の構文は可）(D)の reason は仮定法現在をとる用法はない。 (2) TOEFL 1. 空所補充問題 ----- the mass extinction of 65 million years ago never occurred, humans may never have evolved. (A) Having (B) Has (C) Had (D) To have ※正解(C)。【解説】 問題文は、If the mass extinction of 65 million years ago had never occurred... のHadを文頭に移動しifを省略した仮定法過去完了の文である。 2. 空所補充問題 Preschool programs are generally designed ----- the need for daycare and to provide opportunities for stimulation of physical, emotional and intellectual growth. (A) to fulfill both (B) fulfilling to both (C) both to fulfill (D) both in fulfillment ※正解(C)。【解説】 and to provide ... に着目する。(C) both to fulfillを空所に入れればboth to fulfill... and to provide... とboth A and Bの形になる。 3. 空所補充問題 The steam-powered submarines ----- for the British navy in 1915 were never put into military action. (A) building (B) to build (C) build (D) built ※正解(D)。【解説】 空所に過去分詞builtを入れれば、were never putがこの文の動詞になり文が成立する。builtの前にはthat wereが略されている。 4. 空所補充問題 In 1835, Joice Heth was reputed to ----- over 160 years old, and to have served as George Washington's nurse. (A) be (B) grow (C) age (D) live ※正解(A)。【解説】 難しく考えることはない。beを空所に入れればwas reputed to be over 160 years old... 「160歳以上であったと言われていた」の意味になる。 5. 空所補充問題 Anna Pavlova, ----- lived from 1881 to 1931, is generally recognized as the foremost ballerina of the early 20th century. (A) which (B) where (C) whereby (D) who ※正解(D)。【解説】 Anna Pavlovaはロシアの舞踏家であるので、関係代名詞whoを使えば、lived... 以下がAnna Pavlovaを後ろから説明することになる。 6. 正誤問題 (A)As military global positioning systems become (B)available to the civilian sector, anyone (C)who with the right equipment can find (D)their exact location with ease. ※正解(C)。【解説】 who → カットする。anyone以下の文の動詞部はcan find... なので、anyoneの後のwhoは不必要である。 7. 正誤問題 Jet fuel is (A)far more (B)high refined (C)than the fuel oil (D)used in diesel engines. ※正解(B)。【解説】 high → highly。farはmoreを強調する副詞。highは形容詞refinedを修飾しているのでhighlyと副詞 8. 正誤問題 Sympathetic magic often involves (A)attempt (B)to cause events to happen (C)by manipulating symbolic or representational (D)objects. ※正解(A)。【解説】 attempt → an attempt/attempts。attemptは「試み」の意味の加算名詞なので、an attempt、あるいは、attemptsと複数形にする必要がある。sympathetic magic「共感呪術」。 9. 正誤問題 The social security number is, (A)in effect, a national I.D. number (B)through which all manner of personal (C)informations on U.S. citizens can (D)be accessed. ※正解(C)。【解説】 informations → information。うっかりすると見逃してしまいそうな間違いである。informationは不可算名詞なので複数のsはつかない。 10. 正誤問題 Many flowering plants, (A)such as the carnation, (B)having been native (C)to areas surrounding (D)the Mediterranean Sea. ※正解(B)。【解説】 having been → are。having beenのままでは、この文には動詞がないことになる。areを使えばいいのである。 II. 時事英文 Aiding Refugees (その2：全7回シリーズ) The greatest numbers of recent refugees come from Syria, Mali and Sudan. Yet last year, some 1.1 million people fled their countries of origin and 6.8 million became displaced internally: the highest number of newly displaced refugees during any 12-month period since the beginning of the 21st century, exceeding the record set in 2011. Most are people escaping armed conflict and political violence. In the final days of 2012, they numbered 43.7 million. III - a. 雑知識 01. "spare no effort / 努力を惜しまない " 国賓として来日したオランド仏大統領は国会で演説し、「日本人の拉致被害者が苦痛を強いられている問題に対し、支援を惜しまない」と述べた。"We will spare no effort to provide our full support on the painful subject of the Japanese abductees." は、この発言を伝えた AJW の記事から。 02. " enigmatic / 謎めいた、不可解な " 東芝は、仏ルーブル美術館の「モナ・リザ」を照らす明かりを自社製の LED 照明に置き換えたと発表した。The enigmatic smile of the "Mona Lisa" is now being illuminated by light-emitting diodes specially developed by Toshiba Corp. は、The Asahi Shimbun AJW の記事から。 03. " join forces / 協力する " 日産自動車と三菱自動車は、共同開発した新型の軽自動車を発売した。Nissan and Mitsubishi are joining forces to grab a bigger share of the country's lucrative market for tiny cars, now dominated by their three rivals. は、AP 通信の記事から。 04. " one's heart goes out to / 〜に同情する " オバマ米大統領は、巨大竜巻の直撃によって多数の死傷者が出た南部オクラホマ州ムーアを訪問し、被災者らを激励した。Obama noted the substantial rebuilding job ahead and said "our hearts go out to you." は、AP 通信の記事から。 05. " measure ／ 測定する " TOEFL measures ability to use and understand English at university level.は、政府が「キャリア官僚」の採用試験で、2015年度（16年度入省）にも採用することになった英語試験TOEFL（トーフル）に関する AJW の記事から。 III -b. 英語でどう言う？ ｢体調不良｣に関係した表現 問題 1 ずきずき痛む 頭がずきずき痛むので、今日は仕事に集中できません。 I can't concentrate on my work today because I have a ( ) pain in my head. a. glazing b. forwarding c. marching d. throbbing 問題 2 筋を違える 昨日の晩は変な姿勢で寝たみたいだ。首の筋を違えた。 I must have slept wrong last night. I have ( ) in my neck.; a crick b. flip c. brick d. stick 問題 3 息切れがする 少し歩いただけで、息切れがします。 I get out of ( ) when I walk a little. a air b. breath c. mouth d. wind 問題 4 扁桃腺(へんとうせん) 医者に扁桃腺が腫れていると言われました。 The doctor saiod my ( ) are swollen. a. lymph b. prostate c. lungs d. tonsils 問題 5 せき込む たばこを吸うと、せき込みます。 When I smoke, I have a coughing ( ). a. spree b. spell c. break d. run 問題 6 目が充血した 目が充血しています。こすったら、ますますひどくなってしまいます。 My eyes are ( ). When I rub them, they get worse. a. blood-curling b. blood-thirsty c. bloodshot d. bloodstrain 回答 1-d 2-a 3-b 4-d 5-b 6-c III -c. Elementary Question Question: In Kyoto, the streets are designed neatly in a grid. What is the name of the Chinese city Kyoto was modeled after? Answer: Chang'an (present-day Xian) (長安、現在の西安) Chang'an was the Chinese capital during the Tang Dynasty (618-907) and Kyoto was built at that time. Kyoto is one-third the size of Cheng'an, with the streets laid out east to west and north to south. IV. Jokes a. My boyfriend was not looking forward to getting an MRI. Having had several myself, I told him what to expect. "They'll play music in the headphones. It'll drown out the noise and take your mind off things." As they rolled him into the MRI machine, Frank Sinatra's "My Way" played: "And now, the end is near, and so I face the final curtain..." He pointed out to the technician that the choice of music was less than appropriate. "Oh," said the technician. "That's why people have been looking at me strangely all day. Thanks!" b. Recently, I had a trivial argument with my husband about how it was too early for him to teach our two-and-a-half year-old son, Patrick, to navigate his way through the laptop, much less the Internet. He might get hooked on playing games or accessing other websites, I said, and might no longer be intewrested in books. Plus, he was already beginning to get impatient whenever the page would not load. One day, I asked Patrick to call for his dad to help me out with a chore as soon as possible. I was wondering what was taking my husband so long when Patrick came back and said, "You'll have to wait, Mum. Dad's still loading." c. Feeling some discomfort, I complained to my wife: "My wedding ring is cutting off my circulation." "Good," she said. "That's what it's supposed to do." d. I went to buy some chinos and said to the woman, "I'm looking for some chinos." She said, "What leg?" I said, "Both." e. One day, I brought my six-year-old niece to the budget terminal airport bto pick up her mum. Upon reaching, she grew excited watching the planes take off. Suddenly, she turned to me and asked "Auntie, can you fly?" I answered, "No I can't, honey," and wondered what on earth she was learning in playschool. "Then can my Mummy fly?" she asked again. A little annoyed, I told her, "No, honey. Except for birds, nothing else can fly." She gave me a perplexed look and asked, "Then why does this airplane say 'Now Everyone Can Fly'?" |