資料No. ： NS130619

資料No. ： NS130619

I-1 TOEIC, TOEFL練習問題
(1) TOEIC
1. Part V ； Incomplete Sentence練習問題
New York's Big Apple Bank _______ that 75 scheduled layoffs have been avoided.
(A) described　 (B) spoke　 (C) told　 (D) announced

2. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題
I couldn't believe how _______ Tom solved the puzzle.
(A) haste (B) speedy (C) quickly (D) swift

3. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題
Those _______ looking clouds mean a storm is coming.
(A) mysterious　 (B) ominous　 (C) menace　 (D) trouble

4. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題
Her husband was _______ to her plans for divorce.
(A) knowledge　 (B) scheming　 (C) oblivious　 (D) secret

5. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題
Everyone at the party was in a _______ mood.
(A) festive　 (B) fertile　 (C) furtive　 (D) furious

6. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題
Those kids have got to understand that their homework is an _______.
(A) obligate　 (B) obligation　 (C) obligator　 (D) oblige

7. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題
The new lighting system in the studio _______ very beautiful.
(A) are　 (B) is　 (C) is being　 (D) were

(2) TOEFL
1. 空所補充問題
The condor is -----, birds in existence having a wingspan that can reach well over three meters.
(A) one of the largest, most graceful　(B) of the one most large and graceful
(C) the largest, most graceful one of　(D) the largest one of most graceful

2. 空所補充問題
The fact ---- stray cats often gouge and bite one another when fighting over territory makes them extremely vulnerable to infectious diseases and parasites.
(A) that if　(B) that　(C) their　(D) whose

3. 空所補充問題
----- speaking, the combined weight of all ants alive at any given time worldwide is equal to the total weight of all living people.
(A) About　(B) In general　(C) Roughly　(D) In terms of

4. 空所補充問題
From the dawn of man to the present, migration ----- an essential characteristic of the peoples of the African continent.
(A) have been　(B) are being　(C) has been　(D) is being

5. 空所補充問題
A javelin thrower in the Roman Legions typically carried into battle one light javelin for a first assault from a distance, and a heavier weapon for subsequent -----.
(A) use　(B) using　(C) to use　(D) used

6. 正誤問題
(A)Toward the middle of the 18th century, the denunciation of slavery (B)by important French writers and philosophers (C)had become impossible for politicians in Paris (D)ignore .

7. 正誤問題
(A)Closed circuit television systems differ (B)by broadcasting (C)in that cameras are directly (D)wired to monitors.

8. 正誤問題
Addiction (A)to nicotine is (B)classifying as a disease by some specialists (C)because it (D)involves the permanent alterations in the biochemistry of the brain.

9. 正誤問題
(A)On (B)a particularly hot, dry day, the body may lose the equivalent of a large glass of water (C)through perspiration in the feet (D)lonely.

10. 正誤問題
(A)The earliest submarines had no (B)engines, (C)required them to be powered by (D)crews of sailors manning crankshaft apparatus.

I-2 TOEIC, TOEFL 練習問題解答
(1) TOEIC
1. Part V ； Incomplete Sentence練習問題
New York's Big Apple Bank _______ that 75 scheduled layoffs have been avoided.
(A) described　 (B) spoke　 (C) told　 (D) announced
訳；ニューヨークのビッグアップル銀行は、予定されていた 75 人の解雇は回避することができたと発表した。
※正解(D)。単語力が勝負となる。それぞれ動詞の意味を理解していないと苦しい。(A)の described は「描写する」。

2. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題
I couldn't believe how _______ Tom solved the puzzle.
(A) haste (B) speedy (C) quickly (D) swift
訳；トムがあんなに速くパズルを解くなんて信じられなかった。
※正解(C)。「速く」は副詞でなければならない。(B)は speedily、(D)は swiftly であれば考えうる。

3. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題
Those _______ looking clouds mean a storm is coming.
(A) mysterious　 (B) ominous　 (C) menace　 (D) trouble
訳；あの不吉な雲は嵐が来ることを示している。知っている単語で、意味が不自然なものから除去する。
※正解(B)。menace は「脅威」。

4. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題
Her husband was _______ to her plans for divorce.
(A) knowledge　 (B) scheming　 (C) oblivious　 (D) secret
訳；彼女の夫は、彼女の離婚の計画に関心がなかった。
※正解(C)。「人＋ was ... to ～」のパターンにあてはまる語をさがし出す。be oblivious to ... で、「…に無関心な」の意。

5. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題
Everyone at the party was in a _______ mood.
(A) festive　 (B) fertile　 (C) furtive　 (D) furious
訳；パーティーの全員がお祭りムードでした。
※正解(A)。 party での話だから、fury「怒り」から派生している語よりも、festival「祭り」に関連した語を選びたい。

6. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題
Those kids have got to understand that their homework is an _______.
(A) obligate　 (B) obligation　 (C) obligator　 (D) oblige
訳；あの子たちは宿題が義務であることを判らなければいけない。
※正解(B)。「義務」という意味の名詞になるように語尾を考える。

7. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題
The new lighting system in the studio _______ very beautiful.
(A) are　 (B) is　 (C) is being　 (D) were
訳；スタジオの新しい照明システムは大変に美しい。
※正解(B)。主語の単複を考える。system が本主語で、単数形。それ以上は何も難しく考える必要はない。

(2) TOEFL
1. 空所補充問題
The condor is -----, birds in existence having a wingspan that can reach well over three meters.
(A) one of the largest, most graceful　(B) of the one most large and graceful
(C) the largest, most graceful one of　(D) the largest one of most graceful
※正解(A)。【解説】　空所を挟んでisとbirdsがある点に注意。また、最上級est、mostが使われているので、one of the... birdsになることが分かる。正解は(A)である。condor「コンドル」、wingspan「翼長」。

2. 空所補充問題
The fact ---- stray cats often gouge and bite one another when fighting over territory makes them extremely vulnerable to infectious diseases and parasites.
(A) that if　(B) that　(C) their　(D) whose
※正解(B)。【解説】　文頭のThe factに注目。The fact that... で「……という事実」の意味になるので、接続詞thatを使えばいい。gouge「ひっかいて傷つける」、be vulnerable to... 「……に弱い、受けやすい」。

3. 空所補充問題
----- speaking, the combined weight of all ants alive at any given time worldwide is equal to the total weight of all living people.
(A) About　(B) In general　(C) Roughly　(D) In terms of
※正解(C)。【解説】　難しく考えることはない。文頭に ...speakingがある。Roughly speakingにすれば「大ざっぱに言えば（独立分詞構文）」の意味になる。

4. 空所補充問題
From the dawn of man to the present, migration ----- an essential characteristic of the peoples of the African continent.
(A) have been　(B) are being　(C) has been　(D) is being
※正解(C)。【解説】　From the dawn of man to the present「人間が誕生してから現在に至るまで」から判断して、現在完了を使えばいいことが分かるだろう。主語はmigration「移住」なので、正解は(C) has beenである。

5. 空所補充問題
A javelin thrower in the Roman Legions typically carried into battle one light javelin for a first assault from a distance, and a heavier weapon for subsequent -----.
(A) use　(B) using　(C) to use　(D) used
※正解(A)。【解説】　subsequentは「その後の」という意味の形容詞。この後には当然名詞が来るはずである。したがって、正解は(A) useになる。javelin「軽い槍」、assault「攻撃」。

6. 正誤問題
(A)Toward the middle of the 18th century, the denunciation of slavery (B)by important French writers and philosophers (C)had become impossible for politicians in Paris (D)ignore .
※正解(D)。【解説】　ignore → to ignore。前置詞toward、by、過去完了had becomeの用法に誤りはない。ignoreは動詞である。この前に不定詞toがなければ文が成立しない。

7. 正誤問題
(A)Closed circuit television systems differ (B)by broadcasting (C)in that cameras are directly (D)wired to monitors.
※正解(B)。【解説】　by → from。動詞differに注目。differ from... で「……と異なる」の意味。前置詞byが間違っていたのである。in that... 「……という点で」。

8. 正誤問題
Addiction (A)to nicotine is (B)classifying as a disease by some specialists (C)because it (D)involves the permanent alterations in the biochemistry of the brain.
※正解(B)。【解説】　classifying → classified。Addiction to...「……に中毒」。be classified as... で「……として分類される」の意味になる。したがって、classifyingを過去分詞にしなければならない。接続詞because、動詞involves「含む」に問題はない。

9. 正誤問題
(A)On (B)a particularly hot, dry day, the body may lose the equivalent of a large glass of water (C)through perspiration in the feet (D)lonely.
※正解(D)。【解説】　lonely → alone。特定の日には前置詞onを用いる。glassは可算名詞。前置詞throughは「……で、……を通じて」の意味。lonelyではなくalone「だけで」にしなければ意味が通らない。

10. 正誤問題
(A)The earliest submarines had no (B)engines, (C)required them to be powered by (D)crews of sailors manning crankshaft apparatus.
※正解(C)。【解説】　required → requiring / which required。冠詞the、可算名詞enginesに問題はない。requiredのままでは、前にhadがあるので動詞がダブることになる。ここはrequiring（分詞構文）か関係代名詞を用いてwhich requiredにしなければ文が繋がらない。crewsに問題はない。

II. 時事英文
Energy Security (その5：全6回シリーズ)
"Third, we are building on the unique diplomatic, regulatory and technical capacity of the United States to help other nations increase energy supply, build capacity and strengthen the institutions that enable international cooperation . . . [And] fourth . . . we are working with other nations to reduce global greenhouse gas emissions, prepare for the climate impacts it is too late to avoid, and bring about a global conversion to cleaner sources of energy."

III - a. 雑知識
01. " put out ／気分を害する "
米韓両政府の当局者は飯島勲・内閣官房参与の訪朝の連絡が事前になかったことに不快感を表明した。The United States and South Korea were clearly put out by special Cabinet adviser Isao Iijima's unannounced visit to North Korea. は、The Asahi Shimbun AJW の記事から。

02. herald ／（公的に）報道する "
中国の李克強（リー・コーチアン）首相のインド訪問を中国メディアは龍と象にたとえて伝えた。Chinese state media heralded Li's India visit with headlines that the "Dragon and elephant dance together." は、AP 通信の記事から。

03. " take a hit ／打撃を被る "
トラブルが相次ぎ運航停止となっていたボーイング787は、航空各社に経営面で大きな打撃を与えた。Airlines, including Japan Airlines and South America's LATAM Airlines Group, said profit took a hit because of the grounding of the 787s. は、AP 通信の記事から。

04. " take to the streets ／街頭で抗議する "
Hundreds of students living in poverty took to the streets of a central Tokyo shopping district to call for measures allowing them access to education and a better future. は、子どの貧困対策を訴えるデモについて伝えたThe Asahi Shimbun AJW の記事から。

05. hiatus ／（時間の）空白 "
ホンダが自動車レースの最高峰、フォーミュラ１（F1）に2015年に復帰することを正式に決めた。2008年以来７年ぶりで、Reuters 通信の記事が、Honda is returning to Formula One racing in 2015, after a seven-year hiatus, as McLaren's engine partner. と伝えた。

III -b. 英語でどう言う？
「大学入試」に関係のある表現

問題　1　模擬試験
自己評価のために、本番前に模擬試験を受けてみることを先生が勧めてくれた。
My teacher suggested that I take a ( ) exam for self-evaluation before the real one.
a. unannounced b. copy c. practice d. makeup

問題　2　山がはずれる
いつもは試験でうまく山を当てるのですが、今年の入試でははずれました。
I usually have a good shot at the questions on an exam, my guesses turned out to be ( ) on the entrance exam this year.
a. wrong b. failure c. off d. upset

問題　3　2年浪人する
私の兄は2浪して志望する大学に入った。
My brother got into the university of his choice after failing the entrance exam two years ( ).
a. in part b. on the up c. full d. in a row

問題　4　滑り止め
僕は東京大学に入りたいのですが、滑り止めに私大を3校受けるつもりです。
I want to go to the University of Tokyo but I will take the entrance exams at three private universities as ( ).
a. interrupter b. insurance c. safety lock d. slide gear

問題　5　入学願書
通ってみたい全ての大学に入学願書を送ることに決めました。
I decided to send admission ( ) to every school I want to go.
a. clarifications b. verifications c. notifications d. applications

問題　6　合格通知
北海道大学から合格通知が届きました。
I received a letter of ( ) from Hokkaido University.
a. engagement b. acceptance agreement d. congratulations

回答　1-c 2-a 3-d 4-b 5-d 6-b

III -c. Elementary Question
Question:
What is the name of the famous physicist who looked into how radiation affects the body? His name is used as a measurement unit (単位).
Answer: Sievert (シーベルト)
Rolf Maximilian Sievert (1896-1966) was a Swedish physicist who invented the instruments for measuring radiation doses. His name came to be used as a unit for measuring the effect of radiation in honor of his achievements.

IV. Jokes
a. Three men die on Christmas Eve and go to heaven, where they're met by Saint Peter. "In order to get in," he tells them, "yuo must each produce something representative of the holidays."
The first man digs into his pockets and pulls out a match and lights it. "This represents a candle of hope." Impressed, Peter lets him in.
The second man pulls out a tangle of keys and shakes them. "These are bells," he says, and is allowed in too.
"So," Peter says to the third man, "what do you have?" The third man proudly shows him a pair of red panties.
"What do those have to do with Christmas?" asks Peter.
"They're Carol's" the man replied.

b. I was really impressed when I heard my 70-year-old friend call his wife names like 'sweet' and 'honey'. When I was alone with him, I told him so. He replied, "I forgot her name years ago, and I've been too scared to ask her."

c. A small boy came home from his first day at Sunday school and began to empty his pockets of money - all coins - while his parents gasped in surprise. Finally his mother said, "Where did you get all that money?"
"At Sunday school," the boy replied nonchalantly. "They have bowls of it."

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