資料No. ： NS130612

資料No. ： NS130612

I-1 TOEIC, TOEFL練習問題
(1) TOEIC
1. Part V ； Incomplete Sentence練習問題
These are the types of problems that _______ eliminated before production begins.
(A) need 　(B) need to be　 (C) needs to be　 (D) necessary to be

2. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題
When I returned home I discovered that I _______ my wallet at the party.
(A) leave　 (B) did leave　 (C) left　 (D) had left

3. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題
Do you think Steve _______ be hired for the new vice-president's position?
(A) would　 (B) will　 (C) must　 (D) shall

4. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題
When I lived in Italy last July, I _______ a beach-side villa for the whole time.
(A) rent　 (B) rented　 (C) had been renting　 (D) had rented

5. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題
If we don't sell all our stock now, we _______ lose everything.
(A) are　 (B) did　 (C) will　 (D) would

6. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題
We need to find out _______ the new area manager will be.
(A) whom　 (B) who's　 (C) whose　 (D) who

7. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題
In the commotion, the diamond ring _______.
(A) lost　 (B) is lost　 (C) was lost　 (D) won't be lost

(2) TOEFL
1. 空所補充問題
Aluminum and magnesium are light, durable elemental metals, which ----- them ideal as structural materials.
(A) has　(B) lets　(C) makes　(D) allows

2. 空所補充問題
While we generally conceive of the sun rising due east and setting due west, this is only precisely true on two days of the year ----- one stands on the equator.
(A) without　(B) unless　(C) if not　(D) outside of

3. 空所補充問題
Artists ----- work is varied often find that people who love certain of their works are repulsed by others.
(A) whose　(B) their　(C) they　(D) who

4. 空所補充問題
During an average year, about 100,000 thunderstorms occur ----- the United States, generating about 1,000 tornadoes.
(A) in　(B) for　(C) at　(D) on

5. 空所補充問題
The earliest ----- are thought to have interacted with Neanderthals through trade, war and possibly interbreeding.
(A) when humans　(B) humans who　(C) as humans　(D) humans

6. 正誤問題
It is not the combustion of vinyl (A)that creates dioxin pollution, but (B)rather the release into the air of (C)their incompletely combusted chemical (D)components.

7. 正誤問題
The fact (A)that Paleolithic humans buried their dead (B)with tools, hunting weapons and provisions (C)suggest a belief (D)in some sort of afterlife.

8. 正誤問題
Commando forces (A)differ from regular military forces (B)that (C)they are specially trained to conduct (D)raids inside enemy territory.

9. 正誤問題
(A)In audio broadcasting, frequency modulation (B)has the advantage of (C)largely (D)eliminate the static that characterizes amplitude modulation.

10. 正誤問題
(A)Allow social interaction (B)through a wide variety of calls, vocalization is (C)crucial to many bird (D)species' survival.

I-2 TOEIC, TOEFL 練習問題解答
(1) TOEIC
1. Part V ； Incomplete Sentence練習問題
These are the types of problems that _______ eliminated before production begins.
(A) need 　(B) need to be　 (C) needs to be　 (D) necessary to be
訳；これらが生産を開始する前に取り除かれなければならない問題の種類です。
※正解（B）。関係代名詞 that の示すものは types で複数形であるから、(C)needs は続かない。eliminated「取り除かれる」と受け身のニュアンスであるので、前に be 動詞があると推測できる。

2. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題
When I returned home I discovered that I _______ my wallet at the party.
(A) leave　 (B) did leave　 (C) left　 (D) had left
訳；家に帰った時、財布をパーティーに忘れてきたことが判りました。
※正解(D)。全体が過去形で統一されているので、(A)は不可。(C)はleaveの過去および過去分詞。

3. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題
Do you think Steve _______ be hired for the new vice-president's position?
(A) would　 (B) will　 (C) must　 (D) shall
訳；スティーブが新副社長の地位に雇われると思いますか。
※正解(B)。意味上適切なものはひとつ。would は時制が問題。

4. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題
When I lived in Italy last July, I _______ a beach-side villa for the whole time.
(A) rent　 (B) rented　 (C) had been renting　 (D) had rented
訳；去年の 7 月にイタリアで過ごした時は、浜辺の別荘をずっと借りていました。
※正解(B)。難しく考えないように。普通に時制を一致させる。明確に定まった過去を表す when 節とともに現在完了は用いない。

5. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題
If we don't sell all our stock now, we _______ lose everything.
(A) are　 (B) did　 (C) will　 (D) would
訳；すぐに在庫を全部売らなければ、私たちはすべてを失うでしょう。
※正解(C)。 lose が原形動詞なので(A)は不可。意味上(B)も無理がある。If に続く節が don't なので、(D)would にする必要はない。

6. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題
We need to find out _______ the new area manager will be.
(A) whom　 (B) who's　 (C) whose　 (D) who
訳；新しい支部長が誰になるのか探らなくてはならない。
※正解(D)。「誰が…だ」という時の疑問代名詞。あとの will be という（助）動詞に対する主格が必要。

7. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題
In the commotion, the diamond ring _______.
(A) lost　 (B) is lost　 (C) was lost　 (D) won't be lost
訳；暴動の最中にダイヤの指輪がなくなりました。
※正解(C)。「失われた」と受け身のニュアンスで考えることが必要。

(2) TOEFL
1. 空所補充問題
Aluminum and magnesium are light, durable elemental metals, which ----- them ideal as structural materials.
(A) has　(B) lets　(C) makes　(D) allows
※正解(C)。【解説】　make「 ... にする」を使えば、「構造材料としては理想的である」の意味になる。

2. 空所補充問題
While we generally conceive of the sun rising due east and setting due west, this is only precisely true on two days of the year ----- one stands on the equator.
(A) without　(B) unless　(C) if not　(D) outside of
※正解(B)。【解説】　空所の後に文が来ていることから、withoutとoutside ofは除外できる。if notを使うなら、if one doesn't stand ... となるはずである。したがって、if notの意味を表すunlessが正解となる。

3. 空所補充問題
Artists ----- work is varied often find that people who love certain of their works are repulsed by others.
(A) whose　(B) their　(C) they　(D) who
※正解(A)。【解説】　findがこの文の主語である。空所にtheir、theyを入れては文が成立しない。空所の後に名詞workがあるので、whoseが正解となる。

4. 空所補充問題
During an average year, about 100,000 thunderstorms occur ----- the United States, generating about 1,000 tornadoes.
(A) in　(B) for　(C) at　(D) on
※正解(A)。【解説】　難しく考えることはない。雷を伴う嵐がどこで発生する(occur)かを言っているので、inを使えばいい。

5. 空所補充問題
The earliest ----- are thought to have interacted with Neanderthals through trade, war and possibly interbreeding.
(A) when humans　(B) humans who　(C) as humans　(D) humans
※正解(D)。【解説】　形容詞earliestの後には名詞が来るはずである。humans whoでは、この文全体の動詞が無いことになる。したがって、正解は(D) humansである。

6. 正誤問題
It is not the combustion of vinyl (A)that creates dioxin pollution, but (B)rather the release into the air of (C)their incompletely combusted chemical (D)components.
※正解(C)。【解説】　their → its。It... thatとratherの用法に問題はない。theirはvinylのことを指しているのでitsにしなくてはいけない。component「成分」は可算名詞。

7. 正誤問題
The fact (A)that Paleolithic humans buried their dead (B)with tools, hunting weapons and provisions (C)suggest a belief (D)in some sort of afterlife.
※正解(C)。【解説】　suggest → suggests。接続詞that、前置詞with、inに問題はない。動詞suggestはこの文の主語The factに呼応してsuggestsとしなければならない。

8. 正誤問題
Commando forces (A)differ from regular military forces (B)that (C)they are specially trained to conduct (D)raids inside enemy territory.
※正解(B)。【解説】　that → in that。differ from... は「……とは違う」の意味。thatのままでは前後の文が繋がらない。in that... 「……という点で」にすれば意味が通るようになる。theyはcommando forcesのこと。raids「奇襲（可算名詞）」。

9. 正誤問題
(A)In audio broadcasting, frequency modulation (B)has the advantage of (C)largely (D)eliminate the static that characterizes amplitude modulation.
※正解(D)。【解説】　eliminate → eliminating。前置詞in、動詞has、副詞largelyに誤りはない。前置詞ofの後に動詞を続ける場合には、eliminatingと動名詞にしなくてはならない。

10. 正誤問題
(A)Allow social interaction (B)through a wide variety of calls, vocalization is (C)crucial to many bird (D)species' survival.
※正解(A)。【解説】　Allow → Allowing 。Allowのままではこの文の動詞が２つになってしまう。Allowing (Since/Because it allowsの意味)と分詞構文にすれば、文が成立するようになる。前置詞throughに問題はない。be crucial to... 「……に極めて重要である」。speciesの所有格にはsを重ねずにアポストロフィー(')だけをつける。

II. 時事英文
Energy Security (その4：全6回シリーズ)
"We are just beginning to understand and appreciate the geostrategic impacts of these changes to the U.S. and global energy landscape," Mr. Donilon said.

"First and foremost, the United States is . . . pursuing an 'all of the above approach' to develop new sources of energy, expand oil and gas production, boost renewable power generation, support growth in nuclear power and increase energy efficiency, while also working to reduce reliance on imported oil."

"Second, we are working to manage potential causes of energy-related conflict," Mr. Donilon continued.

III - a. 雑知識
01. " keep a wary eye on / 用心深く～を監視する "
北朝鮮が中距離弾道ミサイル「ムスダン」の発射準備作業を停止したが、米国は朝鮮半島を巡る危機が当面続くとみている。Although the U.S. military has temporarily eased back from being on high alert, it will continue to keep a wary eye on Pyongyang. は、AJW の記事から。

02. " capitalize on ／～をフルに生かす "
Estrada, 76, capitalized on his movie-star popularity, particularly among the poor, to win Manila's mayoral election. は、フィリピンのマニラ市長選で、現職を破って当選を決めたエストラダ元大統領に関する AP 通信の記事から。同氏は元映画俳優。

03. " net loss ／純損失 "
シャープが５月14日に発表した2013年３月期決算は、純損益が過去最大の5453億円の赤字となった。Sharp posted an annual net loss of 545.3 billion yen for fiscal 2012, which ended in March. は、The Asahi Shimbun AJW の記事から。

04. " decommission ／原子力発電所を「閉鎖する」 "
敦賀原発２号機の原子炉建屋直下の断層が活断層であると断定する報告書がまとまり、廃炉になる公算が大きくなった。The No. 2 reactor at the Tsuruga nuclear power plant faces the strong possibility of being decommissioned. は、AJW の記事から。

05. " oomph ／活力、元気 "
力む時に出る「うっふん」という鼻息の擬音語から。Stronger consumer spending and public works investment coupled with aggressive monetary easing lent oomph to the recovery that began in the last quarter of 2012. は、金融緩和などによる景気回復について言及した AP 通信の記事から。

III -b. 英語でどう言う？
「料理」の用語

問題　1　みじん切りにする
玉ねぎの皮をむいて、みじん切りにして下さい。
Peel the onion and ( ) it into fine pieces.
a. whip b. chop c. stream d. coddle

問題　2　強くかき混ぜる
卵を2個割って、よくかき混ぜて下さい。
Break two eggs and ( ) them.
a. round b. rotate c. beat d. shutter

問題　3　解凍する
冷凍肉を室温でゆっくり解凍して下さい。
Allow enough time to ( ) the meat to room temperature.
a. break b. sweat c. draw d. defrost

問題　4　一口大に切る
ようじでつまめるように、パイナップルを一口大に切って下さい。
Cut the pineapple into ( )-size pieces so it is easy to pick them up with toothpicks.
a. bite b. chew c. crunch d. nibble

問題　5　小麦粉をまぶす
エビに小麦粉をまぶして揚げて下さい。
( ) the shrimp with flour and deep-fry them.
a. Coat b. Cover c. Rub d. Spread

問題　6　味付けする
肉に塩とコショウで味付けしてから、4～5分軽く炒めて下さい。
( ) the chicken with salt and pepper saute it for 4 to 5 minutes.
a. Patch b. Season c. Period d. Spell

回答　1-b 2-c 3-d 4-a 5-a 6-b

III -c. Elementary Question
Question:
What is the plant Gregor Johann Mendel (1822-1884) used for his research on how certain traits are inherited by children from thier bparents?
Answer: Pea (エンドウ)
He discovered Mendel's law by observing the seeds' shapes and the heights of the plants. His research achievements were recognized after his death.

IV. Jokes
a. A man with a huge grin approaches a priest. "Bless me, Father, for I have sinned," he says. "I've spent the week with seven beautiful women."
"Do not fret, my son," said the priest. "All you need to do is take seven lemons, sqweeze the juice into a glass, and drink the juice."
"Will that cleanse my sin from me?" asked the man incredulousely.
"No," replied the priest. "But it'll wipe that stupid smile off your face."

b. I was walking in a park the other day and I was pondering why a frisbee gets larger as it gets closer to you … and then it hit me.

c. AQs a child, I was made to walk the plank.
We couldn't afford a dog.

d. A married couple were in a terrible accident where the man's face was severely burned. The doctor told the husband that they couldn't graft any skin from his body because he was too skinny.
The wife then offered to donate some of her own skin. However, the only skin on her body that the doctor felt was suitable would have to come from her buttocks. The husband and wife agreed that they would tell no-one about where the skin came from, and they requested that the doctor also honor their secret. After all, this was a very delicate matter.
After the surgery was completed, everyone was astounded at the man's new face. He looked more handsome than he ever had before! All his friends and relatives just went on and on about his youthful beauty.
One day, he was alone with his wife, and he was overcome with emotion by her sacrifice. He said, "Dear, I just want to thank you for everything that you've done for me. How can I possibly repay you?"
"My darling," she replied, "I get all the thanks I need every time I see your mother kiss you on the cheek."

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