資料No. ： NS130508

資料No. ： NS130508

I-1 TOEIC, TOEFL練習問題
(1) TOEIC
1. Part V ； Incomplete Sentence練習問題
Reducing manufacturing expenses is our number one _______.
(A) priority　 (B) prediction　 (C) probability　 (D) promotion

2. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題
We take great pride _______ the opening of our Singapore office.
(A) to expand　 (B) to announce　 (C) in concluding　 (D) in announcing

3. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題
The new president _______ increase R&D spending.
(A) provides for　 (B) intends to　 (C) rejects the　 (D) supports an

4. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題
_______ you have made the copies, please take them down to accounting.
(A) While　 (B) After　 (C) During　 (D) Before

5. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題
In this _______ case, the difficulty seems to lie with the shippers.
(A) exactly　 (B) probably　 (C) also　 (D) particular

6. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題
_______ you been able to install the software yet?
(A) Had　 (B) Will　 (C) Were　 (D) Have

7. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題
As you _______ imagine, we are very worried about the delay.
(A) can　 (B) will　 (C) perhaps　 (D) ever

(2) TOEFL
1. 空所補充問題
It seems ----- just when the Asian art of paper folding emerged, although it is likely to have developed out of an older tradition of the decorative folding of cloth.
(A) not being clear　(B) to have been unclear　(C) unclear　(D) unclearly

2. 空所補充問題
The design of a building requires the architect ----- in a continuous dialogue between theoretical and practical considerations.
(A) to engage　(B) engaging　(C) engage　(D) engaged
.
3. 空所補充問題
The Treaty of Versailles formally ending World War I was harshly criticized not only by the vanquished, -----.
(A) and by the victors as well　(B) but by the victors as well　(C) but by the victors indeed　(D) or by the victors too

4. 空所補充問題
Since ancient boats were typically constructed out of perishable materials, archaeologists ----- find them intact and often must rely on contemporary artistic depictions of them.
(A) unlikely　(B) almost not ever　(C) hardly never　(D) rarely

5. 空所補充問題
----- the most valuable and endangered tree species of tropical South America are the hardwoods teak and mahogany.
(A) Within　(B) Throughout　(C) Among　(D) Without

6. 正誤問題
It was (A)after German author Thomas Mann received (B)the Nobel Prize for literature in 1929 that he (C)goes on to create his most mature and distinguished (D)works.

7. 正誤問題
(A)Historic linguistics (A)is the study of the (C)changes languages (D)undergo over the centuries.

8. 正誤問題
(A)A controversy is currently (B)being raged in the field of artificial intelligence (C)over whether 'intelligent' computers reproduce human intelligence, or (D)merely mimic it.

9. 正誤問題
Cryogenics (A)is the science, (B)while still in its infancy, of preserving dead animals in a frozen state and (C)attempting to revive (D)them at a later date.

10. 正誤問題
(A)The human vertebral column (B)are also known (C)as the backbone, the spine (D)and the spinal column.

I-2 TOEIC, TOEFL 練習問題解答
(1) TOEIC
1. Part V ； Incomplete Sentence練習問題
Reducing manufacturing expenses is our number one _______.
(A) priority　 (B) prediction　 (C) probability　 (D) promotion
訳；製造コストの削減が我々の第一の優先課題です。
※正解（A）。ボキャブラリーの問題。priority「優先、優先課題」。prediction「予測」。probability「可能性」。promotion「促進、昇格」。

2. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題
We take great pride _______ the opening of our Singapore office.
(A) to expand　 (B) to announce　 (C) in concluding　 (D) in announcing
訳；当社シンガポール支店の開店を発表することは大変な誇りです。
※正解（D）。 expand the opening of ...「開店を拡大する」では意味の上で不可。「発表する」の意味の announce が適切ですが、「誇りに思う」の take pride は通常 take pride in ... の形で用います。

3. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題
The new president _______ increase R&D spending.
(A) provides for　 (B) intends to　 (C) rejects the　 (D) supports an
訳；新しい社長は研究開発予算の増加を意図しています。
※正解(B)。 increase が「増加」の意味の名詞なのか、「増加させる」の意味の動詞なのかが問題。名詞であれば increase in R&D spending となるはず。前置詞 for や冠詞 the、an は名詞の前に置かれているはずです。

4. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題
_______ you have made the copies, please take them down to accounting.
(A) While　 (B) After　 (C) During　 (D) Before
訳；コピーを取り終わったら、会計に持っていってください。
※正解(B)。While や During は「…の間」の意味ですから、意味上不適切です。After か Before かの選択では、時間の前後関係を考えてみれば、難しい問題ではないはずです。

5. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題
In this _______ case, the difficulty seems to lie with the shippers.
(A) exactly　 (B) probably　 (C) also　 (D) particular
訳；この特殊なケースでは、問題は輸出者側にあるように思えます。
※正解(D)。 lie with ... は「…に在る」。意味の上よりも、むしろ文法的に考えたほうが分かり易いでしょう。case という名詞を修飾するのは形容詞でなければなりません。

6. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題
_______ you been able to install the software yet?
(A) Had　 (B) Will　 (C) Were　 (D) Have
訳；もうソフトウェアのインストールは済みましたか。
※正解(D)。 software と install はすでに日本語と考えてもいいでしょう。yet があるところからも、この文の時制は明らかと言えるでしょう。Will であれば、be 動詞は原形 be でなければなりません。Were では be 動詞が二つになってしまいます。

7. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題
As you _______ imagine, we are very worried about the delay.
(A) can　 (B) will　 (C) perhaps　 (D) ever
訳；お察しいただけるように、当方では遅れを大変に心配しています。
※正解(A)。文法的に助動詞が入ることは間違いなさそうです。ただし文法的に何が可能かを考える前に、As ..., の部分を見たことがあるか聞いたことがあることが重要です。多くの例文に接していれば必ずと言っていいほど出てくるはずの表現のひとつです。

(2) TOEFL
1. 空所補充問題
It seems ----- just when the Asian art of paper folding emerged, although it is likely to have developed out of an older tradition of the decorative folding of cloth.
(A) not being clear　(B) to have been unclear　(C) unclear　(D) unclearly
※正解(C)。【解説】　seemsの後に形容詞unclearを続ければ、「アジアの芸術である折り紙(paper folding)がいつ登場した(emerged)のか、その時期ははっきりしていないようである」の意味になる。

2. 空所補充問題
The design of a building requires the architect ----- in a continuous dialogue between theoretical and practical considerations.
(A) to engage　(B) engaging　(C) engage　(D) engaged
※正解(A)。【解説】　require ... to～で「……に～することを必要とする」の意味になる。正解は(A) to engageである。
.
3. 空所補充問題
The Treaty of Versailles formally ending World War I was harshly criticized not only by the vanquished, -----.
(A) and by the victors as well　(B) but by the victors as well　(C) but by the victors indeed　(D) or by the victors too
※正解(B)。【解説】　not only ... の後に来るのはbut alsoだが、alsoは省略されることがあるので、正解は(B) not by the victors as wellである。このas wellがalsoと同じ働きをしている。The Treaty of Versailles「ベルサイユ条約」。

4. 空所補充問題
Since ancient boats were typically constructed out of perishable materials, archaeologists ----- find them intact and often must rely on contemporary artistic depictions of them.
(A) unlikely　(B) almost not ever　(C) hardly never　(D) rarely
※正解(D)。【解説】　「古代の船は腐りやすい(perishable)材質で出来ていたので、そのままのかたちで(intact)見つけることは……」。この後に続く副詞は？rarely「めったにない」を使えば意味が通るようになる。

5. 空所補充問題
----- the most valuable and endangered tree species of tropical South America are the hardwoods teak and mahogany.
(A) Within　(B) Throughout　(C) Among　(D) Without
※正解(C)。【解説】　amongには「……の仲間である」という意味がある。The hardwoods teak and mahogany are among ... のamong ... が文頭に倒置されていることに注意。

6. 正誤問題
It was (A)after German author Thomas Mann received (B)the Nobel Prize for literature in 1929 that he (C)goes on to create his most mature and distinguished (D)works.
※正解(C)。【解説】　goes → went。接続詞after、冠詞theに問題はない。この文の時制は過去形なので、goesはwentになる。worksは可算名詞で「作品」の意味。

7. 正誤問題
(A)Historic linguistics (A)is the study of the (C)changes languages (D)undergo over the centuries.
※正解(A)。【解説】　Historic → Historical。historicは「歴史的に有名な」という意味。歴史言語学はhistorical linguisticsと言う。undergo「受ける、経験する」。

8. 正誤問題
(A)A controversy is currently (B)being raged in the field of artificial intelligence (C)over whether 'intelligent' computers reproduce human intelligence, or (D)merely mimic it.
※正解(B)。【解説】　being raged → raging。この場合のcontroversy「論争」は可算名詞。rage「激怒する」は自動詞、したがって、being ragedはragingにしなくてはいけない。前置詞over、副詞merelyの用法に誤りはない。

9. 正誤問題
Cryogenics (A)is the science, (B)while still in its infancy, of preserving dead animals in a frozen state and (C)attempting to revive (D)them at a later date.
※正解(B)。【解説】　while still → still。cryogenics「低温学」は単数なのでisに問題はない。while stillのwhileは余分である。attemptingは前のofに続いている。

10. 正誤問題
(A)The human vertebral column (B)are also known (C)as the backbone, the spine (D)and the spinal column.
※正解(B)。【解説】　are → is。冠詞theに問題はない。human vertebral column「人間の脊椎」は単数であるので、areではなくisで受ける。is also known as ... で「……としても知られている」の意味。接続詞andの用法に誤りはない。
themはanimalsのことである。

II. 時事英文
North Korean Proliferators Designated (その8：全8回シリーズ)
The United States continues to encourage North Korea to choose the path of peace and remains prepared to engage with North Korea if it changes its course. North Korea must demonstrate its seriousness of purpose and commitment to authentic and credible negotiations by taking meaningful steps to show it will abide by its denuclearization commitments and respect international law.

III - a. 雑知識
01. " upbeat / （景気の見通しなどが）楽観的な、上向きの "
Japanese manufacturers are more upbeat about business conditions than they were late last year, but less so than expected. は、日本銀行が４月１日に発表した３月の企業短期経済観測調査（短観）に関する AP 通信の記事から。

02. " yardstick / （評価や判断などの）基準、尺度 "
The 2:1 ratio in the value of a vote has been used as an informal yardstick in deciding if a Lower House election was constitutional. は、衆院の「一票の格差」に関する The Asahi Shimbun AJW の記事から。最大格差２倍が違憲の目安とされる。

03. " lean toward / 気持ちが～に傾く "
President Barack Obama is leaning toward picking Caroline Kennedy to be the next U.S. ambassador to Japan. は、米オバマ政権がルース駐日大使の後任に故ケネディ元大統領の娘キャロライン・ケネディ氏を任命する見通しであることを伝えた Reuters 通信の記事から。

04. " on alert / 警戒態勢で "
北朝鮮による弾道ミサイル発射に備えて安倍政権は破壊措置命令を出した。Aegis destroyers of the Maritime Self-Defense Force are now on alert for any provocation by North Korea. は、海上配備型迎撃ミサイル搭載のイージス艦が警戒にあたっていることを伝えた The Asahi Shimbun AJW の記事から

05. " in anticipation of / ～を予想して "
村上春樹さんの新作の発行部数が、発売前に50万部に達したと文芸春秋が発表した。
Major publishing house Bungeishunju Ltd. has prepared 500,000 copies in anticipation of high demand for Haruki Murakami's latest novel. は、The Asahi Shimbun AJW の記事から。

06. " boon / 有り難いこと、恩恵、朗報 "
In Japan, there are growing expectations that the yen will decline further, which will be a boon for Japanese exports. は、さらなる円安を期待する日本の輸出産業界に関する The Asahi Shimbun AJW の記事から。

07. " handbag / 人を無慈悲に扱う "
故サッチャー元英首相が愛用していたハンドバックから、「人を無慈悲に扱う」の意味で使われるようになった。
Her boxy, black handbag became such a recognizable part of her image that her way of dressing down ministers and opponents became known as "handbagging." は AP 通信の記事から。dress down ＝叱りつける

III -b. 英語でどう言う？
｢商品・小売り｣に関係のある表現

問題　1　薄利多売
私の母が経営する宝石店では安い物しか扱っていません。薄利多売です。
My mother's jewelry store carries only inexpensive things. She runs a low-( ) high-volume business.
a. margin b. bidding c. root d. exchange

問題　2　全品7割引き
その靴店は閉店セール中で、全品7割引きで購入できます。
The shoe store is having a closing sale and you get a 70 percent ( ) on every item.
a. credit b. guarantee c. specialty d. discount

問題　3　問い合わせが殺到する
モーターショーの期間中、その自動車会社には新型モデルに関する問い合わせが殺到した。
During the auto show, the company was ( ) with inquires about the latest model.
a. attached b. extended c. flooded d. slammed

問題　4　デパ地下
デパートへ買い物に行く時は、必ずデパ地下をぶらぶらすることにしています。
Whenever I go shopping at a department store, I never fail to browse the food department in the ( ).
a. attic b. auditorium c. basement d. deck

回答　1-a 2-d 3-c 4-c

III -c. News Glossary
class-action lawsuit
集団訴訟
Less under the spotlight March 11 will be a class-action lawsuit being filed against the government and Tokyo Electric Power Co., the utility that operates Fukushima No. 1 nuclear plant, demanding all land, the natural environment and homes be restored to their status before March 11, 2011.
　(東日本大震災から2年になる)3月11日には注目度は高くないが、国と福島第一原発を操業する東京電力に対して集団訴訟が起こされる。原告側はすべての土地、環境、住居を2011年3月11日前の状態に戻すように求める。

IV. Jokes
a. Work Ethic
The phone bill was exceptionally high one month, and the man of the house decided to call a family meeting.
Dad: Listen, all. This is unacceptable. You have to limit the use of the phone. I don't even use this phone - I use the one at the office.
Mum: Same here. I hardly use this home telephone, because I use my work telephone.
Son: Me too, I never use the home phone. I always use my company mobile.
Maid: What is the problem? So we all use our work telephones.

b. Jack wakes up with a horrible hangover and a throbbing black eye. The first thing he sees is a single rose on the side table and a note from his wife: "Dear, breakfast is ready. I've gone shopping to make you your favorite dinner tonight. I love you!"
He stumbles to the kitchen, and sure enough, there's breakfast. "Joe," he says to his son, "whatever happened last night?"
"You came home drunk and got that black eye tripping over a chair."
"So why the rose, breakfast, and sweet note from your mother?"
"Oh, that. Mum dragged you to the bedroom, and when she tried to take off your clothes, you screamed, 'Leave me alone, I'm married!' "

c. A father was talking to his young daughter, who was sitting comfortably on his lap. "Does Mummy take care of me?" the little girl asked her dad,
The father answered, "Of course she does. Your mother takes care of you when you are sick, tucks you to bed, and sings for you."
She then asked, "Does Grandpa take care of me?" The father answered, "Of course. Your grandfather brings you gifts during the holidays."
She asked again, "Does big sister take care of me?" The father answered, "Of course. She cooks for you and takes you to the park."
The little girl then asked, "Does Nanny take care of me?" The father answered, "Of course! Your nanny washes and irons your clothes and also cleans the house just for you."
Satisfied, the little girl then concluded, "So Mum was right - you are good for nothing Dad!"

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