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資料No. ： NS121226
I-1 TOEIC, TOEFL練習問題 (1) TOEIC 1. Part V ； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 We were taught at school that the Pilgrim Fathers _______ on Plymouth Rock in Massachusetts. (A) landed (B) have landed (C) had landed (D) had been landed 2. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 It was quite likely that the President _______ in to the intense lobbying from pressure groups. (A) has given (B) had given (C) should give (D) should be giving 3. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 He must have fooled my secretary into thinking that he _______ my brother-in-law. (A) be (B) is (C) was (D) been 4. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 _______ he desired to lead a peaceful and tranquil life, he could certainly have done so. (A) If (B) Were (C) Has (D) Had 5. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 We lost the game, but we _______ won if one of our players hadn't been hurt. (A) might well have (B) might have been (C) might well (D) may have 6. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 We intend to submit _______ that special legislation be passed allocating disaster relief funds to the people in the disaster area. (A) an advise (B) an upshot (C) a request (D) a reason 7. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 He _______ the boxing match, but I don't know because I wasn't there. (A) may well win (B) may not have win (C) may well have won (D) may not well have won (2) TOEFL 1. 空所補充問題 The Pyramids of Egypt are recognized ------ the greatest monuments of all time. (A) in being those (B) and are certain (C) as being some of (D) of being among 2. 空所補充問題 Many people decide to ------ new hobbies, such as fishing or gardening, when they retire. (A) take up (B) take away (C) take over (D) take out 3. 空所補充問題 ------ , many people begin to think realistically for the first time about how long they will live. (A) In 40s (B) It is the 40s (C) During their 40s (D) They are the 40s 4. 空所補充問題 The fact that someone is strongly convinced of an idea does not ------ mean that the idea is correct. (A) in always (B) forever (C) of ever (D) necessarily 5. 空所補充問題 There are usually several means ------ a complex geometrical problem. (A) to solve (B) can solve (C) by them can be solved (D) we use them to solve 6. 正誤問題 Liquid is (A)defined as material that (B)change its shape to (C)conform to the shape of (D)its container. 7. 正誤問題 The (A)Swiss army knife, (B)still in use by the military of that country, has become (C)a symbol of ingenuity and (D)useful. 8. 正誤問題 Nuclear fusion is (A)many more difficult to control (B)for practical purposes (C)than nuclear (D)fission. 9. 正誤問題 It is common (A)for adults to say they wish they (B)don't have to grow old, but it is (C)just as common to forget the (D)difficulties of childhood. 10. 正誤問題 Sharks generally prefer (A)not to eat human flesh even (B)when they have gained (C)a fearsome reputation (D)over the years. I-2 TOEIC, TOEFL 練習問題解答 (1) TOEIC 1. Part V ； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 We were taught at school that the Pilgrim Fathers _______ on Plymouth Rock in Massachusetts. (A) landed (B) have landed (C) had landed (D) had been landed 訳； 私たちは学校でピルグリムファーザーズが上陸したのはマサチューセッツ州にあるプリマスの岩だと教わった。 ※正解(A)。【着眼点】that 節の内容が歴史上の事実（と見なされている事柄）に言及している点に注意。このような場合は主節の時制とは無関係に話し手の立場から過去の事柄として直接その内容を把握することになる。したがって、正解は (A)の landed となる。 2. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 It was quite likely that the President _______ in to the intense lobbying from pressure groups. (A) has given (B) had given (C) should give (D) should be giving 訳； 大統領が圧力団体からの強い働きかけに屈したというのは十分考えられることだった。 ※正解(B)。【着眼点】主節が It was quite likely と過去時制をとっているので、that 節にも過去系列の動詞 (had given)を配置する。 【選択肢】likely に続く節の中では、話し手の主観的な強い感情を表す should は使えない（×It is likely that Samson should have married Delian in the first place）。 3. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 He must have fooled my secretary into thinking that he _______ my brother-in-law. (A) be (B) is (C) was (D) been 訳； 彼は私の秘書をだまして彼と私が義理の兄弟だと思い込ませたに違いない。 ※正解(C)。 【文構造】「fool ＋人 (my secretary)＋〜ing」は「人をだまして〜させる」の意。 【着眼点】「法助動詞＋完了形」(must have fooled) は意味的には過去時に言及するものであり、過去時制と同等であると見なすことができる。問題文は「法助動詞＋完了形」の後に直接 that 節が現れているわけではないが、「秘書がだまされて that 以下のこと（＝事実ではないこと）を思い込まされたに違いない」という流れだから、that 節には過去時制の動詞をもってくるのがふさわしい。 4. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 _______ he desired to lead a peaceful and tranquil life, he could certainly have done so. (A) If (B) Were (C) Has (D) Had 訳； 彼が安穏に生きていこうと思えばきっとそれも可能だったろう。 ※正解(D)。【着眼点】「望んでいたらできただろう (could have done)」という過去に言及する文脈なので仮定法過去完了の形（＝had ＋過去分詞）を採用。 [＊Had he（＝If he had）desired ... は if の省略に伴う倒置] 5. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 We lost the game, but we _______ won if one of our players hadn't been hurt. (A) might well have (B) might have been (C) might well (D) may have 訳； 結果は負け試合だったが、負傷者がなければうちが勝っていただろう。 ※正解(A)。【着眼点】「試合に負けた」という過去の事実の後、but... と続き最後に「選手の1人が負傷していなかったら」という仮定法過去完了がきている。この流れから but 以下の主節には「勝っていただろうに」(might have won) がくるとわかる。 【選択肢】「人に勝つ」は「beat＋人」とは言うが「win＋人」とは言わないから、 (B)のように「人（＝we）」を主語に立てた受け身の形も当然不可（→ 仮に言えたとしても文脈上不可）。(D)は、現実に起こらなかったことを取り上げて「…だったろうに」と言う場合には用いない。 【注意】well は法助動詞の意味を強める副詞。 6. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 We intend to submit _______ that special legislation be passed allocating disaster relief funds to the people in the disaster area. (A) an advise (B) an upshot (C) a request (D) a reason 訳； 我々は被災地の人々への災害救援基金を設定する特別立法可決要求を提出するつもりである。 ※正解(C)。【文構造】submit ___ that ... は「that 以下という旨の___ を提出する」の意で、___ にくる名詞と that 以下は同格の関係。allocating は legislation（立法）にかかる現在分詞の形容詞用法。 【着眼点】that 節内の V (be passed)が原形（＝仮定法現在）である点に注目。 【選択肢】(A)は advise が動詞だから問題外。(B)の upshot（結果[論]）は同格の that 節を従える用法それ自体を欠く。（cf. The upshot is that ... の構文は可）(D)の reason は仮定法現在をとる用法はない。 7. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 He _______ the boxing match, but I don't know because I wasn't there. (A) may well win (B) may not have win (C) may well have won (D) may not well have won 訳； たぶん彼はボクシングの試合に勝ったと思うのですが、私は試合を見に行っていないのでわかりません。 ※正解(C)。【着眼点】can [could] やmay [might] の直後に置かれた副詞のwellは本動詞よりも法助動詞と強く結びつき、法助動詞の意味を強める働きをする（ → 例えばmay well 〜（たぶん〜だろう）はmay単独よりも確信度が高くなる）。 【選択肢】終了した試合の結果を推測する文脈なので (A) は不自然。(B) は ... have winという形を見ただけで候補外。(D) のようにmay well 〜を否定文で用いるのも通例不可。 【注意】may well 〜には他に｢〜するのももっともだ｣の意もある。また控え目な言い方ではmayがmightとなる。慣用句ではこの他にmay [might] (just) as well 〜（＝（是非というわけではないが）〜してもよい）に注意。 (2) TOEFL 1. 空所補充問題 The Pyramids of Egypt are recognized ------ the greatest monuments of all time. (A) in being those (B) and are certain (C) as being some of (D) of being among ※正解(C)。【解説】 be recognized as ... で「... として見なされている」の意味を表す。したがって、asを含む選択肢 as being some ofが正解となる。 2. 空所補充問題 Many people decide to ------ new hobbies, such as fishing or gardening, when they retire. (A) take up (B) take away (C) take over (D) take out ※正解(A)。【解説】 各動詞の意味を確認しよう。take up「(趣味を)始める」 take away「持っていく」、take over「引き継ぐ」、take out「持って帰る」。正解はtake upである。 3. 空所補充問題 ------ , many people begin to think realistically for the first time about how long they will live. (A) In 40s (B) It is the 40s (C) During their 40s (D) They are the 40s ※正解(C)。【解説】 In 40sでは冠詞のtheが不足している。It is the 40sではisとbeginで動詞がダブることになる。これはThey are the 40sにも当てはまる。正解はDuring their 40sである。 4. 空所補充問題 The fact that someone is strongly convinced of an idea does not ------ mean that the idea is correct. (A) in always (B) forever (C) of ever (D) necessarily ※正解(D)。【解説】 in alwaysはinが余分である。foreverとof everでは意味が通じない。necessarilyならばnot necessarily mean that ... 「... を意味するとは限らない」の意味になる。 5. 空所補充問題 There are usually several means ------ a complex geometrical problem. (A) to solve (B) can solve (C) by them can be solved (D) we use them to solve ※正解(A)。【解説】 meansは名詞で「手段」の意味。There areがあるので、この後にcan solveは使えない。by them can be solvedも動詞がダブルことになる。we use them to solveはthemが余分である。正解はto solveである。 6. 正誤問題 Liquid is (A)defined as material that (B)change its shape to (C)conform to the shape of (D)its container. ※正解(B)。【解説】 関係代名詞thatの先行詞は単数形materialである。したがって、それを受けるchangeはchangesになる。 7. 正誤問題 The (A)Swiss army knife, (B)still in use by the military of that country, has become (C)a symbol of ingenuity and (D)useful. ※正解(D)。【解説】 andの前には名詞ingenuity「工夫、精巧」がある。これに合わせて形容詞usefulは名詞useにしなくてはいけない。 8. 正誤問題 Nuclear fusion is (A)many more difficult to control (B)for practical purposes (C)than nuclear (D)fission. ※正解(A)。【解説】 比較級more ... thanを強調する場合にはmanyではなく、muchあるいはfarなどを使わなくていけない。 9. 正誤問題 It is common (A)for adults to say they wish they (B)don't have to grow old, but it is (C)just as common to forget the (D)difficulties of childhood. ※正解(B)。【解説】 wishがあることに注目。これは仮定法なので、don'tではなくdidn'tを用いることになる。 10. 正誤問題 Sharks generally prefer (A)not to eat human flesh even (B)when they have gained (C)a fearsome reputation (D)over the years. ※正解(B)。【解説】 even whenでは前後の意味が繋がらない。even though「〜なのだが」に換えれば意味が通るようになる。 II. 時事英文 International Anti-Corruption Day 2012 (その3：全7回シリーズ) That's because corruption is a threat to development, democracy and stability. It distorts markets, drives up prices, stunts economic growth and discourages foreign investment. It erodes the delivery of public services and trust in governments and officials. III - a. 雑知識
｢舌｣に関連のある表現 問題 1 猫舌 このスープはおいしそうだね。でも、少し冷ましてからでないと。猫舌なもので。 This soup looks good, but I have to let it cool a bit. My tongue is very ( ) to heat. a. opposite b. counter c. hard d. sensitive 問題 2 舌をかむ この単語の発音は難しくて、舌をかみそうだ。 I get all tongue-( ) when I try to pronounce this difficult word. a. thrilled b. tied c. tested d. tried 問題 3 舌足らずの説明 店員の説明が舌足らずだったので、新型携帯電話の様々な機能が十分に理解できなかった。 Because of the sales clerk's ( ) explanation, I couldn't fully understand several functions of the new cell phone. a. sketchy b. baseless c. stretched d. colorless 問題 4 舌の根も乾かぬうちに 首相は辞任すると言ったが、舌の根も乾かぬうちに辞めないと言いだした。 The prime minister said he would resign but in the same ( ) he said he would stay in the post. a. voice b. breath c. head d. mouth 回答 1-d 2-b 3-a 4-b III -c. News Glossary synod 教会会議 On Oct. 7, Pope Benedict XVI opens a two-week synod, or meeting of the world's bishops, summoned to Rome to chatr the church's future evangelization mission and celebrate the 50th anniversary of the Second Vatican Council. 10月7日、ローマ法王ベネディクト16世は2週間にわたる教会会議を開催する。世界中の司教をローマに招集して行う会議で、カトリック教会の今後の福音活動の方針を決定し、第2バチカン公会議開催50周年を祝う。 IV. Jokes a. "Son, sometimes, some workers bring their work home. I urge you to never, ever bring your work home, or any part of it," said a mother to her son, who had just landed a job. A neighbor, who'd overheard the mother, asked, "Why are you so emphatic about your son not bringing his work home? What does he do?" The mother replied, "He's an embalmer." b. Pet Psychology Seen on the Internet: In the mind of the dog: "The humans offer me food, love and shelter. They must be my gods." In the mind of the cat: "The humans offer me food, love and shelter. I must be their god." c. An explorer in the Amazon suddenly finds himself surrounded by a hundred natives. Panicking, he mumbles, "Oh, God. I'm screwed." The sky darkens, and a voice booms out, "No, you are not screwed. Pick up that stone at your feet and slay the chief with it." The explorer picks up the stone and does just that. He looks up from the chief's lifeless body in time to see the natives angrily lift their spears. Just then the voice booms out again: "OK, now you're screwed." d. My friend's wife said to him, "Can my mother come down for the weekend?" "Why?" he asked, "She's been in the attic since Christmas." e. People often accuse me of eavesdropping. I don't mind. I just wish they'd have the guts to say it to my face. |