|
資料No. ： NS120718
I-1 TOEIC, TOEFL練習問題 (1) TOEIC 1. Part V ； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Nancy _______ to look after her neighbor's children for the evening. (A) required (B) ordered (C) was asked (D) was wished 2. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 After you do your homework, be sure to _______ up your room. (A) have cleaned (B) cleaning (C) be cleaned (D) clean 3. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 I _______ a lot better if you had helped me. (A) do (B) did (C) had done (D) could have done 4. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 _______, you'll be expected to do much better. (A) In the future (B) Last year (C) For the previous month (D) By next week 5. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Unless the weather _______ soon, we'll never complete the project on time. (A) has improved (B) improves (C) would improve (D) improved 6. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 The brain has two halves and _______ thin layers of membrane. (A) cover (B) covers (C) are covered by (D) is covered with 7. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 We were taught at school that the Pilgrim Fathers _______ on Plymouth Rock in Massachusetts. (A) landed (B) have landed (C) had landed (D) had been landed (2) TOEFL 1. 空所補充問題 The clear, transparent yellow, orange red and brown varieties of the crystallized mineral known as zircon ----- gemstones. (A) often used as are (B) are often used as (C) used as are often (D) as are often used 2. 空所補充問題 ----- charged subatomic particles can be studied in a device called a spark chamber. (A) Electric (B) Electricity (C) Electrically (D) Electronics 3. 空所補充問題 Since Stonehenge is constructed of such massive stones, the people who built it must ----- extraordinary technological capabilities. (A) have had (B) to have (C) been having (D) have been 4. 空所補充問題 The job of a lobbyist is to get ----- to the benefit of vested interests. (A) legislators modified decisions (B) decisions to modify by legislators (C) that legislators modify decisions (D) legislators to modify decisions 5. 空所補充問題 Scientists have isolated chemicals that ----- in more or less aggressive ways. (A) make people to behave (B) making people behave (C) make people behave (D) making people behaving 6. 正誤問題 Thomas Young is (A)best known for his outstanding contributions (B)to the science of optics, (C)although he was also an important physician, (D)physics and Egyptologist. 7. 正誤問題 A liquid is generally defined (A)as a substance (B)that assumes the shape of its container (C)over normal atmospheric and gravitational (D)conditions. 8. 正誤問題 German engineer Karl Benz was one of the early (A)pioneer (B)in the development of vehicles (C)powered by internal combustion (D)engines. 9. 正誤問題 Tax filing procedures have become (AQ)such complex (B)that many taxpayers have no choice (C)but to have professionals (D)file for them. 10. 正誤問題 Many cactus plants (A)feature sharp thorns (B)that protect the flesh and fruit of the plant (C)from desert birds and (D)another animals. I-2 TOEIC, TOEFL 練習問題解答 (1) TOEIC 1. Part V ； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Nancy _______ to look after her neighbor's children for the evening. (A) required (B) ordered (C) was asked (D) was wished 訳；夕方、近所の子の世話をしてほしいとナンシーは頼まれた。 ※正解(C)。【着眼点】requireやorderにはto不定詞を目的語にとる構文自体が存在しない cf. I require you to do this job.；You are required to do this job. や He ordered us to follow him.；We were ordered to follow him. は可)。wishには「wish＋Ｏ＋to不定詞」の構文はあるが、これに対応する受動文はない。 2. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 After you do your homework, be sure to _______ up your room. (A) have cleaned (B) cleaning (C) be cleaned (D) clean 訳；宿題をやったら、必ず部屋を片付けなさい。 ※正解(D)。to 不定詞ですから、動詞は原形でなければなりません。(A)も形のうえでは原形になっていますが、意味上不可。(C)も原形ですが受け身の形になってしまっているので不可です。 3. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 I _______ a lot better if you had helped me. (A) do (B) did (C) had done (D) could have done 訳；もし君が手伝ってくれていれば、もっとうまくできたのに。 ※正解(D)。... if 以下が had helped の形をとっていますから、「もしも（あの時）君が…していたなら」という意味を持つ仮定法過去完了です。したがって、正解も「私は（あの時）…できたはずだったのに」という意味を持ちうる形にしなければなりません。 4. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 _______, you'll be expected to do much better. (A) In the future (B) Last year (C) For the previous month (D) By next week 訳；将来的にはもっとうまくやれるように期待しています。 ※正解(A)。you ... 以下が will を使った未来形になっていますから、未来の時を表す表現が文中に使われているはずです。(D)は「来週までには、〜期待されるだろう」で、意味上不可。 5. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Unless the weather _______ soon, we'll never complete the project on time. (A) has improved (B) improves (C) would improve (D) improved 訳；すぐに天気がよくならなければ、時間通りにそのプロジェクトを完了させられないだろう。 ※正解(B)。この文は Unless が「もし…でなければ」（If ... not）の意味で条件を表す副詞節を導くことになり、このような節の中では、主節（we'll ... 以下）が未来形であっても、未来の形はとりません。 6. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 The brain has two halves and _______ thin layers of membrane. (A) cover (B) covers (C) are covered by (D) is covered with 訳；脳は右脳と左脳からなり、幾層かの薄膜でおおわれている。 ※正解(D)。【文構造】主語はbrainで、andはbrainについて述べている2つの述部（has two halvesと_____ thin layers of membrane）を結んでいる。 【着眼点】and以下の述部を完成させる問題なのでThe brain _____ thin layers of membrane. と単純化して考える。brainが単数名詞であることに着目した時点で (A) と (C) がまず消える。残るは (B) と (D) だがbrainがthin ... membraneをcoverしているのではなくてその逆なので、空所にはis covered withがくる。なお、「be＋過去分詞＋by以外の前置詞」の組み合わせにも注意。 7. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 We were taught at school that the Pilgrim Fathers _______ on Plymouth Rock in Massachusetts. (A) landed (B) have landed (C) had landed (D) had been landed 訳；私たちは学校でピルグリムファーザーズが上陸したのはマサチューセッツ州にあるプリマスの岩だと教わった。 ※正解(A)。【着眼点】that 節の内容が歴史上の事実（と見なされている事柄）に言及している点に注意。このような場合は主節の時制とは無関係に話し手の立場から過去の事柄として直接その内容を把握することになる。したがって、正解は (A)の landed となる。 (2) TOEFL 1. 空所補充問題 The clear, transparent yellow, orange red and brown varieties of the crystallized mineral known as zircon ----- gemstones. (A) often used as are (B) are often used as (C) used as are often (D) as are often used ※正解(B)。【解説】 The clearからzirconまでがこの文の主語になるので、空所には動詞が入る。したがって、(D)は不可。また、usedを動詞として用いても文は成立しないので(A)と(C)も正解ではない。(B)を空所に入れれば「……としてよく使われる」の意味になる。transparent「透明な」、zircon「ジルコン」、gemstone「宝石の原石」。 2. 空所補充問題 ----- charged subatomic particles can be studied in a device called a spark chamber. (A) Electric (B) Electricity (C) Electrically (D) Electronics ※正解(C)。【解説】 chargedはsubatomic particles「素粒子」にかかる過去分詞。空所にはchargedを修飾する語がは入ることになるので、正解は(C) Electrically（副詞）。electrically chargedで「電荷を帯びた」の意味になる。 3. 空所補充問題 Since Stonehenge is constructed of such massive stones, the people who built it must ----- extraordinary technological capabilities. (A) have had (B) to have (C) been having (D) have been ※正解(A)。【解説】 mustの後に不定詞to、beenは使えない。must have had... を空所に入れれば「並はずれた技術力を持っていたに違いない」の意味になる。 4. 空所補充問題 The job of a lobbyist is to get ----- to the benefit of vested interests. (A) legislators modified decisions (B) decisions to modify by legislators (C) that legislators modify decisions (D) legislators to modify decisions ※正解(D)。【解説】 getには「get+人+to+動詞」の使役用法（なんとか……させる）がある。(D)がこれに該当する。lobbyist「ロビイスト」、legislator「国会議員」。 5. 空所補充問題 Scientists have isolated chemicals that ----- in more or less aggressive ways. (A) make people to behave (B) making people behave (C) make people behave (D) making people behaving ※正解(C)。【解説】 makeの使役用法に注目。makeの場合には後に来る動詞は原形になるので、(C)make people behaveが正解。 6. 正誤問題 Thomas Young is (A)best known for his outstanding contributions (B)to the science of optics, (C)although he was also an important physician, (D)physics and Egyptologist. ※正解(D)。【解説】 physics → physicist。physics「物理学」の前後の語に注目。physician「医師」、Egyptologist「エジプト学者」と人を表す語が並んでいるので、physicsはphysicist「物理学者」にしなくてはいけない。 7. 正誤問題 A liquid is generally defined (A)as a substance (B)that assumes the shape of its container (C)over normal atmospheric and gravitational (D)conditions. ※正解(C)。【解説】 over → under。【解説】be defined as... で「……として定義される」の意味。関係代名詞thatに問題はない。「……の状況下では」の意味を表すには前置詞overではなくunderを用いる。conditionは可算名詞。 8. 正誤問題 German engineer Karl Benz was one of the early (A)pioneer (B)in the development of vehicles (C)powered by internal combustion (D)engines. ※正解(A)。【解説】 pioneer → pioneers。one of the earlyの後のpioneerを複数形にしなければ文が成立しない。前置詞in、(that/which were) powered by、可算名詞enginesに問題はない。 9. 正誤問題 Tax filing procedures have become (AQ)such complex (B)that many taxpayers have no choice (C)but to have professionals (D)file for them. ※正解(A)。【解説】 such → so。complex「複雑な」は形容詞なので、suchではなくsoを用いる。これでso... that構文になる。 10. 正誤問題 Many cactus plants (A)feature sharp thorns (B)that protect the flesh and fruit of the plant (C)from desert birds and (D)another animals. ※正解(D)。【解説】 another → other。この場合のfeatureは「……を特徴とする」の意味。関係代名詞that、protect... fromに問題はない。animalsと複数形になっているので、anotherではなくotherを用いる。 II. 時事英文 Clinton In Mongolia (その1：全5回シリーズ) "We have all come to Mongolia to reaffirm our support [for] democracy in the region and the world, and in particular, to highlight the role and opportunities for women in democracies," U.S. Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton said recently at the International Women's Leadership Forum held in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia. III - a. 雑知識
｢目｣に関連した表現 問題 1 ちらっと見える 飛行機の窓から富士山の頂上がちらっと見えました。 We caught a ( ) 0f the top of Mount Fuji from the window of our plane. a. moment b. glimpse c. blink d. upshot 問題 2 目をそむける 通りでマリコとばったり会ったが、僕とは話をしたくないかのように目をそむけた。 I ran into Mariko on the street, but she ( ) as if she didn't want to talk to me. a. carried by b. watched over c. swayed back d. turned away 問題 3 にらみつける 見逃しの三振を喫すると、その打者は怒って審判をにらみつけた。 After being called out on strike, the batter ( ) at the umpire with anger. a. glared b. crossed c. blinded d. overlooked 問題 4 目の保養 週末にはよく美術館に行きます。たくさんの美術品はいつも目の保養になります。 I often visit museum on weekends. The many works of art are always a ( ) for the eyes. a. decoration b. beverage c. feast d. sweet 回答 1-b 2-d 3-a 4-c III -c. News Glossary face-saver メンツを保つ措置 A tentative deal to allow activist Chinese lawyer Chen Guangcheng to study in the United States serves as a face-saver for all involved: Washington can say it safeguarded human rights, Beijing can point to its cooperative diplomacy and Chen gets a new start in America. 中国の人権活動家で弁護士の陳光誠(チェン・コワンチョン)氏に米国留学を許可するという暫定的な(米中)合意は、関係者すべてのメンツを保つ措置といえます。つまり、米政府は人権を擁護したと主張でき、中国政府も協調外交を示すことができ、さらに陳氏は米国で新たな生活を始めることができるからです。 IV. Jokes a. A budget air flight was forced to make an emergency landing. The crew stayed professional throughout, however. They offered seat belts to passengers for a $10 additional charge. b. My mother is a dog lover. One day, she was feeding our 23 dogs when one of my uncles called. She answered the phone hastily, and received the good news that my aunt was pregnant. Preoccupied with her dogs, she replied, "When she gives birth, I would like to have the spotted one." c. Before my daughter went on her first date, I gave her "the talk". "Sometimes, it's easy to get carried away when you're with a boy," I said. "Remember, a short moment of indiscretion could ruin your life." "Don't worry," she said. "I don't plan on ruining my life until I get married." d. Driving back from Vermont, I stopped at a vegetable stand. It was deserted except for a sleeping German shepherd. I stepped over the dog, helped myself to some corn, then opened the cashbox to pay. Taped to the inside of the lid was this note: "This dog can count." e. My wife and I were at my high school reunion. As I looked around, I noticed the other men in their expensive suits with their bulging stomachs. Proud of the fact that I weighed just five pounds more than I did when I was in high school - the result of trying to beat a living out of a rock hillside farm - I said to my wife, "I'm the only guy here who can wear the suit he graduated in." She glanced at the prosperous crowds and said wryly, "You're the only one here who has to." f. When my petite mother found her seat on the airplane, she was crushed between my 90-plus-kilo father and another large man. "I bet you wish you'd married a smaller man," my father said. My mother mumbled, "I did." g. My uncle Joe, who is my father's younger brother, prides himself on never using obscene language. One day, Dad was driving to the shops with Uncle Joe in the passenger's seat. A driver in the next lane rudely cut them off, instantly rousing Dad's ire. Furious, Dad switched lanes and pulled up alongside the other driver. Since he was too far away from the driver to give him a proper verbal bashing, he commanded Uncle Joe to deliver it for him. "Curse at him!" he ordered. Always the dutiful younger brother, Uncle Joe stuck his head out the window and yelled, "CURSE!" |