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資料No. ： NS120711
I-1 TOEIC, TOEFL練習問題 (1) TOEIC 1. Part V ； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 It was quite likely that the President _______ in to the intense lobbying from pressure groups. (A) has given (B) had given (C) should give (D) should be giving 2. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 He must have fooled my secretary into thinking that he _______ my brother-in-law. (A) be (B) is (C) was (D) been 3. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 _______ he desired to lead a peaceful and tranquil life, he could certainly have done so. (A) If (B) Were (C) Has (D) Had 4. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 We lost the game, but we _______ won if one of our players hadn't been hurt. (A) might well have (B) might have been (C) might well (D) may have 5. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 We intend to submit _______ that special legislation be passed allocating disaster relief funds to the people in the disaster area. (A) an advise (B) an upshot (C) a request (D) a reason 6. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 He _______ the boxing match, but I don't know because I wasn't there. (A) may well win (B) may not have win (C) may well have won (D) may not well have won 7. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 We _______ afford to take our eyes off the road for an instant while driving at more than 100 miles per hour. (A) can't (B) needn't (C) mustn't (D) shouldn't (2) TOEFL 1. 空所補充問題 ----- thick ridges of bristle in its enormous, permanently grinning mouth, the right whale feeds on plankton that it strains from the surface of the water. (A) Equipped with (B) Equipped to (C) Equipping at (D) For equipping 2. 空所補充問題 The tree shrews are the ----- primitive of the primates, while humans are the most advanced. (A) many (B) most (C) more (D) much 3. 空所補充問題 The Eddas are two well-known ----- of ancient Icelandic literature. (A) collections (B) collected (C) collectors (D) collectives 4. 空所補充問題 The Babylonians conquered the southern kingdom of Judea in 586 B.C., ----- the Jewish Temple in Jerusalem. (A) had destroyed (B) destroyed (C) destroying (D) to destroy 5. 空所補充問題 If water is heated under pressures higher than average atmospheric pressure at sea level, ----- until it reaches a temperature higher than 100 degrees C or 212 degrees F. (A) it is not boiling (B) it boils not (C) it would not boil (D) it will not boil 6. 正誤問題 (A)Even water that feels comfortably warm (B)to the touch can cause hypothermia (C)on prolonged contact if it is (D)significant lower than natural body temperature. 7. 正誤問題 The function of the kidneys (A)is (B)served as filters that help (C)remove impurities (D)from the bloodstream. 8. 正誤問題 A parent may make a child (A)to conform to behavioral patterns (B)that adults associate with positive cultural (C)attributes, but these behaviors are not (D)necessarily an indication of healthy development. 9. 正誤問題 The lower-case letter 'a' (A)had developed (B)a standard shape about 300 years (C)late than the upper-case version of the letter (D)by 300 A.D. 10. 正誤問題 The theory of continental drift (A)was (B)bolstering in 1970 (C)by the discovery of fossilized reptile bones (D)on Antarctica. I-2 TOEIC, TOEFL 練習問題解答 (1) TOEIC 1. Part V ； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 It was quite likely that the President _______ in to the intense lobbying from pressure groups. (A) has given (B) had given (C) should give (D) should be giving 訳；大統領が圧力団体からの強い働きかけに屈したというのは十分考えられることだった。 ※正解(B)。【着眼点】主節が It was quite likely と過去時制をとっているので、that 節にも過去系列の動詞 (had given)を配置する。 【選択肢】likely に続く節の中では、話し手の主観的な強い感情を表す should は使えない（×It is likely that Samson should have married Delian in the first place）。 2. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 He must have fooled my secretary into thinking that he _______ my brother-in-law. (A) be (B) is (C) was (D) been 訳；彼は私の秘書をだまして彼と私が義理の兄弟だと思い込ませたに違いない。 ※正解(C)。【文構造】「fool ＋人 (my secretary)＋〜ing」は「人をだまして〜させる」の意。 【着眼点】「法助動詞＋完了形」(must have fooled) は意味的には過去時に言及するものであり、過去時制と同等であると見なすことができる。問題文は「法助動詞＋完了形」の後に直接 that 節が現れているわけではないが、「秘書がだまされて that 以下のこと（＝事実ではないこと）を思い込まされたに違いない」という流れだから、that 節には過去時制の動詞をもってくるのがふさわしい。 3. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 _______ he desired to lead a peaceful and tranquil life, he could certainly have done so. (A) If (B) Were (C) Has (D) Had 訳；彼が安穏に生きていこうと思えばきっとそれも可能だったろう。 ※正解(D)。【着眼点】「望んでいたらできただろう (could have done)」という過去に言及する文脈なので仮定法過去完了の形（＝had ＋過去分詞）を採用。 [＊Had he（＝If he had）desired ... は if の省略に伴う倒置] 4. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 We lost the game, but we _______ won if one of our players hadn't been hurt. (A) might well have (B) might have been (C) might well (D) may have 訳；結果は負け試合だったが、負傷者がなければうちが勝っていただろう。 ※正解(A)。【着眼点】「試合に負けた」という過去の事実の後、but... と続き最後に「選手の1人が負傷していなかったら」という仮定法過去完了がきている。この流れから but 以下の主節には「勝っていただろうに」(might have won) がくるとわかる。 【選択肢】「人に勝つ」は「beat＋人」とは言うが「win＋人」とは言わないから、 (B)のように「人（＝we）」を主語に立てた受け身の形も当然不可（→ 仮に言えたとしても文脈上不可）。(D)は、現実に起こらなかったことを取り上げて「…だったろうに」と言う場合には用いない。 【注意】well は法助動詞の意味を強める副詞。 5. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 We intend to submit _______ that special legislation be passed allocating disaster relief funds to the people in the disaster area. (A) an advise (B) an upshot (C) a request (D) a reason 訳；我々は被災地の人々への災害救援基金を設定する特別立法可決要求を提出するつもりである。 ※正解(C)。【文構造】submit ___ that ... は「that 以下という旨の___ を提出する」の意で、___ にくる名詞と that 以下は同格の関係。allocating は legislation（立法）にかかる現在分詞の形容詞用法。 【着眼点】that 節内の V (be passed)が原形（＝仮定法現在）である点に注目。 【選択肢】(A)は advise が動詞だから問題外。(B)の upshot（結果[論]）は同格の that 節を従える用法それ自体を欠く。（cf. The upshot is that ... の構文は可）(D)の reason は仮定法現在をとる用法はない。 6. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 He _______ the boxing match, but I don't know because I wasn't there. (A) may well win (B) may not have win (C) may well have won (D) may not well have won 訳；たぶん彼はボクシングの試合に勝ったと思うのですが、私は試合を見に行っていないのでわかりません。 ※正解(C)。【着眼点】can [could] やmay [might] の直後に置かれた副詞のwellは本動詞よりも法助動詞と強く結びつき、法助動詞の意味を強める働きをする（ → 例えばmay well 〜（たぶん〜だろう）はmay単独よりも確信度が高くなる）。 【選択肢】終了した試合の結果を推測する文脈なので (A) は不自然。(B) は ... have winという形を見ただけで候補外。(D) のようにmay well 〜を否定文で用いるのも通例不可。 【注意】may well 〜には他に｢〜するのももっともだ｣の意もある。また控え目な言い方ではmayがmightとなる。慣用句ではこの他にmay [might] (just) as well 〜（＝（是非というわけではないが）〜してもよい）に注意。 7. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 We _______ afford to take our eyes off the road for an instant while driving at more than 100 miles per hour. (A) can't (B) needn't (C) mustn't (D) shouldn't 訳；時速100マイルを超すスピ−ドで車を走らせているときには一瞬たりともよそ見などできない [よそ見などしたら大変だ] 。 ※正解(A)。【文構造】while driving ...はwhile we are driving ...の意。 【着眼点】afford to 〜は｢〜しても大丈夫である｣の意だが、この用法のaffordと結びつくのはcan, could, be able toなどである。したがって正解は (A)。can't afford to 〜は｢〜する余裕などない [〜したら大変なことになる] ｣の意。 (2) TOEFL 1. 空所補充問題 ----- thick ridges of bristle in its enormous, permanently grinning mouth, the right whale feeds on plankton that it strains from the surface of the water. (A) Equipped with (B) Equipped to (C) Equipping at (D) For equipping ※正解(A)。【解説】 equipには前置詞withが伴うことを知っていれば答えがすぐに分かる。be equipped with... で「……が備わっている」の意味になる。文頭のBeingが略されている。right whale「セミクジラ」、bristle「剛毛」。 2. 空所補充問題 The tree shrews are the ----- primitive of the primates, while humans are the most advanced. (A) many (B) most (C) more (D) much ※正解(B)。【解説】 while以下にthe mostが使われることがヒントになる。the mostとthe mostを使って対比しているのである。tree shrew「キネズミ」、primate「霊長類」。 3. 空所補充問題 The Eddas are two well-known ----- of ancient Icelandic literature. (A) collections (B) collected (C) collectors (D) collectives ※正解(A)。【解説】 形容詞well-knownの後に過去分詞collectedが来るはずがない。The Eddasとは「アイルランド語で書かれた古代の詩歌集」のことである。したがって、正解は(A) collections「収集物」である。 4. 空所補充問題 The Babylonians conquered the southern kingdom of Judea in 586 B.C., ----- the Jewish Temple in Jerusalem. (A) had destroyed (B) destroyed (C) destroying (D) to destroy ※正解(C)。【解説】 この文の動詞はconqueredである。(A) (B)を空所に入れると動詞がダブることになる。分詞destroyingを使えばand destroyedの意味を表し文が繋がるようになる。目的を表す(D) to destroyは不可。 5. 空所補充問題 If water is heated under pressures higher than average atmospheric pressure at sea level, ----- until it reaches a temperature higher than 100 degrees C or 212 degrees F. (A) it is not boiling (B) it boils not (C) it would not boil (D) it will not boil ※正解(D)。【解説】 (B) it boils notの語順がおかしいのは明らか。If water is... となっているので(C) it would not boil（仮定法）は不可。進行形ではなく未来形(D) it will not boilを空所に入れれば「もし〜すると、……までしない」の意味になる。atmospheric pressure「大気圧」。 6. 正誤問題 (A)Even water that feels comfortably warm (B)to the touch can cause hypothermia (C)on prolonged contact if it is (D)significant lower than natural body temperature. ※正解(D)。【解説】 significant → significantly。文頭のEven、前置詞to、onに問題はない。significantはlowerを修飾しているので、ここでは副詞significantlyを用いる。hypothermia「低体温」。 7. 正誤問題 The function of the kidneys (A)is (B)served as filters that help (C)remove impurities (D)from the bloodstream. ※正解(B)。【解説】 served → to serve。isは単数の主語The functionに呼応している。受け身served as... は一見すると問題がないように思えるが、is以下で腎臓の機能に関する説明をしているので、不定詞を用いてto serve as... 「……として働くこと」にしなければ意味が通らない。helpの後のto不定詞は頻繁に省略される。またremoveに対応した前置詞fromに誤りはない。 8. 正誤問題 A parent may make a child (A)to conform to behavioral patterns (B)that adults associate with positive cultural (C)attributes, but these behaviors are not (D)necessarily an indication of healthy development. ※正解(A)。【解説】 to conform → conform。to conformの前に使役動詞makeが使われているのでtoは不要である。関係代名詞that、可算名詞attributes「特性、属性」、not necessarily「必ずしも……ではない」の用法に問題はない。 9. 正誤問題 The lower-case letter 'a' (A)had developed (B)a standard shape about 300 years (C)late than the upper-case version of the letter (D)by 300 A.D. ※正解(C)。【解説】 late → later。lateの後にthanがあることに注目。laterにしなければ比較の文にならない。lower-case「小文字の」、upper-case「大文字の」。 10. 正誤問題 The theory of continental drift (A)was (B)bolstering in 1970 (C)by the discovery of fossilized reptile bones (D)on Antarctica. ※正解(B)。【解説】 bolstering → bolstered。bolsterは「支持する」という意味の他動詞である。後にbyが出てくるので、ここはbolsteredと受け身にしなければ意味が通らない。fossilized「化石化した」。 II. 時事英文 Human Rights Still Suffer In Cuba (その5：全5回シリーズ) The Cuban government also placed severe limitations on freedom of speech and press, restricted freedom of movement and limited freedom of religion. Worker rights were restricted as well, particularly the freedom to form independent unions. The United States is committed to the work of advancing universal rights, building the partnerships that will move us forward, helping every man, woman, and child live up to their potential. In cases of nations such as Cuba, we are also committed to speaking out for those unable to do so for themselves. III - a. 雑知識
｢スポーツ｣に関連した表現 問題 1 (打ちっ放しの)ゴルフ練習場 私は父の指導のもとで、毎週日曜日に(打ちっ放しの)ゴルフの練習場で練習している。 I practice at a ( ) range every Sunday under my father's guidance. a. smashing b. hitting c. driving d. hammering 問題 2 草野球チーム 10歳になる息子は最近、近所の草野球チームに入り、三塁を守っている。 My 10-year-old son recently joined the ( ) baseball team in my neighborhood and plays third base. a. grass-root b. sandlot c. green field d. dirt track 問題 3 懸垂をする 兄は腕の力をつけるために毎日、懸垂を100回している。 My brother does 100 ( ) every day to build up his arm muscles. a. make-ups b. sit-ups c. stand-ups d. pull-ups 問題 4 ジョギングで2〜3周する。 ゴールした後、その選手は整理運動のためにジョギングでトラックを2〜3周した。 After crossing the finish line, the athlete jogged a couple of ( ) around the track to cool down. a. circles b. passes c. rounds d. laps 回答 1-c 2-b 3-d 4-d III -c. News Glossary dozing off at the wheel 居眠り運転 The driver has admitted to dozing off at the wheel, and there was no evidence he had hit the brakes. 運転手は居眠り運転をしていたことを認め、現場にはブレーキを踏んだ跡はなかった。 IV. Jokes a. Four surgeons were on a lunch break talking about their work. The first surgeon said, "I think accountants are the easiest to operate on. You open them up and everything inside is numbered." The second surgeon said, "I think librarians are the easies to operate on. You open them up and everything inside is in alphabetical order." The third surgeon said, "I like to operate on electricians. You open them up and everything inside is color-coded." The fourth surgeon said, "I like to operate on lawyers. They're spineless, gutless and their heart isn't there." b. When my boss returned to the office, he was told that everyone had been looking for him. That set him off on a speech about how indispensable he was to the company. "Actually," interrupted his assistant, "you left with the key to the stationery closet." c. A weary traveler knocks on the door of a remote rural pub. The George and Dragon. I'm lost and hungry," he tells the landlady. "Could you give me some food?" Peering at his dirty clothes, she tells him to go away. "Could I at least use the toilet?" he pleads. "Go away!" she hisses again. "Fine, fine," he says. "But can I just ask …" "What?" she shouts. "Is George in?" d. One day Lion summoned all the other animals in the jungle. "Each of you must tell a joke," he said. "But if anyone fails to laugh, I'll kill the person who told it. Monkey, you go first." Monkey began. "Two men go into a bar …" When he delivered the punch line, everyone roared with laughter, except Tortoise. So Lion pounced on Monkey and killed him. Next up was Elephant. He told his joke and, again, everyone laughed except Tortoise. So Lion pounced on Elephant and killed him. The animals were furious with Tortoise, but no-one dared to move. Tiger began his joke, but when he was about one sentence in, Tortoise suddenly rolled over and began kicking his feet in the air, giggling his head off. "What's wrong with you?" roared an irate Lion. "Tiger isn't even finished with his gag yet!" "I'm sorry," said Tortoise, gasping between laughs, "but Monkey's joke was simply too funny!" |