資料No. ： NS120606  

I-1 TOEIC, TOEFL練習問題
(1) TOEIC
1. Part V ； Incomplete Sentence練習問題
If I were going to college, _______ live on campus.
(A) I'd (B) I'll (C) I had (D) I did

2. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題
When do you think _______ boys will be done with the game?
(A) them (B) that (C) those (D) they're

3. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題
Since I didn't speak Russian, I could barely make myself _______.
(A) communicative (B) understanding (C) communication (D) understood

4. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題
We recommend that _______ a higher grade of steel.
(A) you use (B) you are using (C) you to use (D) you used

5. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題
You _______ to try that new Thai restaurant across from the bank.
(A) should (B) always (C) ought (D) could

6. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題
Reducing manufacturing expenses is our number one _______.
(A) priority (B) prediction (C) probability (D) promotion

7. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題
We take great pride _______ the opening of our Singapore office.
(A) to expand (B) to announce (C) in concluding (D) in announcing

(2) TOEFL
1. 空所補充問題
Proponents of cosmetic surgery construe it ----- an effective solution to problems of low self esteem.
(A) for　(B) to　(C) as　(D) of

2. 空所補充問題
According to the theory of economic "hollowing", a nation's economy is weakened when it ----- greater growth in service industries than in manufacturing industries.
(A) experience　(B) experiences　(C) to experience　(D) experiencing

3. 空所補充問題
Scientists now believe that somewhere on earth there ----- a catastrophic impact with an asteroid about 65 million years ago.
(A) must　(B) must be　(C) must have　(D) must have been

4. 空所補充問題
The first sporting event to be filmed was a boxing match ----- Jack Cushing and Mike Leonard in 1894, shot by Thomas Edison himself.
(A) in　(B) over　(C) through　(D) between

5. 空所補充問題
The pristine waters of Antarctica were fouled by an oil spill in 1989 for the first time ----- history.
(A) on　(B) in　(C) at　(D) of

6. 正誤問題
(A)For obvious reasons, it is considered (B)unethical for a student to have someone else (C)to write his or her term (D)papers.

7. 正誤問題
Trees are (A)the important part of the ecosystem, (B)since (C)they absorb the carbon dioxide (D)emitted by animals, and emit the oxygen animals need.

8. 正誤問題
(A)Almost doctors recommend (B)that patients avoid (C)indulging in smoking, excessive drinking and (D)a diet high in salt, sugar and fat.

9. 正誤問題
Ancient Greek (A)chronicler Herodotus traveled (B)to the far (C)reaches of the known world of the time and recorded (D)vast amount of information.

10. 正誤問題
Numerologists claim to (A)be able to judge character and (B)foretelling the future (C)through mathematical analysis of (D)known events.

I-2 TOEIC, TOEFL 練習問題解答
(1) TOEIC
1. Part V ； Incomplete Sentence練習問題
If I were going to college, _______ live on campus.
(A) I'd (B) I'll (C) I had (D) I did
訳；もし大学に行くとすれば、キャンパス内に住みます。
※正解(A)。仮定法過去の文型。助動詞の過去形が必要。

2. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題
When do you think _______ boys will be done with the game?
(A) them (B) that (C) those (D) they're
訳；あの男の子たちはいつゲームを終えると思いますか
※正解(C)。(A)them は文法的につながらない。boys が複数形であるから、(B)that も不可。

3. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題
Since I didn't speak Russian, I could barely make myself _______.
(A) communicative (B) understanding (C) communication (D) understood
訳；私はロシア語を話さないので、あまり自分の意思を伝えられませんでした。
※正解(D)。make はここでは「…にする」の意味。myself は understanding「理解している」の側ではなく、understood「理解されている」の側のはずです。

4. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題
We recommend that _______ a higher grade of steel.
(A) you use (B) you are using (C) you to use (D) you used
訳；もっと質の高い鋼鉄を使用することをお勧めします。
※正解(A)。recommend「勧める、薦める」のように人に何かを勧める意味の動詞や、他人に何かを要求する意味の動詞が目的語に that 節をとる場合、that 以下が主語＋動詞の原形をとります。このような動詞の代表的なものには demand, urge, request などがあります。

5. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題
You _______ to try that new Thai restaurant across from the bank.
(A) should (B) always (C) ought (D) could
訳；銀行の向かい側の新しいタイ料理レストランに行ってみるべきです。
※正解(C)。文中、空所の後ろの to が最大のポイントです。should や could といった助動詞は後ろが動詞の原形のはずです。
副詞 always の場合も to は不要です。ought to ... でひとつの助動詞扱いで、「…すべきである」の意味。

6. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題
Reducing manufacturing expenses is our number one _______.
(A) priority (B) prediction (C) probability (D) promotion
訳；製造コストの削減が我々の第一の優先課題です。
※正解(A)。ボキャブラリーの問題。priority「優先、優先課題」。prediction「予測」。probability「可能性」。promotion「促進、昇格」。

7. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題
We take great pride _______ the opening of our Singapore office.
(A) to expand (B) to announce (C) in concluding (D) in announcing
訳；当社シンガポール支店の開店を発表することは大変な誇りです。
※正解(D)。expand the opening of ...「開店を拡大する」では意味の上で不可。「発表する」の意味の announce が適切ですが、「誇りに思う」の take pride は通常 take pride in ... の形で用います。

(2) TOEFL
1. 空所補充問題
Proponents of cosmetic surgery construe it ----- an effective solution to problems of low self esteem.
(A) for　(B) to　(C) as　(D) of
※正解(C)。【解説】　construe〜as ... で「〜を…ｂ…と解釈する」の意味になる。proponent「支持者」、self esteem「自尊心」。

2. 空所補充問題
According to the theory of economic "hollowing", a nation's economy is weakened when it ----- greater growth in service industries than in manufacturing industries.
(A) experience　(B) experiences　(C) to experience　(D) experiencing
※正解(B)。【解説】　空所にはwhen節の動詞が入ることになるので(B) experiencesが正解となる。hollowing「空洞化」。

3. 空所補充問題
Scientists now believe that somewhere on earth there ----- a catastrophic impact with an asteroid about 65 million years ago.
(A) must　(B) must be　(C) must have　(D) must have been
※正解(D)。【解説】　文末のabout 65 million years agoからわかるように空所には過去の出来事を表す語句が入るはずである。(D) must have beenを空所に入れれば「隕石による壊滅的な衝突があったに違いない」という意味になる。

4. 空所補充問題
The first sporting event to be filmed was a boxing match ----- Jack Cushing and Mike Leonard in 1894, shot by Thomas Edison himself.
(A) in　(B) over　(C) through　(D) between
※正解(D)。【解説】　空所の後にandを挟んでJack CushingとMike Leonardが並んでいる点に注目。正解は(D) betweenである。

5. 空所補充問題
The pristine waters of Antarctica were fouled by an oil spill in 1989 for the first time ----- history.
(A) on　(B) in　(C) at　(D) of
※正解(B)。【解説】　for the first time in historyで「歴史上で初めて」の意味になる。pristine「自然のままの、原始時代の」、foul「汚す」。

6. 正誤問題
(A)For obvious reasons, it is considered (B)unethical for a student to have someone else (C)to write his or her term (D)papers.
※正解(C)。【解説】　to write → write/writing。前置詞for、unethical「非倫理的な」の用法に問題はない。「have+人+動詞原形」で「（人に）させる、してもらう」の意味になるのでtoは必要ない。この場合のpaper「レポート、論文」は可算名詞である。

7. 正誤問題
Trees are (A)the important part of the ecosystem, (B)since (C)they absorb the carbon dioxide (D)emitted by animals, and emit the oxygen animals need.
※正解(A)。【解説】　the → an。「一部分」を表す場合にはthe part ofではなくa part ofを用いる。接続詞since、treesを受けるtheyの用法に問題はない。emitted by ... の前にはthat/which isが略されている。ecosystem「生態系」、carbon dioxide「二酸化炭素」、emit「放出する」。

8. 正誤問題
(A)Almost doctors recommend (B)that patients avoid (C)indulging in smoking, excessive drinking and (D)a diet high in salt, sugar and fat.
※正解(A)。【解説】　Almost → Most。文頭のAlmostに注目。「ほとんどの ... は」と言う場合には、AlmostではなくMostを用いる。indulge in ... 「……にふける、おぼれる」。

9. 正誤問題
Ancient Greek (A)chronicler Herodotus traveled (B)to the far (C)reaches of the known world of the time and recorded (D)vast amount of information.
※正解(D)。【解説】　vast → a vast。chronicler「年代記作者」、traveled to ... 「 ……に旅した」に問題はない。この場合のreachは名詞でfar reachesで「はるか彼方」の意味。amount「量」は可算名詞なのでvastの前には冠詞aが必要である。

10. 正誤問題
Numerologists claim to (A)be able to judge character and (B)foretelling the future (C)through mathematical analysis of (D)known events.
※正解(B)。【解説】　foretelling → foretell。be able toに問題はない。foretellingはjudge同様be able toの後に続いているのでここではforetellingではなく原形foretellを用いる。throughは「……によって」、knownは「既知の」という意味。numerologists「数占い師」。

II. 時事英文
Human Rights Still Suffer In Cuba (その1：全5回シリーズ)
U.S. Secretary of State Hillary Clinton has sent Congress the Department's assessment of human rights around the world during 2011. The reports, required by law, evaluate the human rights performance of the governments of every country and a number of territories, and lawmakers as well as authorities in the executive branch use the reports to help shape our nation's foreign policies.

III - a. 雑知識
  1. flash mob は、ウェブでの呼びかけに応じた参加者が特定の場所に集まって行動を起こすこと。Hundreds of protesters have been staging flash mobs across the city. は、ロシアのプーチン氏の大統領就任以来、拡大しつつある「反プーチン」集会について伝えた AP 通信の記事から。
  2. pie in the sky は、「実現性のないもの」の意味。東京電力の新会長に就く下河辺（しもこうべ）和彦氏は、会見で「原発を想定しない計画は現実には絵に描いた餅だ」と述べた。"... any plan that does not include nuclear energy would be nothing more than a pie-in-the-sky blueprint." は、The Asahi Shimbun AJW の記事から。
  3. juggle（球をジャッグルする）には、仕事や時間を「上手にやりくりする」の意味がある。ゴルフの石川遼選手が家庭生活とゴルフの両立を目指していきたいと、朝日新聞のコラムの中で語った。I hope to juggle my job and time with my family, and do my best to protect my family. は、The Asahi Shimbun AJW の記事から。
  4. curl up は、犬や猫などが「体を丸める」の意味。竜巻で行方不明になっていた茨城県つくば市北条の大関英也さん宅の雑種犬「ワン太郎」が飼い主のもとに帰ってきた。Wantaro was found curled up and uninjured near the heavily damaged home of the Ozeki family. は、The Asahi Shimbun AJW の記事から。
  5. put ... on the line は、「〜を賭ける」の意味。Prime Minister Yoshihiko Noda again put his political life on the line May 8, when Diet deliberations finally started on legislation to raise the consumption tax rate. は、野田首相が不退転の決意で臨む消費増税関連法案の審議入りに関する The Asahi Shimbun AJW の記事から。
  6. muscle out は「引きずり降ろす」の意味。Hyundai Motor Co. has been muscling out Toyota Motor Corp. and Honda Motor Co. in areas where the Japanese automakers had been particularly strong. は、韓国の現代自動車が、米国市場で存在感を増していることを伝えたThe Asahi Shimbun AJW の記事から。
  7. taste（味わう）は、比喩的に「〜を経験する」の意味がある。Saori Yoshida, the gold medalist in the 2004 and 2008 women's 55-kg division, has never tasted defeat at an Olympics or a world or Asian championships. は、レスリング女子55キロ級の吉田沙保里選手に関するReuters 通信の記事から。
  8. herd（＜動物の＞群れ）は、動詞で（家畜を）「駆り集める、移動させる」の意味がある。Border collies are bred to herd sheep indefatigably all day long. は、ニューヨーク・タイムズ紙に掲載された犬の「ボーダーコリー」に関する記述。牧羊犬として世界で最も活躍している犬種と言われている。indefatigably＝根気強く。
  9. free-spending は「使いたい放題にお金を使う」の意味。Free-spending new rich have made China a key growth market for luxury goods makers. は、高級品市場として成長する中国に関するAP 通信の記事から。派手にお金を使う新富裕層が、中国を世界の高級品の主要な市場にしたことへの言及。
  10. notch は「段階」の意味があり、国債の格付けに関するニュースで頻出する。米格付け会社スタンダード・アンド・プアーズ（S＆P）は、スペインの長期国債の格付けを「A」から「BBB＋」に２段階引き下げた。Standard & Poor's lowered Spain's long-term credit rating by two notches. は、AP 通信の記事から。
III -b. 英語でどう言う？
｢金銭｣に関連した表現

問題　1　赤字
我が家の家計は今月も赤字だ。
Our household budget for this month is again ( ) the red.
a. with b. in c. on d. from

問題　2　多額の借金を抱える
アオキさんはギャンブルで多額の借金を抱えているので、海外旅行どころではない。
Mr. Aoki can't afford to travel overseas because he is ( ) in debt from gambling.
a. poorly b. expensively c. heavily d. scarecely

問題　3　ケチな
あの億万長者はとてもケチで、慈善事業に寄付したことなど一度もない。
That billionaire is so tight-( ) that he has never made a donation to a charity.
a. fisted b. lipped c. palmed d. wallet

問題　4　なけなしの金
僕はなけなしの金をはたいて、彼女の誕生日プレゼントに銀のネックレスを買った。
I spent ( ) little money I had on a silver necklace for my girlfriend's birthday present.
a. where b. what c. that d. whichever

回答　1-b 2-c 3-a 4-b

III -c. News Glossary
Nuclear Security Summit
核保安サミット
The Nuclear Security Summit in Seoul, Korea, has called for the reduction in the use of enriched uranium, which could be used to make nuclear weapons.
　韓国のソウルで開催されていた核保安サミットは、核兵器に転用可能な濃縮ウランの使用削減を求めた。

IV. Jokes
a. My insurance company initially refused to pay for my newborn son's circumcision. I got a letter explaining their logic.
Under the procedure "circumcision", they wrote: "Unable to locate member."

b. I turned to my father one night and said, !It's amazing - 50 years and you never once had an affair. How do you account for that?"
He replied: "I can't drive."

c. My friend Sue has worked and lived in Halifax since graduating in nursing. Originally from a small town, she enjoyed the wide array of ethnic restaurants found in the city.
During one visit back home, she decided to prepare a curry, and found nearly everything she needed in her mum's kitchen and pantry. Nervous that the curry would be too spicy for her family, she asked her brother to taste-test it.
"Not too spicy at all," he told her.
However, when they were all eating, Sue couldn't detect the slightest taste of curry. "Mum, where did you buy that curry powder?" she asked.
"Oh, I don't know where it came from, dear," answered her mother. "It came with the spice rack that I got as a gift when your dad and I got married."

d. My father was holding his youngest grandson, aged two weeks. His two-year-old granddaughter asked him why the baby was not talking.
My father replied, "He's too young to speak. He will speak when he grows up."
Hearing this she said, "No, he will speak when his teeth appear."
To this, he responded: "No, no-one speaks with their teeth. We speak with our tongue."
She retorted promptly: "Then he should speak now - he's already got his tongue, hasn't he?"

e. My three-year-old nephew, Oliver, was spending his first day in kindergarten.
When his parents went for him, the kindergarten teacher excitedly related to them: "No child has ever told me anything like that. He stood before me and asked, 'Do you have a car?' When I replied that I do, he said, "Then put me in it and take me home."

f. Our decrepit printer refuses to take paper from me, but our nine-year-old son always uses it without a problem. I asked him his secret.
"It knows that I take everything apart," he said, "and is afraid that I might want to fix it. But it also knows that I wouldn't be able to put it back together again, so instead it obeys me."


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