|
資料No. ： NS120328
I-1 TOEIC, TOEFL練習問題 (1) TOEIC 1. Part V ； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Tobacco smoke contains about 4,000 _______, including 200 known poisons. (A) chemicals (B) nutrition (C) obstacles (D) neutrons 2. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Temperatures have ranged from 43 to 50 across India over the past month, _______ the hottest summer in 50 years. (A) in making (B) made of (C) they made (D) making it 3. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Thirteen European countries have signed the first _______ international ban on human cloning as controversy over such experiments heats up. (A) bound (B) binding (C) bind (D) binder 4. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 A little thing to _______ about is that not many housewives are using the Internet. (A) be concerned (B) do concerning (C) do concerned (D) concernment 5. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 The pressures that now drive recycling come _______ from companies, but from governments and voters. (A) straight (B) all (C) not (D) anywhere 6. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 They set such a high quota that _______ of the workers could meet the standards. (A) most (B) a lot (C) all (D) none 7. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Many AIDS experts voiced skepticism _______ the vaccine would actually prevent HIV infection in very many people. (A) about whether (B) on which (C) only because (D) in case (2) TOEFL 1. 空所補充問題 --- the right conditions, an acorn the size of the tip of your thumb can grow into a mighty oak 120 feet high. (A) Throughout (B) Given (C) For (D) Without 2. 空所補充問題 The Pyramids of Egypt are the oldest ----- the wonders of the ancient world noted in the Antipater of Sidon in the second century B.C. (A) to (B) of (C) in (D) on 3. 空所補充問題 ----- closely related to the wild hawk, the falcon is smaller and may be distinguished by different wingtip configurations. (A) Although (B) Since (C) Unlike (D) Despite 4. 空所補充問題 Lighter-than-air dirigibles were used by commercial airlines in Germany until they were ----- obsolete by more modern aircraft. (A) taken (B) put (C) shifted (D) rendered 5. 空所補充問題 The rate at which a cricket chirps ----- a mathematical function of the air temperature measured in degrees. (A) are (B) does (C) is (D) has 6. 正誤問題 A century (A)ago, light bulbs had to be manufactured (B)by hand, (C)that made them unreliable and (D)extremely expensive. 7. 正誤問題 (A)By some estimates, the average temperature (B)at the earth's surface will have increased several (C)degrees 20 years (D)up to now. 8. 正誤問題 (A)Electrical transformer consists (B)of two coils -- one connected to (C)the electrical source and one connected to the circuit - (D)wound around the sides of a core of thin iron sheets. 9. 正誤問題 (A)Censorship is the alteration, suppression or (B)prohibit of speech (C)or writing deemed (D)damaging to society. 10. 正誤問題 The salt in seawater increases (A)their density, (B)so that some objects (C)that sink in fresh water can (D)float in seawater. I-2 TOEIC, TOEFL 練習問題解答 (1) TOEIC 1. Part V ； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Tobacco smoke contains about 4,000 _______, including 200 known poisons. (A) chemicals (B) nutrition (C) obstacles (D) neutrons 訳；タバコの煙は約4000ほどの化学物質を含んでいるが、そのうち200は毒性物質として知られている。 ※正解(A)。《解説》containもincludeも「〜を含む」の意味。ただし、containは あるものを内容の全体として含む場合に、includeはある物を内容の一部として含む場合に用いられる。ここではタバコがその中に4000もの何を入れているかを考えるが、答えは複数名詞になる。 《選択肢》(A) chemicals「化学物質」、(B) nutrition「栄養（物）」、(C) obstacles「障害（物）」、(D) neutrons「中性子」 2. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Temperatures have ranged from 43 to 50 across India over the past month, _______ the hottest summer in 50 years. (A) in making (B) made of (C) they made (D) making it 訳；インド中でこの1か月の間、気温が43度から50度にもなり、50年ぶりの暑さとなった。 ※正解(D)。《解説》コンマの後の語句とその前の文とを何らかの形で接続しなければならない。選択肢には接続詞はないから、どうやら (D) を選んで分詞構文でつなぐことになる。making it the hottest summerは「一番暑い夏にして」の意味。itは漠然と天気状況を指している。 《選択肢》(A) in making 〜「〜を作る際に」、(B) made of 〜「〜からできて（いる）」 3. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Thirteen European countries have signed the first _______ international ban on human cloning as controversy over such experiments heats up. (A) bound (B) binding (C) bind (D) binder 訳；ヨーロッパでは13か国が、そのような実験をめぐる議論が高まる中で、人間のクローンを禁止する最初の拘束力をもつ国際的な条約に署名した。 ※正解(B)。《解説》選択肢を見ると、いずれもbind「〜を縛る、拘束する」の活用形、ないし派生語である。ここではinternational ban「国際的な禁止」という名詞句を修飾するのであるから形容詞形、ないしその機能をもつものを選べばよい。(A) のboundは過去分詞で「拘束された」の受け身の意味。(B) のbindingは現在分詞が形容詞化した語で、「拘束力のある」の意味。 4. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 A little thing to _______ about is that not many housewives are using the Internet. (A) be concerned (B) do concerning (C) do concerned (D) concernment 訳；インターネットを利用している主婦は多くないということは少し懸念しておかなければならない。 ※正解(A)。《解説》concernはbe concerned about 〜で「〜を心配する、懸念する」の意味になる（= be anxious about）。ここではto不定詞の形容詞的用法でA little thing「ささやかなこと」を後ろから修飾している。 《選択肢》concernment「心配、関係、重要性」 5. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 The pressures that now drive recycling come _______ from companies, but from governments and voters. (A) straight (B) all (C) not (D) anywhere 訳；今ではリサイクルを促す圧力は、企業からではなく、行政や投票者から来る。 ※正解(C)。《解説》文の内容はリサイクル運動に駆り立てる圧力はどこから来るかということ。ポイントは接続詞のbutで、from companiesとfrom governments and votersとがbutを用いた相関表現の中で対比的に述べられている。結論は (C) を選んで、not 〜 but ...「〜ではなくて…」の形にする。 《選択肢》straight「真っすぐに」、anywhere「どこかに」 6. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 They set such a high quota that _______ of the workers could meet the standards. (A) most (B) a lot (C) all (D) none 訳；非常に高い割り当てを与えられて、労働者は1人もその基準を満たすことができなかった。 ※正解(D)。《解説》such 〜 that ...「とても〜なので、…」に注意して文の意味をしっかり押さえること。a high quotaは「高い割り当て」、meet the standardsは「基準を満たす」。「高い割り当てなので、だれも基準を満たせない」という意味にするのが自然。none of the workers 〜は「労働者の1人として〜しない」の全否定の表現。 7. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Many AIDS experts voiced skepticism _______ the vaccine would actually prevent HIV infection in very many people. (A) about whether (B) on which (C) only because (D) in case 訳；多くのエイズの専門家がそのワクチンに対して、実際に多くの人々のHIV感染を防ぐことができるかどうか疑問を投げかけた。 ※正解(A)。《解説》skepticism「懐疑」に着目して、「〜かどうか懐疑を表明した」の意味で文を作る。Aを選ぶことになるが、whetherはaboutの目的語になる名詞節を作る接続詞。vaccine「ワクチン」、HIV infection「HIV（ウィルスによる）感染」 《選択肢》(C) のonly becauseは「ただ〜のために」、(D) のin caseは「〜の場合に」の意味。 (2) TOEFL 1. 空所補充問題 --- the right conditions, an acorn the size of the tip of your thumb can grow into a mighty oak 120 feet high. (A) Throughout (B) Given (C) For (D) Without ※正解(B)。【解説】 空所にGivenを入れれば「ちゃんとした条件（状態）が与えられならば」の意味を表すようになる。acorn「ドングリ」。 2. 空所補充問題 The Pyramids of Egypt are the oldest ----- the wonders of the ancient world noted in the Antipater of Sidon in the second century B.C. (A) to (B) of (C) in (D) on ※正解(B)。【解説】 toとonが使えないのはすぐに分かるだろう。the oldest of ... で「 ... のうち最も古いもの」という意味になる。 3. 空所補充問題 ----- closely related to the wild hawk, the falcon is smaller and may be distinguished by different wingtip configurations. (A) Although (B) Since (C) Unlike (D) Despite ※正解(A)。【解説】 前置詞unlike、despiteの後にclosely related（副詞と過去分詞）が続くはずがない。意味からしてAlthoughが正解となる。Althoughの後にthe falcon isを補って考える。これで「ハヤブサは野生の鷹にとても近いが」の意味になる。 4. 空所補充問題 Lighter-than-air dirigibles were used by commercial airlines in Germany until they were ----- obsolete by more modern aircraft. (A) taken (B) put (C) shifted (D) rendered ※正解(D)。【解説】 文の流れからして、were .... obsoleteは「時代遅れになった」という意味になるはずである。正解は(D)。be rendered ... 「 ... になる」。 5. 空所補充問題 The rate at which a cricket chirps ----- a mathematical function of the air temperature measured in degrees. (A) are (B) does (C) is (D) has ※正解(C)。【解説】 この文の主語はrateである。したがって、それに呼応して空所にはisが入ることになる。has、doesでは意味が成立しない。 6. 正誤問題 A century (A)ago, light bulbs had to be manufactured (B)by hand, (C)that made them unreliable and (D)extremely expensive. ※正解(C)。【解説】 that → which。前置詞agoとbyの用法に誤りはない。前にカンマがある場合には、関係代名詞はthatではなくwhichを用いる。extremely「極端に」は強調のための副詞。 7. 正誤問題 (A)By some estimates, the average temperature (B)at the earth's surface will have increased several (C)degrees 20 years (D)up to now. ※正解(D)。【解説】 up to → from。by some estimates「ある推定によると」の意味。前置詞at、複数形degreesに問題はない。up toをfromにしなければ未来完了形will have increased ... と対応しなくなる。 8. 正誤問題 (A)Electrical transformer consists (B)of two coils -- one connected to (C)the electrical source and one connected to the circuit - (D)wound around the sides of a core of thin iron sheets. ※正解(A)。【解説】 Electrical → An/The electrical。electrical transformer「変圧器」は可算名詞なので、その前には冠詞anあるいはtheが必要となる。 9. 正誤問題 (A)Censorship is the alteration, suppression or (B)prohibit of speech (C)or writing deemed (D)damaging to society. ※正解(B)。【解説】 prohibit → prohibition。alternation「交替」、suppression「抑圧」と名詞が並んでいる。しかし、orの後に動詞prohibit「禁止する」が来ている。ここでは名詞prohibitionを用いることになる。 10. 正誤問題 The salt in seawater increases (A)their density, (B)so that some objects (C)that sink in fresh water can (D)float in seawater. ※正解(A)。【解説】 their → its。theirが指す語はどれか？この文の主語saltである。したがって、theirはitsにしなくてはならない。 II. 時事英文 2012 Women Of Courage Awards (その1：全5回シリーズ) On March 8, International Women's Day, Secretary of State Hillary Clinton and First Lady Michelle Obama honored ten women from around the world for their advocacy of women's rights. "They saw corruption, and they worked to expose it. They saw oppression, and they worked to end it. They saw violence, poverty, discrimination, and inequality -- and they decided to use their voices, and risk their lives, to do something about it," said First Lady Michelle Obama. III - a. 雑知識
問題 1 弱火 今朝、私が作ったパンプキンスープはすでに冷めてしまっています。昼食に出す前に、弱火で温め直してもらえますか？ The pumpkin soup I cooked this morning has already gotten cold. Before serving it at lunch, will you reheat it over a low ( )? a. light b. fire c. glow d. flane 問題 2 酒に弱い 上司からプロジェクトの打ち上げを祝う飲み会に誘われたのですが、行こうかどうか迷っています。私はあまりお酒が飲めないのです。 I was invited by my boss to the drinking party after the successful completion of the project, but I'm not sure if I will go. I can't ( ) much alcohol. a. hold b. break c. face d. contain 問題 3 気が弱い タカシはトモミのことが大好き。でも、気が弱いので彼女に気持ちを伝える勇気がありません。 I know Takashi likes Tomomi very much, but he is so ( ) he can't find the courage to convey his feeling to her. a. snobby b. mean c. bold d. timid 問題 4 ひ弱な人 あのたくましい体つきのラグビー選手は、子どものころはひ弱で、いつもいじめられていたそうです。 That strong rugby p;ayer told me that he was a kid he was a ( ) who was always picked on by bullies. a. well-wisher b. weakling c. weirdo d. weepy 回答 1-d 2-a 3-d 4-b III -c. News Glossary oil embargo against Iran イラン産原油禁輸 The European Union has approved an oil embargo against Iran. The decision is part of sanctions on the country for ignoring U.N. resolutions demanding the country stop its nuclear development. 欧州連合(EU)はイラン産原油の輸入禁止を決定した。この決定は、イランの核開発停止を要求してきた国連決議を、イランが無視し続けていることへの制裁の一環である。 IV. Jokes a. With a party going on in the apartment above his, my friend could forget about getting any sleep. The next day, he spoitted the offending party giver. "Didn't you hear me pounding on the ceiling?" he asked. The woman smiled pleasantly. "That's OK. We were making a lot of noise ourselves." b. The first time my son was on a bike with training wheels, I shouted, "Step back on the pedals and the bike will brake!" He nodded, but still rode straight into a bush. "Why didn't you push back on the pedals?" I asked helping him up. "You said if I did, the bike would break." c. "Are you all right?" my seatmate on the plane asked, after noticing tears roll down my cheeks. "I'm flying my husband's ashes for burial," I explained, "and it just struck me that this would be our last trip together." "I know how you feel," she said. "I had my horse for 20 years and just put him to sleep last week." d. My cousin, Merle, is trained in Reiki,a form of healing touch, and she offered me a treatment in her specially prepared room. The candles were lit, and wonderful New Age music was playing on the stereo. At one point, the music swelled along with the sound of cascading water. "Your water music is beautiful!" I exclaimed. There was a pause, then Mercle said, "I don't know if I should tell you this, but my husband just flushed the toilet." e. I asked a bookshop assistant if he had a copy of Homer's Iliad. "Is he a modern auther?" the young man enquired. "No," I replied. "He lived about 700 years before Christ." "Well," growled the assistant, typing into his database, "what was his Christian name?" f. Twenty minutes into our two-hour journey to our friend Alison's party, my wife announced, "Stop. We've got to go back." "Why'" I asked. "I've forgotten my phone." "Why do you need your phone?" "So that I can phone Alison and tell her we'll be late." "Why will we be late?" My wife gave me a pitying look. "Because we've had to go back for my phone." g. I'm not old, but I was feeling creaky after I heard the young TV news reporter say, "To contact me, go to my Facebook page, Twitter me, or try me the old-fashioned way - e-mail." |