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資料No. ： NS120222
I-1 TOEIC, TOEFL練習問題
(1) TOEIC 1. Part V ； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 From the top of the Eiffel Tower _______ the whole city of Paris. (A) can see (B) can be seen (C) can be seeing (D) can have seen 2. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 At no time _______ serious about his studies. (A) was John ever (B) was John never (C) when John was not (D) where John was ever 3. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 When you have finished the book, _______ put it back on the shelf. (A) don't fail to (B) don't avoid to (C) never miss to (D) please fail not to 4. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 He _______ speak the language, let alone read or write it. (A) hardly (B) can't hard (C) can hardly (D) can't hardly 5. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 My wife and I won't _______ forget that day. (A) ever (B) never (C) hardly (D) no more 6. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 I don't suppose he's serious, _______? (A) do I (B) is he (C) has he (D) isn't he 7. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 The sales manager seldom ever visits our branch, _______? (A) did he (B) does he (C) isn't it (D) doesn't it (2) TOEFL 1. 空所補充問題 ----- the body's ability to produce proteins called antibodies upon exposure to infectious disease, no animal could survive an epidemic. (A) Were it not for (B) For it were not (C) It were not for (D) Not were in for 2. 空所補充問題 According to some economists, ----- primitive form of commodity transaction is not barter exchange, but theft. (A) most (B) the most (C) many (D) the much 3. 空所補充問題 ----- the theories developed to explain allergic reactions, no single one can explain all the observed phenomena. (A) Into (B) Of all (C) Out on (D) Throughout 4. 空所補充問題 Locks ----- those built on the Suez and Panama Canals allow ships to pass between bodies of water with varying water levels. (A) such as (B) as (C) that are (D) for 5. 空所補充問題 -----, an area of rain forest the size of 10-12 city blocks is lost to fire, logging and other forms of destruction. (A) For a minute (B) All minutes (C) The minutes (D) Every minute 6. 正誤問題 Plumbing was (A)virtually unknown in North American (B)homes (C)until the second half of (D)a 19th century. 7. 正誤問題 Students haven't reached a consensus (A)on whether we should switch (B)to a (C)two-semester year, and neither (D)the faculty has. 8. 正誤問題 (A)Which social insects such as ants and bees die, their bodies emit (B)hormones (C)that alarm other members of (D)their nest. 9. 正誤問題 Rising sea levels (A)resulted from global warming are (B)expected to pose the danger of major flooding in (C)heavily populated coastal areas (D)worldwide. 10. 正誤問題 Moscow is an inland city, (A)but (B)a system of canals makes (C)them accessible (D)from five seas. I-2 TOEIC, TOEFL 練習問題解答 (1) TOEIC 1. Part V ； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 From the top of the Eiffel Tower _______ the whole city of Paris. (A) can see (B) can be seen (C) can be seeing (D) can have seen 訳；エッフェル塔の一番上からはパリ全体が眺められる。 ※正解(B)。【着眼点】From the top of the Eiffel Towerは場所の副詞句で、空所の後には動詞がなく、かつ選択肢はすべて動詞がらみとなれば当然倒置構文。ただ、この場合はseeが他動詞であるという点がひねりがきいている。「副詞句−他動詞−主語名詞句」がすべての要素で、目的語に当たるものがないのだから動詞は受け身で用いるしかない。the city of Parisは見られる側。 2. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 At no time _______ serious about his studies. (A) was John ever (B) was John never (C) when John was not (D) where John was ever 訳；ジョンは1度も勉強に真剣に取り組んだためしがない。 ※正解(A)。【着眼点】文頭のAt no timeは「決して〜ない」の意の熟語で、主語と述語動詞の結びつきを否定する。選択肢の中でＶ (was) −Ｓ (John) のように倒置が起こっているのは (A) と (B) だが、(B) のほうはneverに問題がある。否定の表現を二重に用いるのは非標準であり、TOEICでは不可。everは否定文で用いられて「これまでに1度も…ない」の意を表す。 3. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 When you have finished the book, _______ put it back on the shelf. (A) don't fail to (B) don't avoid to (C) never miss to (D) please fail not to 訳；その本を読み終えたら、必ず書棚に戻しておいてください。 ※正解(A)。【着眼点】否定の意味を表す慣用表現の問題。avoid や miss は to 不定詞を目的語にとることはない（動名詞はとる）ので、形を見た段階で候補からはずれる。問題は (A) と (D) だが、fail to 〜 （不注意などから〜しない）の場合、to 以下を否定の対象にすることはできない点に注意（ → × He failed not to come.）。ということで (A) の don't fail to 〜（〜しそこなうな＝必ず〜せよ）が正解。要するに、fail to の否定は「〜しないことはない」の意味で、結局「必ず〜する」という肯定的表現となるわけである。 4. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 He _______ speak the language, let alone read or write it. (A) hardly (B) can't hard (C) can hardly (D) can't hardly 訳；彼は言葉を話すのもままならない。ましてや読んだり書いたりできないのは言うまでもない。 ※正解(C)。【着眼点】let alone ... は「ましてや…でないのは言うまでもない」の意で、否定文を受けて用いられる熟語。したがって、He ... language の部分が正しい否定文になるように選択肢を検討すればよい。正解は can hardly (speak) （＝ほとんど話せない）となる。 【選択肢】speak の主語は He（3人称・単数）であり、副詞だけの挿入では依然として呼応に問題があるため (A) は不可。(B) の hard（一生懸命に）は意味の面でも、位置の面でも不可（ → hard は動詞の後にくる）。(D) は否定語の hardly にさらに can't がついた二重否定で不可。 5. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 My wife and I won't _______ forget that day. (A) ever (B) never (C) hardly (D) no more 訳；私たち夫婦はあの日のことを決して忘れないでしょう。 ※正解(A)。【着眼点】won't とすでに否定語があるから、二重否定をつくる (B) 〜 (D) はすべて不可。「not ＋ ever」で never の意。二重否定は徹底攻略。 6. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 I don't suppose he's serious, _______? (A) do I (B) is he (C) has he (D) isn't he 訳；彼は本気じゃありませんよね。 ※正解(B)。【着眼点】I（don't）suppose [think, believe, guess, etc.] (that) ... の構文では、付加疑問は主節のI（don't）thinkからではなくthat節のほうからつくられる。また、この構文では、I don't suppose (that) ... のように形式上は主節が否定されているが、実質上のnotの作用はthat節が受けるものと見なされる。したがって、I don't suppose he's serious. から付加疑問をつくる際は、I suppose he isn't serious. からつくるのと同じ要領で考えることになる。なお、以上述べたことは、主節の主語がIでsupposeなどの動詞が単純現在時制のときにのみ当てはまる。 7. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 The sales manager seldom ever visits our branch, _______? (A) did he (B) does he (C) isn't it (D) doesn't it 訳；販売部長がうちの支店に顔を出すことはまずないよね。 ※正解(B)。【着眼点】先行節の主語は単数名詞で人 (sales manager) だから、付加疑問の部分にはheまたはsheが現れていないといけない。また、先行節の述語動詞は助動詞を含まない単純現在時制の一般動詞 (visits) であり、付加疑問の時制は先行節の時制に合わせるから、ここではdoesを用いることになる。seldomは生ずる位置によっては否定の力が弱まり、否定の付加疑問をとることもあるが、問題文のように動詞の前にきた場合は肯定の付加疑問が続いてさしつかえない。 (2) TOEFL 1. 空所補充問題 ----- the body's ability to produce proteins called antibodies upon exposure to infectious disease, no animal could survive an epidemic. (A) Were it not for (B) For it were not (C) It were not for (D) Not were in for ※正解(A)。【解説】 ここでポイントとなっているのは語順倒置された仮定法の文Were it not for... 「もし……がなかったら」を知っているかどうかである。antibody「抗体」。 2. 空所補充問題 According to some economists, ----- primitive form of commodity transaction is not barter exchange, but theft. (A) most (B) the most (C) many (D) the much ※正解(B)。【解説】 manyとmuchが使えないのは明らか。primitive formの前に最上級のmostを使うには冠詞theが必要になる。commodity transaction「商品取引」、barter exchange「物々交換」。 3. 空所補充問題 ----- the theories developed to explain allergic reactions, no single one can explain all the observed phenomena. (A) Into (B) Of all (C) Out on (D) Throughout ※正解(B)。【解説】 Of all the theories... とすれば、「……の理論の内、どれ一つとして〜を説明できるのもはない」の意味になる。 4. 空所補充問題 Locks ----- those built on the Suez and Panama Canals allow ships to pass between bodies of water with varying water levels. (A) such as (B) as (C) that are (D) for ※正解(A)。【解説】 空所の後にはthose built... で具体的なLocks「閘門（運河で水位を調節して船舶を上・下降させる装置）」の例が挙げられているので、ここではsuch asを使うことになる。 5. 空所補充問題 -----, an area of rain forest the size of 10-12 city blocks is lost to fire, logging and other forms of destruction. (A) For a minute (B) All minutes (C) The minutes (D) Every minute ※正解(D)。【解説】 熱帯雨林が毎分どれけけ失われているかが述べられている。「毎分」はevery minuteで表現する。 6. 正誤問題 Plumbing was (A)virtually unknown in North American (B)homes (C)until the second half of (D)a 19th century. ※正解(D)。【解説】 a → the。virtually unknown「ほとんど知られていない」、可算名詞homes、前置詞untilの用法に問題はない。「19世紀」はthe 19th centuryと冠詞theを使う。 7. 正誤問題 Students haven't reached a consensus (A)on whether we should switch (B)to a (C)two-semester year, and neither (D)the faculty has. ※正解(D)。【解説】 the faculty has → has the faculty。neitherと否定語が前に出ていることに注目。このような場合には、has the facultyと語順倒置をしなくてはならない。 8. 正誤問題 (A)Which social insects such as ants and bees die, their bodies emit (B)hormones (C)that alarm other members of (D)their nest. ※正解(A)。【解説】 Which → When。Whichで始めてはこの文は成り立たない。Whenにすれば意味が通るようになる。emit「出す」。 9. 正誤問題 Rising sea levels (A)resulted from global warming are (B)expected to pose the danger of major flooding in (C)heavily populated coastal areas (D)worldwide. ※正解(A)。【解説】 resulted → resulting。この文の動詞はare expected ... である。resultedのままでは動詞が２つあることになる。ここはresultingと分詞にしなければならない。副詞heavily、worldwideの用法に問題はない。 10. 正誤問題 Moscow is an inland city, (A)but (B)a system of canals makes (C)them accessible (D)from five seas. ※正解(C)。【解説】 them → it。接続詞butと冠詞aに誤りはない。themはMoscowを指しているので、itにしなければ文が成り立たない。accessible from... 「……から近づきやすい」。 II. 時事英文 To be medical doctors (その11；全11回シリーズ) Dean Herscowitz says the students receive a diploma when the program ends. "We have a graduation exercise at the end of the session, where my co-director and I march down the aisle in full academic regalia. We go through the process as it would be at a medical school graduation, where I bestow upon them the degree of doctor of mini-medicine with all rights and entitlements thereof." While the diploma is not really worth anything, some students put it on the wall in their office or home. Would you like to attend a mini-med school? You can find a link to a list of these schools on our website. If you do not live near one of the schools, you might consider opening one, in partnership with a local hospital or medical school. The National Institutes of Health Office of Science Education has created a mini-med school planning guide. We have placed a link to the planning guide on our website. III - a. 雑知識
問題1 気取って歩く ファッションショーの会場は、観客や取材陣でいっぱい。注目の有名モデルが豪華な毛皮を着てステージを気取って歩くと、一斉にカメラのフラッシュがたかれました。 Camera flashes went off as the famous fashion model ( ) down the catwalk in gorgeous fur. a. swiped b. strutted c. studded d. stretched 問題2 とぼとぼ歩く 夕飯の用意をしようと思ったら、冷蔵庫の中はからっぽ。仕方なく、雪が降る中をとぼとぼ歩いて、近所のスーパーまで食料品の買い出しに行きました。 Because there was nothing lto eat in the refrigerator, I had to ( ) through the snow to a nearby supermarket to buy some food. a. prod b. pluck c. perk d. plod 問題3 ぶらぶら歩く ハネムーンでパリを旅行中の新婚カップル。ロマンチックな雰囲気のカフェを探して街をぶらぶら歩いていたところ、とても素敵な店が見つかりました。 The newly married couple ( ) through the streets of Paris in search of a romantic cafe and they came across a very nice place. a. strolled b. stranded c. stunned d. startled 問題4 よろめきながら歩く 昨日はかなり飲み過ぎてしまい、駅の階段を下りているときによろめいて、危うく転倒するところでした。 I was so drunk last night that I ( ) and almost toppled over while going down the stairs in the station. a. startled b. stamped c. staggered d. staged 回答 1b 2d 3a 4c III -c. News Glossary exclusive economic zone 排他的経済水域 South Korea's Coast Guard says one of its officers has been stabbed to death by a Chinese fisherman. The incident took place on the morning of Dec. 12 during an inspection of a Chinese fishing boat that was caught fishing illegally in South Korea's exclusive economic zone in the Yellow Sea. 韓国海洋警察庁によると、同庁職員の1人が中国人漁船員に刺殺された。この事件は12日朝、黄海沖の韓国の排他的経済水域で不法操業していた中国漁船の取り締まり中に起きた。 IV. Jokes a. I walked into the lobby of my apartment building recently and was greeted by this notice: "To whoever is watering these plants, please stop. They are the property of the building, and our maintenance staff will take care of them. They may have already been watered, in which case you will be overwatering them. Besides, these plants are fake." b. An amateur pilot wannabe, I knew I'd finally made progress with my flight training the day my instructor turned to me and said, "You know, you're not as much fun since you stopped screaming." c. In an effort to save water, my husband and I swapped our dishwasher for a washing-up bowl. We then used the leftover water to clean our car, which often gets dirty because we live in a country area. This worked very well until my husband tossed one particular bowl of soapy water over the car - forgetting first to check whether there were still any dishes in it. d. While pulling my young son along in his toy car, I passed a lady standing at her gate. "Did you pass here a few years ago pulling another young child in that toy car?" she asked. "Yes, I did," I smiled. "You don't learn, do you?" e. A recipe on cooks.com is harder than it first appears: "Veal slices should be pounded to flatten them. If the butcher has not done this, cover the head of the hammer with a piece of cloth and pound yourself." d. At my parent's 60th wedding anniversary my dad told of how he met Mum. She was an underpaid teacher and Dad was working on a nearby farm. One of the local boys had asked her to go to the movie. Dad had caught a ride to town with them and was also going to the movie. At the theatre, the fellow paid himself and walked in leaving Mum standing there with no ticket. She had no money with her having assumed her date was paying her way. Dad stepped up and paid for her ticket. He said, "That was the best 50 cents I ever invested." |