|
資料No. ： NS111221
I-1 TOEIC, TOEFL練習問題
I-2 TOEIC, TOEFL 練習問題解答(1) TOEIC 1. Part V ； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 After you do your homework, be sure to _______ up your room. (A) have cleaned (B) cleaning (C) be cleaned (D) clean 2. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 I _______ a lot better if you had helped me. (A) do (B) did (C) had done (D) could have done 3. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 _______, you'll be expected to do much better. (A) In the future (B) Last year (C) For the previous month (D) By next week 4. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Unless the weather _______ soon, we'll never complete the project on time. (A) has improved (B) improves (C) would improve (D) improved 5. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 The brain has two halves and _______ thin layers of membrane. (A) cover (B) covers (C) are covered by (D) is covered with 6. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 We were taught at school that the Pilgrim Fathers _______ on Plymouth Rock in Massachusetts. (A) landed (B) have landed (C) had landed (D) had been landed 7. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 It was quite likely that the President _______ in to the intense lobbying from pressure groups. (A) has given (B) had given (C) should give (D) should be giving (2) TOEFL 1. 空所補充問題 Before having tanned, or softened and preserved, leather is referred to as rawhide. (A) having (B) and (C) leather (D) to 2. 空所補充問題 Some historians say that ----- been given more generous terms at the treaty of Versailles, some historians say World War II might have been avoided. (A) had Germany (B) did Germany (C) Germany had (D) Germany was 3. 空所補充問題 The publication of the pamphlet "Common Sense" by Thomas Payne contributed ----- popular support for the American Revolution. (A) for (B) to (C) on (D) at 4. 空所補充問題 The earliest ----- are thought to have interacted with Neanderthals through trade, war and possibly interbreeding. (A) when humans (B) humans who (C) as humans (D) humans 5. 空所補充問題 Given a limited supply of essential nutrients, the rate ----- a population of microorganisms increases will limit the duration of its growth. (A) which (B) with which (C) at which (D) of which 6. 正誤問題 The pyramid on (A)the back of the U.S. dollar bill symbolizes strength and (B)permanence, and is left (C)unfinished to symbolize the ongoing struggle for (D)perfect. 7. 正誤問題 Rafts differ from barges (A)in that the former (B)is more primitive floating devices (C)without sealed hulls, (D)although both types of craft are flat and low to the water. 8. 正誤問題 The lack of (A)detailed information (B)on the private life of Shakespeare has led to (C)speculative that he may be a (D)legendary figure. 9. 正誤問題 As is (A)the cases with many artists, the genius (B)of French critic, composer and conductor Louis Hector Berlioz (C)was not understood (D)until decades after his death in 1869. 10. 正誤問題 The spherical layer of the (A)earth's surface comprising the (B)atmospheric, soil and oceans (C)is known (D)as the biosphere. (1) TOEIC 1. Part V ； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 After you do your homework, be sure to _______ up your room. (A) have cleaned (B) cleaning (C) be cleaned (D) clean 訳；宿題をやったら、必ず部屋を片付けなさい。 ※正解(D)。to 不定詞ですから、動詞は原形でなければなりません。(A)も形のうえでは原形になっていますが、意味上不可。(C)も原形ですが受け身の形になってしまっているので不可です。 2. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 I _______ a lot better if you had helped me. (A) do (B) did (C) had done (D) could have done 訳；もし君が手伝ってくれていれば、もっとうまくできたのに。 ※正解(D)。 ... if 以下が had helped の形をとっていますから、「もしも（あの時）君が…していたなら」という意味を持つ仮定法過去完了です。したがって、正解も「私は（あの時）…できたはずだったのに」という意味を持ちうる形にしなければなりません。 3. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 _______, you'll be expected to do much better. (A) In the future (B) Last year (C) For the previous month (D) By next week 訳；将来的にはもっとうまくやれるように期待しています。 ※正解(A)。you ... 以下が will を使った未来形になっていますから、未来の時を表す表現が文中に使われているはずです。(D)は「来週までには、〜期待されるだろう」で、意味上不可。 4. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Unless the weather _______ soon, we'll never complete the project on time. (A) has improved (B) improves (C) would improve (D) improved 訳；すぐに天気がよくならなければ、時間通りにそのプロジェクトを完了させられないだろう。 ※正解(B)。この文は Unless が「もし…でなければ」（If ... not）の意味で条件を表す副詞節を導くことになり、このような節の中では、主節（we'll ... 以下）が未来形であっても、未来の形はとりません。 5. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 The brain has two halves and _______ thin layers of membrane. (A) cover (B) covers (C) are covered by (D) is covered with 訳；脳は右脳と左脳からなり、幾層かの薄膜でおおわれている。 ※正解(D)。【文構造】主語はbrainで、andはbrainについて述べている2つの述部（has two halvesと_____ thin layers of membrane）を結んでいる。 【着眼点】and以下の述部を完成させる問題なのでThe brain _____ thin layers of membrane. と単純化して考える。brainが単数名詞であることに着目した時点で (A) と (C) がまず消える。残るは (B) と (D) だがbrainがthin ... membraneをcoverしているのではなくてその逆なので、空所にはis covered withがくる。なお、「be＋過去分詞＋by以外の前置詞」の組み合わせにも注意。 6. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 We were taught at school that the Pilgrim Fathers _______ on Plymouth Rock in Massachusetts. (A) landed (B) have landed (C) had landed (D) had been landed 訳；私たちは学校でピルグリムファーザーズが上陸したのはマサチューセッツ州にあるプリマスの岩だと教わった。 ※正解(A)。【着眼点】that 節の内容が歴史上の事実（と見なされている事柄）に言及している点に注意。このような場合は主節の時制とは無関係に話し手の立場から過去の事柄として直接その内容を把握することになる。したがって、正解は (A)の landed となる。 7. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 It was quite likely that the President _______ in to the intense lobbying from pressure groups. (A) has given (B) had given (C) should give (D) should be giving 訳；大統領が圧力団体からの強い働きかけに屈したというのは十分考えられることだった。 ※正解(B)。【着眼点】主節が It was quite likely と過去時制をとっているので、that 節にも過去系列の動詞 (had given)を配置する。 【選択肢】likely に続く節の中では、話し手の主観的な強い感情を表す should は使えない（×It is likely that Samson should have married Delian in the first place）。 (2) TOEFL 1. 空所補充問題 Before having tanned, or softened and preserved, leather is referred to as rawhide. (A) having (B) and (C) leather (D) to ※正解(A)。【解説】 having → having been。この場合のtan「なめす」、soften「柔らかくする」は他動詞である。したがって、having beenと受け身にする必要がある。接続詞and、不可算名詞leatherに問題はない。be referred to as... で「……と呼ばれる」の意味。 2. 空所補充問題 Some historians say that ----- been given more generous terms at the treaty of Versailles, some historians say World War II might have been avoided. (A) had Germany (B) did Germany (C) Germany had (D) Germany was ※正解(A)。【解説】 that以下の文は仮定法の過去完了である。しかし、選択肢にはifがない。(A) had Germanyはif Germany had been... のhadを倒置した文である。これが正解である。 3. 空所補充問題 The publication of the pamphlet "Common Sense" by Thomas Payne contributed ----- popular support for the American Revolution. (A) for (B) to (C) on (D) at ※正解(B)。【解説】 動詞contributeの後に来る前置詞は？toである。contribute to... で「……に貢献する」の意味になる。 4. 空所補充問題 The earliest ----- are thought to have interacted with Neanderthals through trade, war and possibly interbreeding. (A) when humans (B) humans who (C) as humans (D) humans ※正解(D)。【解説】 形容詞earliestの後には名詞が来るはずである。しかし、humans whoを入れると、この文全体の動詞がないことになる。正解はhumansである。 5. 空所補充問題 Given a limited supply of essential nutrients, the rate ----- a population of microorganisms increases will limit the duration of its growth. (A) which (B) with which (C) at which (D) of which ※正解(C)。【解説】 at the rate of... で「……の割合で」の意味を表すことから、(C)が正解となる。 6. 正誤問題 The pyramid on (A)the back of the U.S. dollar bill symbolizes strength and (B)permanence, and is left (C)unfinished to symbolize the ongoing struggle for (D)perfect. ※正解(D)。【解説】 perfect → perfection。冠詞the、名詞permanence「耐久性」、過去分詞unfinishedに誤りは見当たらない。前置詞forの後には名詞形perfectionを使わなければ文が成立しない。 7. 正誤問題 Rafts differ from barges (A)in that the former (B)is more primitive floating devices (C)without sealed hulls, (D)although both types of craft are flat and low to the water. ※正解(B)。【解説】 is → are。the formerは文頭の複数形Rafts「いかだ」のことを指しているので、be動詞はisではなくareになる。in that... は「……の点で」の意味。前置詞withoutと接続詞althoughに誤りはない。 8. 正誤問題 The lack of (A)detailed information (B)on the private life of Shakespeare has led to (C)speculative that he may be a (D)legendary figure. ※正解(C)。【解説】 speculative → speculation。detailedは「詳細な」という意味の形容詞。前置詞on「……について、関して」に問題はない。lead to speculationで「憶測を呼ぶ」の意味になる。したがって、形容詞speculativeが誤り。legendary「伝説上の」。 9. 正誤問題 As is (A)the cases with many artists, the genius (B)of French critic, composer and conductor Louis Hector Berlioz (C)was not understood (D)until decades after his death in 1869. ※正解(A)。【解説】 the cases → the case。As is the case with... で「……と同様に」の意味になる。複数形になっているthe caseが誤り。前置詞of、過去形was、前置詞untilに問題はない。 10. 正誤問題 The spherical layer of the (A)earth's surface comprising the (B)atmospheric, soil and oceans (C)is known (D)as the biosphere. ※正解(B)。【解説】 atmospheric → atmosphere。所有格earth'sに誤りはない。atmosphericは形容詞。ここは名詞atmosphereを使わなくてはいけない。be known as... 「……として知られている」。 II.時事英文 To be medical doctors (その3；全11回シリーズ) People who want to become doctors often study a lot of biology, chemistry or other science. Some students work for a year or two in a medical or research job before they attempt to enter medical school. An interview, or direct meeting, also is usually required for entrance to medical schools. This means talking with a school representative. The interviewer wants to know if the person understands the demands of life as a medical student and doctor in training. The interviewer wants to know about the person's goals for a life in medicine. A medical education can cost a lot of money. One year at a private medical college can cost forty thousand dollars -- or more. The average cost at a public medical school is more than fifteen thousand dollars. Most students need loans to pay for medical school. Many finish their education heavily in debt. III - a. 雑知識
有給休暇を使う 有給休暇が取れたので、それを使って北海道にいる祖父母に久しぶりに会いに行くことにしました。 I'm planning to use my paid vacation to visit my grandparents in Hokkaido for the first6 time in years. 代休を取る 私が働いている自動車工場は、このところフル操業。日曜日は出勤するので、月曜日に代休を取ることに決めました。 The auto factory I work for has been operating at full capacity. I will work on Sunday, so I've decided to take a substitute day off on Monday. 電話で病欠を伝える 今日の会議で、同僚のササキ君と一緒にプレゼンをする予定でした。ところが、今朝になって病気で休むとの連絡があり、彼の分もカバーするはめになりました。 I was supposed to make a presentation in today's business meeting with my colleague, Mr. Sasaki. But he called in sick this morning and I had to cover his part of the presentation. 休暇を予定より早く切り上げる 沖縄のホテルの部屋でくつろいでいると、台風接近のニュースが。休暇を予定より2日早く切り上げて、東京へ戻りました。 When I was relaxing in a hotel room in Okinawa, I heard the news that a powerful typhoon was approaching. I cut my vacation short by two days and flew back to Tokyo. III -c. News Glossary base relocation plan 基地移設計画 The mayor of Nago City in Okinawa Prefecture has called on the central government and the United States to scrap their agreement to relocate a U.S. military base to the city. 沖縄県の名護市長は、政府と米国に対し、米軍基地を同市へ移設する合意の白紙撤回を求めた。 IV. Jokes a. A starlet is seated next to a lawyer on a long flight. She craves her sleep, but he keeps waking her up. "Let's play a trivia game," he suggests. "If I answer wrong, I'll pay you $50. If you answer wrong, you owe me $5." The starlet agrees, and the lawyer goes first. "What's the distance between the earth and the moon?" The starlet hands the lawyer $5. Now it's her turn. "What goes up a mountain on three lags and comes down on four?" The lawyer is dumbstruck. He scans the internet, flips through his pocket encyclopedia, and texts every scientist he can find. No dice. Hours later, he wakes up the starlet, hands her $50, and asks, "So what's the answer?" Without a word, she hands him $5 and goes back to sleep." b. A woman rubs a lamp and out pops a genie. "You're kind lady, so I'll grant you one wish," the genie tells her. "See this cat? I'd rather have a strong, handsome man," she says. The genie agrees and - poof! - the cat turns into a Brad Pitt clone. The woman leaps into his lap. "Do you have anything to say before we make love?" she asks. "Yes," he says. "I bet you wish you hadn't me neutered last week." c. Joe, Mike, Mary and Tom were talking about their dream jobs. "I want to be a lawyer," Joe began, "so that I can defend my countrymen." "I want to be a congressman," said Mike, "so I can dradt laws to benefit my countrymen." "I want to be a doctor," said Mary, "so that I can cure my countrymen." "How about you, Tom? What would you like to be?" asked Joe. Tom thought a moment and replied, "I'd like to be a countryman." d. Nearing the end, Stanislaw is surrounded by loved ones. As the final moment approaches, he gathers all his strength and whispers, "I must tell you my greatest secret." His family urges him to go on. "Before I got married, I had it all," Stanislaw explains. "Fast cars, cute girls, and plenty of money. But a good friend warned me, 'Get married and start a family. Otherwise, no-one will be there to give you a glass of water to drink when you're on your deathbed.' So I took his advice. I traded the girls for a wife, beer for baby food. I sold my Ferrari and invested in college funds. And now here we are. And you know what?" "What?" "I'm not even thirsty!" |