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資料No. ： NS111130
I-1 TOEIC, TOEFL練習問題
(1) TOEIC １. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 _______ may emerge a new party capable of taking power from the present government. (A) They (B) Their (C) Theirs (D) There 2. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 The police _______ the demonstration on the grounds that it might lead to violence. (A) have banned (B) has ban (C) banning (D) are ban 3. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 She just didn't have _______ to ask for a raise. (A) the nerve (B) the plan (C) the gut (D) the feel 4. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 I was happy that I _______ work so early this afternoon. (A) got there (B) got home (C) got off (D) got in 5. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 New York's Big Apple Bank _______ that 75 scheduled layoffs have been avoided. (A) described (B) spoke (C) told (D) announced 6. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 I couldn't believe how _______ Tom solved the puzzle. (A) haste (B) speedy (C) quickly (D) swift 7. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Those _______ looking clouds mean a storm is coming. (A) mysterious (B) ominous (C) menace (D) trouble (2) TOEFL 1. 空所補充問題 According to the 5th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, witnesses at hearings ----- forced to testify against their will. (A) they cannot be (B) cannot being (C) they cannot being (D) cannot be 2. 空所補充問題 ----- in the Middle Ages, they would have radically altered history. (A) The railroad and telegraph had been available (B) Being available, had the railroad and telegraph (C) Had the railroad and telegraph been available (D) The railroad and had been available telegraph 3. 空所補充問題 The koala, -----, is a marsupial native to Australia. (A) like the kangaroo (B) like kangaroos (C) like to the kangaroo (D) it's like the kangaroo 4. 空所補充問題 Marble is a granular limestone that has been recrystallized under -----, as well as pressure. (A) both heat (B) heat (C) hot (D) with heat 5. 空所補充問題 The pangolin is a scaly anteater that gets its name from the Malayan word meaning "roller", ----- its defensive tactic of rolling itself into a ball. (A) to describe (B) described (C) describe (D) describing 6. 正誤問題 (A)One of the dangers of the (B)overusing of pesticides (C)is that pests can develop (D)a tolerance to them. 7. 正誤問題 Ergonomics (A)is the study of (B)how the body interacts physically (C)on manmade (D)surroundings. 8. 正誤問題 The invention of the telephone (A)necessitated the accurate reproduction of (B)human voice (C)from electrical (D)impulses. 9. 正誤問題 The forest-dwelling bulldog bat is (A)so named because (B)of the resemblance (C)among its snout and the mouth and (D)nose of the well-known canine. 10. 正誤問題 Slugs are snails (A)or mollusks (B)which the shell has been reduced (C)to a small internal plate or (D)is entirely absent. I-2 TOEIC, TOEFL 練習問題解答 (1) TOEIC １. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 _______ may emerge a new party capable of taking power from the present government. (A) They (B) Their (C) Theirs (D) There 訳：現政府から政権を奪える新しい政党が現れるかもしれない。 ※正解(D)。【文構造】capable以下は後ろからpartyを修飾している形容詞句で修飾要素（Ｍ）。「may emerge＝Ｖ」は明白だが、問題はpartyがＳかOかＣかということ。TheyやTheirsを選ぶと形はＳＶO（またはＣ）に見える。しかしemergeは完全自動詞なのでこの2つは無理。(B) のTheirs（所有格代名詞）がＶを従えるのはおかしい。したがって正解は (D) で、may emerge が V で party が S の there 構文となる。 【注意】there構文に生ずるＶは、appear, be, begin, come, emerge, exist, happen, lie, live, occur, stand などが一般的。 2. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 The police _______ the demonstration on the grounds that it might lead to violence. (A) have banned (B) has ban (C) banning (D) are ban 訳：警察は暴動に発展しかねないという理由でそのデモを禁止した。 ※正解(A)。【着眼点】主語のpoliceは警官（policeman, policewoman, police officer）の集合体を表す集合名詞。集合名詞は、[1]その集合体を一単位と考えて単数扱いする場合と、[2]逆に集合体の個々の成員のほうを強く意識するため、語形上は単数形でも複数で扱われる場合とがある。ただし、このpoliceに関してはふつう [2]の用法のみで用いられる。 【選択肢】ban（＝禁止する）は動詞。述語動詞として通るのは (A) のみ。 3. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 She just didn't have _______ to ask for a raise. (A) the nerve (B) the plan (C) the gut (D) the feel 訳：彼女には賃上げを要求する度胸がなかっただけです。 ※正解(A)。(A)か(C)で迷いそう。have the nerve は「神経が図太いこと」。gut は「内臓」。複数形 guts には「ガッツ、根性」の意がある。 4. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 I was happy that I _______ work so early this afternoon. (A) got there (B) got home (C) got off (D) got in 訳：今日の午後はこんなに早く仕事が済んで嬉しい。 ※正解(Ｃ)。happy なのは「仕事が済んだ」時。「…から離れる」のニュアンスを持つものを考える。日本語でも「オフ」という語は使う。 5. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 New York's Big Apple Bank _______ that 75 scheduled layoffs have been avoided. (A) described (B) spoke (C) told (D) announced 訳：ニューヨークのビッグアップル銀行は、予定されていた 75 人の解雇は回避することができたと発表した。 ※正解(D)。単語力が勝負となる。それぞれ動詞の意味を理解していないと苦しい。(A)の described は「描写する」。 6. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 I couldn't believe how _______ Tom solved the puzzle. (A) haste (B) speedy (C) quickly (D) swift 訳：トムがあんなに速くパズルを解くなんて信じられなかった。 ※正解(Ｃ)。「速く」は副詞でなければならない。(B)は speedily、(D)は swiftly であれば考えうる。 7. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Those _______ looking clouds mean a storm is coming. (A) mysterious (B) ominous (C) menace (D) trouble 訳：あの不吉な雲は嵐が来ることを示している。 ※正解(B)。知っている単語で、意味が不自然なものから除去する。menace は「脅威」。 (2) TOEFL 1. 空所補充問題 According to the 5th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, witnesses at hearings ----- forced to testify against their will. (A) they cannot be (B) cannot being (C) they cannot being (D) cannot be ※正解(D)。【解説】 witnesses「証人」がこの文の主語である。したがって、theyを含む(A)と(C)は除外できる。cannotの後にbeingが来ることはないので、正解は(D)のcannot beになる。Amendment「（アメリカ憲法）修正箇条」。 2. 空所補充問題 ----- in the Middle Ages, they would have radically altered history. (A) The railroad and telegraph had been available (B) Being available, had the railroad and telegraph (C) Had the railroad and telegraph been available (D) The railroad and had been available telegraph ※正解(Ｃ)。【解説】 they would have ... からこの文が仮定法過去完了であることが分かる。選択肢にはIfを含む文はないが、Had the railroad ... がIf the railroad and telegraph had been availableと同じ意味を表すので、(C)が正解となる。 3. 空所補充問題 The koala, -----, is a marsupial native to Australia. (A) like the kangaroo (B) like kangaroos (C) like to the kangaroo (D) it's like the kangaroo ※正解(A)。【解説】 The koalaとtheがついていることに注目。これに合わせてkangarooにもtheをつけ、like the kangarooで「カンガルーと同様に」の意味になる。marsupial「有袋目の哺乳動物」。 4. 空所補充問題 Marble is a granular limestone that has been recrystallized under -----, as well as pressure. (A) both heat (B) heat (C) hot (D) with heat ※正解(B)。【解説】 前置詞underの後には形容詞hotではなく名詞heatが来る。すでにas well asが使われているのでbothは不要である。また、前置詞withをつける必要もない。granular「粒からなる」。 5. 空所補充問題 The pangolin is a scaly anteater that gets its name from the Malayan word meaning "roller", ----- its defensive tactic of rolling itself into a ball. (A) to describe (B) described (C) describe (D) describing ※正解(D)。【解説】 目的を表すto describeを空所に入れても意味が通らない。getsがあるので、過去形described、現在形describeは使えない。which describesと同じ働きをする現在分詞describingが正解となる。pangolin「センザンコウ（角質のうろこで覆われた動物）」。 6. 正誤問題 (A)One of the dangers of the (B)overusing of pesticides (C)is that pests can develop (D)a tolerance to them. ※正解(B)。【解説】 overusing → overuse。One of the dangers ... に誤りはない。overuseには名詞として「過度の使用」の意味を表すので、この場合はoverusingと動名詞形にする必要ははない。isは文頭のOneに呼応している。この場合のtolerance「耐性」は可算名詞である。 7. 正誤問題 Ergonomics (A)is the study of (B)how the body interacts physically (C)on manmade (D)surroundings. ※正解(Ｃ)。【解説】 on → with。isはErgonomics「人間工学、生物工学（単数）」に呼応している。疑問詞howに問題はない。interactに続く前置詞はonではなくwithである。surroundings「環境」。 8. 正誤問題 The invention of the telephone (A)necessitated the accurate reproduction of (B)human voice (C)from electrical (D)impulses. ※正解(B)。【解説】 human voice → a/the human voice。necessitateは動詞で「必要とする」の意味。具体的な人間の声について言っているのでa human voiceと冠詞が必要である。aの代わりにtheを用いてもいい。前置詞fromに問題はない。impulses「インパルス、衝撃」は可算名詞。 9. 正誤問題 The forest-dwelling bulldog bat is (A)so named because (B)of the resemblance (C)among its snout and the mouth and (D)nose of the well-known canine. ※正解(Ｃ)。【解説】 among → between。is so namedで「そう名付けられた」の意味になる。because of ... に問題はない。its snoutとthe mouth and nose of the well-known canineの類似(resemblance)について言っているので前置詞はamongではなくbetweenを用いる。the mouthのtheがnoseにもかかっている。snout「鼻、鼻先」、canine「犬」。 10. 正誤問題 Slugs are snails (A)or mollusks (B)which the shell has been reduced (C)to a small internal plate or (D)is entirely absent. ※正解(B)。【解説】 which → in which。orに問題はない。前置詞inをつけてin whichとしなければ文が繋がらない。be reduced to ... で「... に変わる、なる」の意味。isの主語はthe shellである。slug「ナメクジ」、mollusk「軟体動物」。 II. 時事英文 To be medical doctors (その1；全11回シリーズ) Today, we look at how people train to be medical doctors in the United States. We also tell about a medical training program for students who have no interest in becoming a doctor. It is not easy to become a doctor in the United States. The first step is getting into a medical college. More than one hundred twenty American schools offer study programs for people wanting to be doctors. People can get advice about medical schools from many resources. One of these is a publication called "The Princeton Review." It provides information about colleges, study programs and jobs. "The Princeton Review" says competition to enter medical schools is strong. American medical schools have only about sixteen thousand openings for students. However, more than two times this many seek entry. Many of those seeking admittance are women. III - a. 雑知識
銀行の窓口係 20万円の小切手を換金しようと銀行へ行くと、窓口係の女性に本人確認書類の提示を求められました。 When I went to the bank to cash my 200,000-yen check, the teller asked me to show her my identity verification documents. 住宅ローンを借り換える 住宅ローンの毎月の支払は、我が家にとって大きな負担。今より低い金利で借り換えて、負担軽減ができないかどうか銀行に相談してみることにしました。 I decided to ask the bank if it is possible to refinance my home loan at a lower rate to deduce my monthly payment. 預金口座 新入社員の僕でも、老後の生活は不安がいっぱい。そこで、これからは月給の1割を預金口座に預けておくつもりです。 I'm going to put 10 percent of my monthly salary into a savings account. 担保 焼肉レストランを開店させたいという友人のスズキくん。家を担保にして銀行から資金を借りることにしました。 Mr. Suzuki decided to borrow money from the bank using his house as security. III -c. News Glossary Occupy Wall Street ウォール街を占拠せよ Few had heard of Occupy Wall Street two weeks ago when protesters moved into a park in the heart of New York's financial district. 米国ニューヨークの金融街の中心にある公園に2週間前、デモ隊が集結した時、ほとんど誰も「ウォール街を占拠せよ」というスローガンなど聞いたことがなかった。 IV. Jokes a. Hanna wants everything to be perfect for his anniversary trip to the hotel where he and his wife honeymooned 30 years earlier. So he gets there a day early to make all the arrangements. That night, he e-mails her but misspells the address and it goes to a recent widow. The next day, the widow's son finds his mother passed out in front of her computer. On the screen is this e-mail: "My darling wife, I've just gotten here and everything's set for your arrival tomorrow. I hope your trip down here will be as pleasant as mine. P.S. It's really hot!" b. President Sarkozy visits a steel factory. To the boss's surprise, the president greets an employee, Morton, with a warm hug. The same thing happens when Barack Obama visits, and again during Vladimir Putin's tour. Unimpressed, the boss says to Morton, "I bet you don't know the pope." Morton shrugs. "We play golf together." The gauntlet has been tossed, and the boss pays their way to the Vatican. During the Benediction, Morton slips away. Sure enough, he reappears - side by side with the pope. Two Chinese tourists tap the boss on the shoulder and ask, "Who's the guy in white standing with Morton?" c. Wandering around a fairground, a man enters a fortune-teller's tent for a laugh. "I see you're the father of two," says the seer, gazing into her crystal ball. "Ha! That's what you think," says the man scornfully. "I'm the father of three." "Ha!" says the fortune-teller. "That's what you think." |