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資料No. ： NS111102
I-1 TOEIC, TOEFL練習問題
(1) TOEIC １. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 _______ you have made the copies, please take them down to accounting. (A) While (B) After (C) During (D) Before 2. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 In this _______ case, the difficulty seems to lie with the shippers. (A) exactly (B) probably (C) also (D) particular 3. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 _______ you been able to install the software yet? (A) Had (B) Will (C) Were (D) Have 4. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 As you _______ imagine, we are very worried about the delay. (A) can (B) will (C) perhaps (D) ever 5. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 The contract was mailed the day _______ yesterday, so it should arrive soon. (A) after (B) beside (C) next (D) before 6. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 My daughter plans _______ a psychology course next semester. (A) to learn (B) to take (C) to apply (D) to study 7. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 If we _______ to the store last week, we wouldn't have missed the sale. (A) were to go (B) had gone (C) would go (D) have gone (2) TOEFL 1. 空所補充問題 Most professional sports have venues, such as the Baseball Hall of Fame, designed specifically to honor -----. (A) an outstanding players (B) its outstanding players (C) their outstanding players (D) its outstanding player 2. 空所補充問題 The evolutionary changes by which snakes have evolved from crawling reptiles include not just the loss of the limbs, but also ----- of one lung and the elongation of many organs. (A) the reduction or loss (B) reducing or losing (C) to reduce or lose (D) reduced or lost 3. 空所補充問題 Initially a Roman Soldier, Spartacus deserted, was captured and sold as a gladiator slave, escaped, and went on ----- several successful battles against Roman forces from 72-71 B.C. (A) leading (B) led (C) lead (D) to lead 4. 空所補充問題 An international treaty signed in 1959 dedicated Antarctic exploration and development exclusively to -----. (A) the peaceful purposes (B) their peaceful purpose (C) peaceful purpose (D) peaceful purposes 5. 空所補充問題 The importance of the works of Rodin to 20th century sculpture ----- overstated. (A) could hardly (B) is hard to (C) can hardly be (D) is hard to be 6. 正誤問題 Rag paper (A)made from textile fibers provided (B)the least expensive, (C)more convenient writing surface than the specially prepared leather known (D)as parchment. 7. 正誤問題 (A)Although we often associate gardening with (B)a appreciation of the natural environment, this hobby is a (C)larger source of pesticide pollution than the factories (D)that produce the chemicals. 8. 正誤問題 There (A)are several occasions (B)on which (C)the Magna Carta was revised and reissued (D)between 1215 and 1217. 9. 正誤問題 (A)Game theory is the mathematical study of strategic (B)phenomena and their influence (C)on the probability of achieving a favorable outcome in games (D)for example poker or chess. 10. 正誤問題 (A)Merchants and political refugees (B)from India began (C)arrive in Indonesia (D)more than 2000 years ago. I-2 TOEIC, TOEFL 練習問題解答 (1) TOEIC １. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 _______ you have made the copies, please take them down to accounting. (A) While (B) After (C) During (D) Before 訳：コピーを取り終わったら、会計に持っていってください。 ※正解(B)。While や During は「…の間」の意味ですから、意味上不適切です。After か Before かの選択では、時間の前後関係を考えてみれば、難しい問題ではないはずです。 2. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 In this _______ case, the difficulty seems to lie with the shippers. (A) exactly (B) probably (C) also (D) particular 訳：この特殊なケースでは、問題は輸出者側にあるように思えます。 ※正解(D)。lie with ... は「…に在る」。意味の上よりも、むしろ文法的に考えたほうが分かり易いでしょう。case という名詞を修飾するのは形容詞でなければなりません。 3. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 _______ you been able to install the software yet? (A) Had (B) Will (C) Were (D) Have 訳：もうソフトウェアのインストールは済みましたか。 ※正解(D)。software と install はすでに日本語と考えてもいいでしょう。yet があるところからも、この文の時制は明らかと言えるでしょう。Will であれば、be 動詞は原形 be でなければなりません。Were では be 動詞が二つになってしまいます。 4. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 As you _______ imagine, we are very worried about the delay. (A) can (B) will (C) perhaps (D) ever 訳：お察しいただけるように、当方では遅れを大変に心配しています。 ※正解(A)。文法的に助動詞が入ることは間違いなさそうです。ただし文法的に何が可能かを考える前に、As ..., の部分を見たことがあるか聞いたことがあることが重要です。多くの例文に接していれば必ずと言っていいほど出てくるはずの表現のひとつです。 5. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 The contract was mailed the day _______ yesterday, so it should arrive soon. (A) after (B) beside (C) next (D) before 訳：契約書は一昨日郵送されましたので、直ぐに着くでしょう。 ※正解(D)。まずは文脈から the day ------- yesterday がひとつの時を表す表現であることを理解することが重要です。あとはひとつひとつの選択肢を入れてみて、意味をなすものを探しましょう。 6. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 My daughter plans _______ a psychology course next semester. (A) to learn (B) to take (C) to apply (D) to study 訳：娘は来学期、心理学の授業を取る予定でいます． ※正解(B)。コロケーションの問題。"a psychology course"「心理学の授業」となっているので、「取る」の意味の動詞が必要です。単に psychology であれば、「勉強する」の意の learn や study も可能です。 7. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 If we _______ to the store last week, we wouldn't have missed the sale. (A) were to go (B) had gone (C) would go (D) have gone 訳：もし先週にその店に行っていれば、セールを逃さなかったのに。 ※正解(B)。仮定法過去完了。wouldn't have missed は「あの時」のニュアンスを持っているので、If ... の節も「もしあの時」の意味を持たねばならず、過去完了の形になります。 (2) TOEFL 1. 空所補充問題 Most professional sports have venues, such as the Baseball Hall of Fame, designed specifically to honor -----. (A) an outstanding players (B) its outstanding players (C) their outstanding players (D) its outstanding player ※正解(Ｃ)。【解説】 anと複数形の組み合わせはあり得ないので(A)は除外できる。問題はitsとtheirが何を指しているかである。Most professional sportsにおけるoutstanding playersのことを言っているので、正解はtheirを使っている(C)になる。 2. 空所補充問題 The evolutionary changes by which snakes have evolved from crawling reptiles include not just the loss of the limbs, but also ----- of one lung and the elongation of many organs. (A) the reduction or loss (B) reducing or losing (C) to reduce or lose (D) reduced or lost ※正解(A)。【解説】 not just ... but alsoの構文である。not justの後にはthe lossと名詞形が使われているので、それに合わせてbut alsoの後にも名詞形the reduction or lossを使うことになる。 3. 空所補充問題 Initially a Roman Soldier, Spartacus deserted, was captured and sold as a gladiator slave, escaped, and went on ----- several successful battles against Roman forces from 72-71 B.C. (A) leading (B) led (C) lead (D) to lead ※正解(D)。【解説】 went on leadingでもよさそうだが、それでは「 ……し続けた」の意味になる。ここはwent on to ... で「... するようになった」を使わなくては意味が通らない。 4. 空所補充問題 An international treaty signed in 1959 dedicated Antarctic exploration and development exclusively to -----. (A) the peaceful purposes (B) their peaceful purpose (C) peaceful purpose (D) peaceful purposes ※正解(D)。【解説】 (B)はtheirが何を指すのかが分からない。purpose「目的」は可算名詞である。したがった、(C) peaceful purposeは冠詞を付けるか、複数形にしなければならない。theの有無で悩むところだが、具体的な目的について述べているわけではないので、(D) peaceful purposesが正解となる。 5. 空所補充問題 The importance of the works of Rodin to 20th century sculpture ----- overstated. (A) could hardly (B) is hard to (C) can hardly be (D) is hard to be ※正解(Ｃ)。【解説】 could hardlyとis hard toの後にoverstatedを続けることはできないのは明らかである。正解は(C)か(D)のどちらかである。can hardly be overstatedで「……を誇張し過ぎることはない」の意味になる。 6. 正誤問題 Rag paper (A)made from textile fibers provided (B)the least expensive, (C)more convenient writing surface than the specially prepared leather known (D)as parchment. ※正解(B)。【解説】 the least → a less。thanが使われていることに注目する。したがって、moreに問題はない。the leastは最上級なので、ここはa lessと比較級にしなければ後に来るthanと対応しなくなる。madeの前にはthat isを補って考える。known as ... 「……として知られている」。 7. 正誤問題 (A)Although we often associate gardening with (B)a appreciation of the natural environment, this hobby is a (C)larger source of pesticide pollution than the factories (D)that produce the chemicals. ※正解(B)。【解説】 簡単過ぎて見逃してしまいそうな誤りである。appreciationの前の冠詞はaではなくanである。 8. 正誤問題 There (A)are several occasions (B)on which (C)the Magna Carta was revised and reissued (D)between 1215 and 1217. ※正解(A)。【解説】 are → were。過去に起きたことについて述べているので、areはwereにしなければならない。 9. 正誤問題 (A)Game theory is the mathematical study of strategic (B)phenomena and their influence (C)on the probability of achieving a favorable outcome in games (D)for example poker or chess. ※正解(D)。【解説】 for example → such as。Game theory「ゲーム理論」に冠詞は必要ない。phenomenaはphenomenon「現象」の複数形である。influence「影響」の後に来る前置詞onに問題はない。この文脈ではfor exampleではなくsuch asを使わなくてはいけない。for exampleを用いる場合には、例えば、次のように言う。... in games such as poker or chess, for example / ... in games, for example, poker or chess 10. 正誤問題 (A)Merchants and political refugees (B)from India began (C)arrive in Indonesia (D)more than 2000 years ago. ※正解(Ｃ)。【解説】 arrive → to arrive / arriving。複数形Merchantsと前置詞fromに問題はない。beganの後のarriveはto arrive、あるいは、arrivingにしなければならない。more than ... 「……以上」。 II. 時事英文 The White Swan (その2全5回シリーズ) The story of the swan's last song found a place in the works of other writers, including the early English writers Chaucer and Shakespeare. And, the expression swan song has long been a part of the English language. At first, swan song meant the last work of a poet, musician or writer. Now, it means the final effort of any person. Someone's swan song usually is also considered that person's finest work. III - a. 雑知識
トップバッター 僕は高校の野球部でピッチャーをやっています。監督はいつも｢投手の基本は、接戦でトップバッターに四球を与えないことだ｣と教えてくれます。 "The simplest lesson for a pitcher is not to walk the leadoff batter in a close game." イレギュラーバウンド ショートを守るタケシ君は名手ですが、先日の試合でゴロを捕球しようとしたところ、運悪くイレギュラーバウンドしたボールが彼の鼻を直撃しました。 When Takeshi was trying to catch a ground ball, it took a nasty bounce and hit him right in the nose. ネクストバッターズサークル 9回裏の一打逆転のチャンス。僕がネクストバッターズサークルで待機していると、チームメートのシゲオくんがサヨナラツーラン本塁打を打った。 My teammate Shigeo hit a game-winning two-run homer in the bottom of the ninth inning while I was waiting in the on-deck circle. バックスクリーン うちのチームの4番は頼りになる強打者。決勝戦では満塁の場面で、バックスクリーンに本塁打をたたき込み、チームを勝利に導いてくれました。 With the bases loaded, the clean-up batter hit a homerun over the center field fence and led our team to victory in the final. III -c. News Glossary 'loach' prime minister どじょう宰相 Loaches, a type of bottom-feeding, eel-like fish, have become a bit of an odd buzzword after Noda described himself as one in what has largely been interpreted as a self-deprecating remark. 川底に生息する生物の一種で、ウナギに似た「どじょう」という魚が、ちょっとした奇妙な流行語になっている。野田新首相が自らをそう呼んだからだ。この発言は、大半の人から野田氏が自分を卑下したものと受け止められている。 IV. Jokes a. My young daughter loves to go to performance at the local high school, so when her brother was in a spelling bee, she happily came along. But halfway through, she lost interest. Leaning in to me, she whispered, "This is the most boring play I have ever seen." b. Our five-year-old twins had been squabbling all day, and I'd finally had enough. Pulling them apart, I said, "what would you feel I Daddy and I argued like that?" My son replied, "But you and Daddy chose each other. We had no choice." c. One afternoon, Karyn, my sister-in-law, was driving with her two little girls, Taylor and Tyneel, in the back sheet. After a few minutes of listening to them argue, Karyn yelled, "Knock it off, both of you!" Taylor, the eldest, asked, "How did you know what we were doing?" Mummies have eyes in the back f their heads," Karyn replied. A few weeks later, the gang was again out diving, doing some errands. "Mummy," Taylor asked innocently, "do you still have eyes in the back of your head?" "Of course I do," Karyn responded. Why do you ask?" "Well," she said, pointing to the object in her hands, "I thought maybe you could read us this while you drive." d. Grandpa is a late convert to the technological age. The other day, he called my father to complain that he couldn't use his printer; "The screen says 'Warming Up' " Dad ran over there, only to find half the printer melted. "What happened?" he asked. "I don't know," said Grandpa. "But even the space heater didn't help." |