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資料No. ： NS110914
I-1 TOEIC, TOEFL練習問題
(1) TOEIC １. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Although the project was well-received by the management, it was later postponed _______ a lack of funding. (A) regardless of (B) due to (C) as for (D) so that 2. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 As manufacture becomes cheaper and less local, transport and labor costs have risen, and recycling has become _______ economic. (A) more (B) still (C) less (D) much 3. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 _______ sanctions and aid cuts by the United States, Japan and other countries, India conducted two more underground nuclear tests. (A) Despite (B) Although (C) Between (D) With 4. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 _______ many more elderly parents to care for, more employees will face tough choices in deciding whether to move. (A) Because (B) Though (C) With (D) Among 5. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 A depleted ozone layer allows more UV-B radiation _______ Earth, harming human, animal, and plant life in many ways. (A) getting to (B) to reach (C) arrived on (D) to come 6. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 It's a shame that we have to commute two hours _______ way in rush-hour traffic jams. (A) any (B) some (C) no (D) each 7. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Tobacco smoke contains about 4,000 _______, including 200 known poisons. (A) chemicals (B) nutrition (C) obstacles (D) neutrons (2) TOEFL 1. 空所補充問題 ----- is considered a robotic device because it repositions itself after each cycle of motion. (A) Internal combustion engines (B) The internal combustion engine (C) Internal combustion engine (D) Those internal combustion engines 2. 空所補充問題 A large proportion of English words find their origins ----- the predecessors of modern Germanic and Latinate languages. (A) in (B) at (C) for (D) with 3. 空所補充問題 Earthquakes of equal magnitudes ----- widely differing effects at their epicenters, depending on how deeply below the surface they are centered. (A) can produce (B) producing (C) to produce (D) are produced 4. 空所補充問題 Trees such as mahogany ----- in isolation because the growth of their dense structure requires massive amounts of available nutrients from the surrounding area. (A) tend growing (B) tend to grow (C) tend grow (D) tends to be grown 5. 空所補充問題 The insulating property of a vacuum is derived from the fact that heat transfer requires the presence of molecules ----- energy. (A) capable conducting (B) capable to conduct (C) capable are conducted (D) capable of conducting 6. 正誤問題 Many skyscrapers are now (A)fitted with large sliding (B)weights on their roofs, which can be automatically shifted (C)during earthquakes to minimize the (D)moving of the building. 7. 正誤問題 Televisions and computer displays generate color (A)at the manipulation of the (B)ratios of intensity of (C)evenly distributed pixels of white, blue, red and yellow (D)light. 8. 正誤問題 It has often been (A)noted that (B)contacting sports are a (C)symbolic form of (D)warfare. 9. 正誤問題 Bats (A)that have relatively poor (B)eyesight, but extremely well-developed hearing, and (C)an ability to sense objects and (D)their own orientation through a type of natural sonar. 10. 正誤問題 (A)Some the planets in our solar system, (B)such as Pluto, are believed (C)to have been captured in the Sun's gravitational field (D)while passing by billions of years ago. I-2 TOEIC, TOEFL 練習問題解答 (1) TOEIC １. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Although the project was well-received by the management, it was later postponed _______ a lack of funding. (A) regardless of (B) due to (C) as for (D) so that 訳：その企画を経営陣は喜んで受理したが、後でそれは資金不足により先送りされた。 ※正解(B)。《解説》内容的にa lack of funding「資金不足」がit was later postponed「それは後に先送りされた」ことの理由になっている。したがって、空所には理由を表す群前置詞を置く。理由を表すのはdue to「〜のために」。 《選択肢》(A) regardless of「〜にもかかわらず」、(C) as for「〜に関して」 2. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 As manufacture becomes cheaper and less local, transport and labor costs have risen, and recycling has become _______ economic. (A) more (B) still (C) less (D) much 訳：生産のコストが安くなりその集中化が進むにつれ、輸送や労働のコストは上昇し、リサイクルはより経済的でなくなってきている。 ※正解(Ｃ)。《解説》接続詞のAsはここでは後ろに比較級の文を従えて、「〜するにつれて、ますます…である」という文を作っている。問題箇所は「ますます経済的になる (more economic) 」とするのか、「ますます経済的でなくなる (less economic) 」とするのか、文全体の内容からよく判断する。 《選択肢》(B) と (D) のstill, muchはいずれも比較級の強調に用いられる。 3. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 _______ sanctions and aid cuts by the United States, Japan and other countries, India conducted two more underground nuclear tests. (A) Despite (B) Although (C) Between (D) With 訳：合衆国や日本、その他の諸国による制裁や援助の削減にもかかわらず、インドはさらに2つの地下核実験を実施した。 ※正解(A)。《解説》内容的には譲歩の意味を表す語を入れることになるが、(A) を選んで譲歩の前置詞にするか、(B) を選んで譲歩の接続詞にするか、文の形からよく判断すること。sanctions and aid cuts by the United States, Japan and other countries「合衆国や日本、その他の諸国による制裁や援助の削減」は基本的には一つの名詞句であることを見れば、(A) のDespite 〜「〜にもかかわらず」が入る。 4. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 _______ many more elderly parents to care for, more employees will face tough choices in deciding whether to move. (A) Because (B) Though (C) With (D) Among 訳：従業員のますます多くの者が、介護が必要な一層高齢の親を抱えて、転勤するかどうかの決定に厳しい選択を迫られることになるだろう。 ※正解(Ｃ)。《解説》to care for「介護を要する」はelderly parentsを後ろから修飾する形容詞用法の不定詞。したがって、many more elderly parents to care for全体で1つの名詞句であり、その前に前置詞を置いて、コンマ以下の主節につなげる。(C) のWithが入るが、「〜を抱えて」の意味。 《選択肢》(D) のAmong「〜の間に」も前置詞だが、内容的に合わない。 5. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 A depleted ozone layer allows more UV-B radiation _______ Earth, harming human, animal, and plant life in many ways. (A) getting to (B) to reach (C) arrived on (D) to come 訳：オゾン層の破壊により、より多くの紫外線Bが地球に降り注ぎ、人や動植物にいろいろな害を与えている。 ※正解(B)。《解説》allowという動詞の用法がポイント。「allow＋O＋to do」で「Oが〜するのを許す」という意味になる。したがって、(B) が答えだが、A depleted ozone layer「オゾン層の破壊」がmore UV-B radiation 「より多くの紫外線B」を「地球に到達させる」と言っている。 《選択肢》(A) はgettingと現在分詞であるところが誤り。 6. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 It's a shame that we have to commute two hours _______ way in rush-hour traffic jams. (A) any (B) some (C) no (D) each 訳：ラッシュアワーの交通渋滞の中を片道2時間かけて通勤しなければならないとはひどいことだ。 ※正解(D)。《解説》any, some, noのいずれも後ろに単数名詞、複数名詞の両方をとることが可能であるが、eachは単数名詞しかとることができない。ここではtwo hours each wayで「片道2時間」の意味。commuteは「通勤する」、traffic jamsは「交通渋滞」。 7. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Tobacco smoke contains about 4,000 _______, including 200 known poisons. (A) chemicals (B) nutrition (C) obstacles (D) neutrons 訳：タバコの煙は約4000ほどの化学物質を含んでいるが、そのうち200は毒性物質として知られている。 ※正解(A)。《解説》containもincludeも「〜を含む」の意味。ただし、containは あるものを内容の全体として含む場合に、includeはある物を内容の一部として含む場合に用いられる。ここではタバコがその中に4000もの何を入れているかを考えるが、答えは複数名詞になる。 《選択肢》(A) chemicals「化学物質」、(B) nutrition「栄養（物）」、(C) obstacles「障害（物）」、(D) neutrons「中性子」 (2) TOEFL 1. 空所補充問題 ----- is considered a robotic device because it repositions itself after each cycle of motion. (A) Internal combustion engines (B) The internal combustion engine (C) Internal combustion engine (D) Those internal combustion engines ※正解(B)。【解説】 空所の後にisが来ていることから複数形enginesを含む選択肢は除外でき る。Internal combustion engineには冠詞がないので、これも使えない。正解はThe internal combustion engineである。 2. 空所補充問題 A large proportion of English words find their origins ----- the predecessors of modern Germanic and Latinate languages. (A) in (B) at (C) for (D) with ※正解(A)。【解説】 難しく考える必要はない。find their origins in ... で「語源は ... の中に見いだせる」の意味になる。正解はinである。 3. 空所補充問題 Earthquakes of equal magnitudes ----- widely differing effects at their epicenters, depending on how deeply below the surface they are centered. (A) can produce (B) producing (C) to produce (D) are produced ※正解(A)。【解説】 空所にはこの文の動詞が入るのは明らか。したがって、producingとto produceは除外できる。widely differing effectsは動詞の目的語になるので、正解 はcan produceになる。 4. 空所補充問題 Trees such as mahogany ----- in isolation because the growth of their dense structure requires massive amounts of available nutrients from the surrounding area. (A) tend growing (B) tend to grow (C) tend grow (D) tends to be grown ※正解(B)。【解説】 tend to grow この文の主語はTreesである。したがって、tends to be grownは不可。 tendの後に不定詞toを続けて、tend to ... で「... する傾向がある」の意味にな る。 5. 空所補充問題 The insulating property of a vacuum is derived from the fact that heat transfer requires the presence of molecules ----- energy. (A) capable conducting (B) capable to conduct (C) capable are conducted (D) capable of conducting ※正解(D)。【解説】 capableの用法を知っていればすぐに答えが分かるはずである。capableの後にはto不定詞ではなく、前置詞ofが来る。正解はcapable of conductingである。 6. 正誤問題 Many skyscrapers are now (A)fitted with large sliding (B)weights on their roofs, which can be automatically shifted (C)during earthquakes to minimize the (D)moving of the building. ※正解(D)。【解説】 moving → movement。 be fitted with ... で「... が装備されている」の意味。weight「重り」 は可算名詞。前置詞duringの用法に誤りはない。冠詞theの後では動名詞movingでは なく名詞movementを用いる。 7. 正誤問題 Televisions and computer displays generate color (A)at the manipulation of the (B)ratios of intensity of (C)evenly distributed pixels of white, blue, red and yellow (D)light. ※正解(A)。【解説】 at → through。 前後の流れからして、the manipulation「操作」の前には手段、方法を表す 前置詞が入るはずである。ここではatではなくthroughを使う。複数形ratios「割 合、比率」、副詞evenly、不可算名詞light「明かり」の使い方に誤りはない。 8. 正誤問題 It has often been (A)noted that (B)contacting sports are a (C)symbolic form of (D)warfare. ※正解(B)。【解説】 contacting sports → contact sports。 note「言及する」の過去分詞形に問題はない。「コンタクト（体をぶつけ合 う）スポーツ」はcontact sportsと言う。symbolicは形容詞で「象徴的な」の意味。 warfare「戦争、争い」は不可算名詞である。 9. 正誤問題 Bats (A)that have relatively poor (B)eyesight, but extremely well-developed hearing, and (C)an ability to sense objects and (D)their own orientation through a type of natural sonar. ※正解(A)。【解説】 that have → have。 この文の動詞はどれか。haveである。ということは、Batsの後の関係代名詞 thatは不要である。eyesight「視力」は不可算名詞。冠詞anの用法に問題はない。 theirはbatsを受けている。 10. 正誤問題 (A)Some the planets in our solar system, (B)such as Pluto, are believed (C)to have been captured in the Sun's gravitational field (D)while passing by billions of years ago. ※正解(A)。【解説】 Some → Some of。 文頭のSomeに注目。その後に冠詞theがあるので、前置詞ofを使って、Some of the planetsとしなければならない。such as ... 「... のようなもの」、不定詞 to、接続詞whileの用法に問題はない。 II. 時事英文 For Many Americans Summertime is Reading Time(その9：全14回シリーズ) SHIRLEY GRIFFITH: "Swamplandia!" by Karen Russell is set in the heat of southern Florida. MARK LAFRAMBOISE: "I love books that can make you laugh and can make you cry at the same time, and she does that really well." SHIRLEY GRIFFITH: Thirteen year old Ava Bigtree comes from a family of alligator wrestlers. Her family owns a wildlife park called "Swamplandia!," where they perform their unusual skills. But after the death of Ava's mother, the family's business and home life slowly start to fall apart. Her father leaves home on business. Her brother goes off to work at a competing business. And her sister falls in love with a ghost. Ava bravely attempts to repair the failing "Swamplandia!" and also bring her family back together. III - a. 雑知識
通信教育 キャリアアップを目指して公認会計士の資格を取ろうと決意したのですが、仕事が忙しくて学校へは通えません。結局、通信教育で学ぶことにしました。 I decided to take a correspondence cource in certified public accountancy. 三日坊主 夫が2年前に｢四十の手習い｣ということで、ピアノを習い始めたのですが、予想通り長続きしませんでした。彼は何をやっても三日坊主です。 My husband started practicing piano, but as I expected he quit in no time. He never sticks anything for very long. 個人レッスン 商社に勤務する友人のサトウ君は、9月から北京支店への転勤が決まりました。そこで毎日、仕事が終わった後、個人レッスンで中国語を勉強しています。 Mr. Sato, who will be assigned to the Beijing branch from September, is now taking private lessons every day with a Chinese teacher. 教育熱心な親 私は小学校の教師をしていますが、生徒の親たちはとても教育熱心。ほとんどが子供を塾に通わせています。 There are many education-minded parents in the elementary school where I teach. Most of them send their children to cram schools. III -c. News Glossary e-mail scandal やらせメール問題 Japan's nuclear industry credibility crumbles amid e-mail scandal. ｢やらせメール問題｣で日本の原子力産業の信用は崩壊した。 IV. Jokes a. Three days of suffering through a nasty virus left me wiped out. But I found a silver lining the very first day I could crawl out of bed. Throwing on a pair of pants, I called out to my husband, "Look! These jeans fit - they finally fit!" "Great," he said. "But they're mine." b. "Do you want to insure this?" asked the clerk at the post office when I handed her my package. "Nope," I answered. "The contents aren't breakable." The clerk wasn't so sure. "Ma'am, we aqre professionals. We can break anything." c. You've heard of road rage, but here's a case of food rage. A Jacksonville, Florida, man was so upset when a sandwich shop left the special sauce off his order that he called 911 … twice. The first time was to ask if officers could make sure his sandwich was made properly. The second time, to complain that the cops weren't responding fast enough to the first call. d. I'd had enough of searching high and low for my newspaper every morning, so I called the delivery service and complained. After listening to my rant, the clerk asked, "Where do you usually find your paper?" "Sometimes in the bushes, sometimes on my porch," I stated. "OK," she said. "And where would you prefer to find iy?" e. Visiting my in-laws is a heart-stopping experience if only because my brother-in-law drives in the middle of the road, straddling the double yellow lines that separate traffic. My sister-in-law does little to ease my fears. Seeing the horror in my eyes, she once said, "Don't worry. Everyone around here drives in the middle of the road." f. My current wife and my ex-wife barely talk. But they were thrown together when my mother-in-law had all the grandkids at her home for a cookout. Luckily, I wasn't there, which irked my ex. "Where's Paul?" she asked. "He's home, mowing the lawn," said my wife. My ex smiled. "I wish I'd married someone like that." g. After not firing a gun for years, I visited a nearby pistol range. I was awful - couldn't hit a thing. Turning to my friend, who was watching, I said, "I know it may be hard to believe, but I was on my school's shooting team." He asked, "What were you - the target?" |