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資料No. ： NS110831
I-1 TOEIC, TOEFL練習問題
(1) TOEIC １. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 If Miss Green _______ me some notice, I could have prepared the room for her arrival. (A) would give (B) had given (C) has given (D) gave 2. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 To my regret, not only Mr. Wilson but also his boss _______ on a business trip then. (A) were (B) had been (C) has been (D) was 3. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Like the tropical forests _______ they are frequently compared, reefs are repositories of vast biological wealth. (A) to which (B) in order (C) with that (D) in which 4. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 She _______ that she had forgotten to mail the letters. (A) permitted (B) admitted (C) attempted (D) acquitted 5. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 It _______ be better if you transfer the funds directly to our bank. (A) could (B) might (C) shall (D) perhaps 6. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 This is to _______ you that our Nagoya office will open in May. (A) impress (B) announce (C) inform (D) address 7. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 One of the biggest problems is the _______ of sufficient funding. (A) lack (B) desire (C) amount (D) needing (2) TOEFL 1. 空所補充問題 Sneezing, a physiological response to irritation of the tissues lining the inside of the nose, usually ----- with the release of chemicals such as histamines. (A) begins (B) beginning (C) to begin (D) begun 2. 空所補充問題 Some anthropologists say the development of the ability to throw stones was a uniquely significant leap in the evolutionary success of early man, ----- others believe there were many similar innovations of equal importance. (A) so (B) since (C) whereas (D) because 3. 空所補充問題 ----- to obtain more plentiful supplies of fossil fuels in the mid-1940s, the Second World War might have raged on for several more years. (A) The Axis powers had been able (B) Able the Axis powers had been (C) Had been the Axis powers able (D) Had the Axis powers been able 4. 空所補充問題 Before pigments could be chemically synthesized cheaply and in large quantities, artists painted with substances they found at hand, such as corroded lead, egg yolks and animal -----. (A) bloody (B) bleeding (C) blood (D) bloodily 5. 空所補充問題 ----- the body needs, as well as the medical knowledge of this necessity, ship's crews commonly suffered from scurvy. (A) Lacked citric acid (B) Citric acid it lacked (C) Citric acid lacking (D) Lacking the citric acid 6. 正誤問題 In (A)certain types of storms, lightning can (B)travel from cloud to cloud as often (C)than it (D)does from cloud to ground. 7. 正誤問題 (A)A number of unresolved disputes continue (B)to exist in the Asia-Pacific region, such as (C)for instance the division of the Korean peninsula, the Taiwan (D)issue, and the conflicting territorial claims in the South China Sea. 8. 正誤問題 (A)Impairment of the frontal lobes of the brain results (B)in loss of reason, caution, (C)inhibitions, sociability, talkativeness and (D)intelligent. 9. 正誤問題 Most types of rock (A)are formed by a mixture of minerals, (B)because limestone and marble are (C)examples of those (D)which are composed of a single mineral. 10. 正誤問題 The development of modern chemistry was the culmination of a (A)four-thousands-year process (B)that began with ancient musing (C)on the nature of matter and (D)the composition of the universe. I-2 TOEIC, TOEFL 練習問題解答 (1) TOEIC １. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 If Miss Green _______ me some notice, I could have prepared the room for her arrival. (A) would give (B) had given (C) has given (D) gave 訳：もしグリーンさんが来ることを知らせてくれていたなら、私は彼女に部屋を用意しておくことができただろう。 ※正解(B)。《解説》過去の事実に反することを仮定して言う仮定法過去完了の文。主節はI could have prepared the room for 〜「私は〜のために部屋を用意しておくことができただろう」と仮定法過去完了なので、If節もこれに合わせて「had＋過去分詞」の形で作る。 2. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 To my regret, not only Mr. Wilson but also his boss _______ on a business trip then. (A) were (B) had been (C) has been (D) was 訳：残念なことに、ウィルソン氏だけでなく、彼の上司までもが、そのとき出張中であった。 ※正解(D)。《解説》相関接続詞not only A but also B「AだけでなくBもまた」の構文では、これが主語に来た場合、動詞はBに一致させる。Bにあたるのは、ここではhis boss「彼の上司」で単数名詞である。なお、then「そのとき」があるので、時制は過去形が適当で、(B) や (C) の完了時制は不適当。 3. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Like the tropical forests _______ they are frequently compared, reefs are repositories of vast biological wealth. (A) to which (B) in order (C) with that (D) in which 訳：よく比較される熱帯の森林のように、珊瑚礁はおびただしい生物の宝庫である。 ※正解(A)。《解説》comparedはbe compared to[with] 〜の形で「〜と比較される」の意味になる。the tropical forests「熱帯の森林」を先行詞とする関係代名詞を空所に入れることになるが、この場合compared につく前置詞（toないしwith）が関係代名詞の前に場所を移す形になる。 《選択肢》 (C) は関係詞のthatはその前に前置詞を置くことはできないので誤り。 4. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 She _______ that she had forgotten to mail the letters. (A) permitted (B) admitted (C) attempted (D) acquitted 訳：彼女は手紙を出すのを忘れたことを認めました。 ※正解(B)。「認める」の意味の動詞を選びます。permit は「許可する」。attempt は「試みる」。acquit は「釈放する」。admit は通例自分に都合の悪いことをしぶしぶ認めるような場合に用いられます。 5. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 It _______ be better if you transfer the funds directly to our bank. (A) could (B) might (C) shall (D) perhaps 訳：資金を直接当行に移しかえていただいた方が良いかもしれません。 ※正解(B)。まず、perhaps は副詞であるので、ここには入らない（後ろに原形の be があるので）ことを理解したい。後は意味上どれが一番適切かを判断するしかありません。 6. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 This is to _______ you that our Nagoya office will open in May. (A) impress (B) announce (C) inform (D) address 訳：当社名古屋支店が 5 月に開店することをお知らせいたします。 ※正解(Ｃ)。impress と address は意味上不自然。announce は announce that ... の形をとるか、または announce the opening of ... の形であれば可。inform は動詞＋目的語＋ that ... の形をとることができる。 7. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 One of the biggest problems is the _______ of sufficient funding. (A) lack (B) desire (C) amount (D) needing 訳：最大の問題のひとつは充分な資金の不足です。 ※正解(A)。「不足」の意味になるものは lack しかありません。desire は「欲求」、amount は「量」、needing については、need だけであれば、in need of ... の形で、「…を必要としている」という意味があります。 (2) TOEFL 1. 空所補充問題 Sneezing, a physiological response to irritation of the tissues lining the inside of the nose, usually ----- with the release of chemicals such as histamines. (A) begins (B) beginning (C) to begin (D) begun ※正解(A)。【解説】 この文の主語はSneezingで、a physiological ... noseまでがそれを補足す る語句である。したがって、空所にはSneezingを受ける動詞beginsが入ることにな る。 2. 空所補充問題 Some anthropologists say the development of the ability to throw stones was a uniquely significant leap in the evolutionary success of early man, ----- others believe there were many similar innovations of equal importance. (A) so (B) since (C) whereas (D) because ※正解(Ｃ)。【解説】 Someとothersが使われていることに注意。文の流れは「... と言う人類学者 もいれば、〜だと信じている人類学者もいる」となるはずである。この流れに合うの はwhereas「その一方で」である。 3. 空所補充問題 ----- to obtain more plentiful supplies of fossil fuels in the mid-1940s, the Second World War might have raged on for several more years. (A) The Axis powers had been able (B) Able the Axis powers had been (C) Had been the Axis powers able (D) Had the Axis powers been able ※正解(D)。【解説】 後半にmight have raged ... があるということは、仮定法の過去完了の文であるはずだが。Had the Axis powers been able ... は、If the Axis had been able ... を倒置してIfを省略した文なので、これが正解となる。 4. 空所補充問題 Before pigments could be chemically synthesized cheaply and in large quantities, artists painted with substances they found at hand, such as corroded lead, egg yolks and animal -----. (A) bloody (B) bleeding (C) blood (D) bloodily ※正解(Ｃ)。【解説】 空所の前には、corroded lead「腐食した鉛」、egg yolks「卵の黄身」と名 詞句が使われている。したがって、選択肢の中から名詞を選べばいいことになる。正 解はbloodである。 5. 空所補充問題 ----- the body needs, as well as the medical knowledge of this necessity, ship's crews commonly suffered from scurvy. (A) Lacked citric acid (B) Citric acid it lacked (C) Citric acid lacking (D) Lacking the citric acid ※正解(D)。【解説】 カンマ(,)の後に文が来ていることから、空所には接続詞が入るのではない かと考えられる。しかし、選択肢には接続詞が使われていない。分詞構文Lacking the citric acidを空所に入れれば、Since they lacked the citric acidの意味を表 すので、これが正解となる。 6. 正誤問題 In (A)certain types of storms, lightning can (B)travel from cloud to cloud as often (C)than it (D)does from cloud to ground. ※正解(Ｃ)。【解説】 than → as。 certain「ある一定の」、travel「伝わる、進む」に問題はない。as oftenの後にthanが来るのはどう考えてもおかしい。ここはasとしなければ文が成立 しない。doesはtravelを受けている（代動詞）。 7. 正誤問題 (A)A number of unresolved disputes continue (B)to exist in the Asia-Pacific region, such as (C)for instance the division of the Korean peninsula, the Taiwan (D)issue, and the conflicting territorial claims in the South China Sea. ※正解(Ｃ)。【解説】 for instance → 取る。 A number of ... で「かなりの」という意味。continueの後に来る不定詞 toに問題はない。such as「例えば」の後に同じような意味を表すfor exampleを続け るのはおかしい。issue「問題」は名詞である。 8. 正誤問題 (A)Impairment of the frontal lobes of the brain results (B)in loss of reason, caution, (C)inhibitions, sociability, talkativeness and (D)intelligent. ※正解(D)。【解説】 intelligent → intelligence。 impairmentは「損傷」の意味。result in ... 「... の結果になる」、 inhibitions「抑制」の使い方には何ら問題はない。intelligentは前に並んでいる名 詞に合わせてintelligenceにしなくてはいけない。 9. 正誤問題 Most types of rock (A)are formed by a mixture of minerals, (B)because limestone and marble are (C)examples of those (D)which are composed of a single mineral. ※正解(B)。【解説】 because → but。 areはMostを受けている。意味を考えてここにbecauseを使うのはおかしい。butにすれば意味が通る。複数形examplesと関係代名詞whichの用法に誤りはない。 10. 正誤問題 The development of modern chemistry was the culmination of a (A)four-thousands-year process (B)that began with ancient musing (C)on the nature of matter and (D)the composition of the universe. ※正解(A)。【解説】 four-thousands-year → four-thousand-year。 頻繁に出題される問題である。ハイフンを使って語を繋ぎ形容詞的に用いる場合にはthousandsのsを取らなくてはいけない。 II. 時事英文 For Many Americans Summertime is Reading Time(その7：全14回シリーズ) STEVE EMBER: Mark LaFramboise is a book buyer for Politics and Prose. We asked him what defines a good summer book. MARK LAFRAMBOISE: "I think, for me, summer reading is all of those things that you wish you had time to read during the busiest part of year, now you are going to take some time off, now you are going to go on vacation and now it is time to read that stack of books that has been sitting next to your desk. So I don't necessarily think that summer reading has to be something light, has to be something mindless" SHIRLEY GRIFFITH: Two of Mark LaFramboise's suggested books involve animals. "The Tiger's Wife" is by the twenty-five year old writer Tea Obreht. She lives in the United States, but was born in the former Yugoslavia. Her book takes place in an unnamed Balkan country. MARK LAFRAMBOISE: "Even though the writing is beautiful, the language is beautiful, it's really the story that packs the most punch" III - a. 雑知識
老眼鏡 若いと思っていた私も40代半ばになり、最近、小さい字が読みにくくなりました。新聞を読むときは、老眼鏡が欠かせません。 I'm in my 40s and now have difficulty reading small print. I need to wear reading glasses whenever I pick up a book or newspaper. 近視 私の夫は若いころから強度の近視で、日常生活上はもちろん、メガネなしでは車の運転などできません。 My husband is so nearsighted that he cannot drive without glasses. 充血する メガネの代わりに初めてコンタクトレンズを試してみました。でも、目が充血してしまい眼科で精密検査を受けることになりました。 I tried contact lenses for the first time the other day, but they left my eyes bloodshot. I had to go to an eye clinic for an examination. くまができる 一夜漬けで期末試験の勉強をしていた高校生の息子。今朝は寝不足で目の下にくまができていました。 My son stayed up late last night cramming for his final exam. He had dark circles under his eyes from the lack of sleep this morning. III -c. News Glossary World Heritage List 世界遺産リスト The World Heritage Committee has inscribed the Ogasawara Islands, the Japanese islands situated some 1,000 km south of the country's main archipelago, on UNESCO's World Heritage List for the wealth of their ecosystems which reflect a wide range of evolutionary processes. IV. Jokes a. All this talk of genetically modified food that tastes bad and is dangerous is nonsense. I mean, just today I had a delicious leg of salmon. b. This guy at work argued with everybody that his pink oxford shirt was actually "salmon." Finally, human resources brought in a grizzly bear to settle the dispute. c. How we got into This Financial Mess, a parable: As a stockbroker gets out of his BMW, a car slams into the door, shearing it off. When the police arrive, the stockbroker is apoplectic. "See what that idiot did to my beautiful Bimmer?" he shouts. "Do you know what this car cost?" "Sir," says the officer, "you're so worried about your car that you haven't even noticed that your left arm was ripped off." The stockbroker takes a look at where his arm once was and screams, "Where's my Rolex?!" d. Charles Dickens walks into a bar and orders a martini. The bartender asks, "Olive or twist?" e. 'I was asked at a lecture, 'Why can't I clone myself and keep the copies as spare parts?' And my answer was, 'Be careful - one of the copies might keep you for spare parts.' " f. "The main advantage of being famous is that when you bore people at dinner parties, they think it is their fault." g. "When I was a little boy, they called me a liar. But now that I am grown up, they call me a writer." |