資料No. : NS110706
I-1 TOEIC, TOEFL練習問題 (1) TOEIC 1. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 I think you'll _______ here. (A) enjoy working (B) enjoy to work (C) be enjoyed work (D) enjoy quite working 2. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 In the modern world, people are still often imprisoned merely for _______ their opinions. (A) speak (B) spoken (C) speaking (D) to speak 3. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 It suddenly began to rain, causing all the people in the park _______ for cover. (A) run (B) ran (C) to run (D) was running 4. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 I am currently studying French in the hope that my boss will _______ me to transfer to the Paris branch. (A) let (B) give (C) make (D) allow 5. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 I would rather _______ to the party tonight. (A) not to go (B) to not go (C) not going (D) not go 6. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 During my college years, I would often stay up all night _______ political issues with my roommate. (A) discuss (B) debating (C) being debated (D) discussing about 7. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 My dentist always stresses the importance of getting my teeth _______ regularly. (A) cleaned (B) cleaning (C) to clean (D) to be cleaned (2) TOEFL 1. 空所補充問題 In order ----- the momentum of any moving object, one must multiply its mass by its velocity. (A) calculate (B) calculated (C) calculating (D) to calculate 2. 空所補充問題 Seismic surveys are conducted by ----- off manmade explosions in different locations on the surface of the earth and then analyzing the resulting echoes. (A) taking (B) giving (C) telling (D) setting 3. 空所補充問題 Nicaragua's constitution of 1995 prevented future presidents ----- serving consecutive terms. (A) to (B) of (C) from (D) out 4. 空所補充問題 ----- molten lava cools under certain conditions, the result can be obsidian, a natural substance similar to glass. (A) Though (B) When (C) Why (D) Which 5. 空所補充問題 The rocky, hilly island of Aruba in the West Indies ----- part of a colony of the Netherlands since that country took possession of it in 1634. (A) was being (B) has been (C) being (D) to be 6. 正誤問題 The ability to conceive (A)of speech as meaningful usually emerges (B)shortly after an infant's first birthday, and children make (C)amazing rapid progress toward fluent speech during (D)their second year. 7. 正誤問題 Topologists (A)are mathematicians (B)they study the (C)mathematical properties of geometrical (D)figures. 8. 正誤問題 The telephone has been (A)characterized by some philosophers (B)as the earliest example of what has come to (C)called "virtual reality" in the computer (D)age. 9. 正誤問題 The (A)largest cargo ships, referred to (B)by supertankers, often (C)exceed a half a million tons in (D)deadweight. 10. 正誤問題 The australopithecine is (A)a prehuman creature (B)that lived about 3 million years ago, and (C)when existence has been inferred (D)from fossil evidence. I-2 TOEIC, TOEFL 練習問題解答 (1) TOEIC 1. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 I think you'll _______ here. (A) enjoy working (B) enjoy to work (C) be enjoyed work (D) enjoy quite working 訳:ここで働くのは楽しいと思いますよ。 ※正解(A)。【着眼点】enjoyは目的語に動名詞 (working) はとるがto不定詞 (to work) はとらない。 【選択肢】enjoyを副詞のquiteで強調すること自体は可能だが、ただしこれには条件があって、enjoyが未来時制で用いられた場合は不自然とされる。また、enjoyを修飾するquiteは通例enjoyの前に置かれる点にも注意(I quite enjoyed it.)。したがって (D) はだめ。 2. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 In the modern world, people are still often imprisoned merely for _______ their opinions. (A) speak (B) spoken (C) speaking (D) to speak 訳:現代の世界にあってもまだ、自らの思うところを口にしたというそれだけのことで投獄されるケースが多々ある。 ※正解(C)。【着眼点】空所の前が前置詞 (for) である点に注意。前置詞の目的語になれるのは動名詞 (speaking) のほうであり、to不定詞 (to speak) は不可。be imprisoned for 〜は「〜のかどで投獄される」の意。 3. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 It suddenly began to rain, causing all the people in the park _______ for cover. (A) run (B) ran (C) to run (D) was running 訳:突然雨が降ってきたものだから、公園にいた人たちはみんな大急ぎで雨宿りできる場所をさがした。 ※正解(C)。【着眼点】「cause+O」の後はto不定詞。「S+cause+O+to 〜」は「Sが原因となって結果的にOがto以下することになる」の意で、makeやhaveと違って偶発性・無意図性が含意される。 【文構造】「結果」を表す分詞構文で、「突然の雨で、それが原因でcause以下だった」と頭から訳し下ろしていける。causingの意味上の主語はIt ... rainで述べられた出来事全体。このような構文にも慣れておきたい(→類例:At times the moon comes between the earth and the sun, causing an eclipse [=日食].)。 【選択肢】(B)や (D)だと「cause+ (that)節」で変。 4. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 I am currently studying French in the hope that my boss will _______ me to transfer to the Paris branch. (A) let (B) give (C) make (D) allow 訳:上司からパリ支店への転勤許可が得られることを期待して、現在フランス語の勉強に取り組んでおります。 ※正解(D)。【着眼点】空所の後が「me(目的格=目的語)+to transfer(to不定詞)」の形をとっている点に注意。letやmakeはOの後に原形不定詞を従える。(B)のgiveは問題外。「allow+O+〜」は〜にto不定詞をとり、「Oが〜するのを許可[了解]する」の意。なお、Oの後に -ingをとる形はない(allow him to go [×going] out)こともついでに押さえておこう。 5. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 I would rather _______ to the party tonight. (A) not to go (B) to not go (C) not going (D) not go 訳:今夜はパーティーには行かないことにしたいと思う。 ※正解(D)。【着眼点】would rather 〜は〜に原形不定詞をとる慣用表現であるから (A), (B), (C)は不可。なお、toつきにせよtoなしにせよ、不定詞の否定形は否定語を不定詞の直前に置いてつくる点にも注意。would rather not 〜は「〜しないことを望む」の意になる。 6. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 During my college years, I would often stay up all night _______ political issues with my roommate. (A) discuss (B) debating (C) being debated (D) discussing about 訳:大学生時代はよくルームメイトと政治問題について議論を戦わせながら夜を明かしたものだ。 ※正解(B)。【着眼点】「〜しながら」という付帯状況を表す分詞構文の分詞を選ぶ問題。議論するのはだれかという分詞の意味主語は、ここでは文全体の主語であるIと一致する。 【選択肢】Iは議論する側だから (C) は不可。(D) はIとの関係においては問題ないがdiscussが他動詞であることから目的語 (political issue) との関係が不可( → aboutは不要)。 7. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 My dentist always stresses the importance of getting my teeth _______ regularly. (A) cleaned (B) cleaning (C) to clean (D) to be cleaned 訳:私のかかりつけの歯医者は規則正しく歯をみがくことの大切さをいつも強調する。 ※正解(A)。【着眼点】'get(ting) +O (my teeth) +_____'の _____ の位置を占める構文上の資格自体は (A), (B), (C) のいずれにもある。そこで、Oが _____ に対して意味上能動主語(cleanする側)か、それとも受動主語(cleanされる側)かを考えると、歯は「みがかれる」のだから (A) のcleanedが正しいとわかる。 【選択肢】getはOの後にto不定詞をとれるが、そのto不定詞が受け身になっている (D) のような形は通例不可。 (2) TOEFL 1. 空所補充問題 In order ----- the momentum of any moving object, one must multiply its mass by its velocity. (A) calculate (B) calculated (C) calculating (D) to calculate ※正解(D)。【解説】 基本的な問題である。In order... の後に動詞を続けることになるので、この場合はto不定詞を使う。velocity「速力」。 2. 空所補充問題 Seismic surveys are conducted by ----- off manmade explosions in different locations on the surface of the earth and then analyzing the resulting echoes. (A) taking (B) giving (C) telling (D) setting ※正解(D)。【解説】 offの後にmanmade explosions「人工の(人の手による)爆発」が来ている。setを空所に入れればset offで「(爆発を)引き起こす」という意味になる。seismic「地震の」。 3. 空所補充問題 Nicaragua's constitution of 1995 prevented future presidents ----- serving consecutive terms. (A) to (B) of (C) from (D) out ※正解(C)。【解説】 動詞preventと一緒に使う前置詞は? fromである。prevent... from〜で「……に〜させない、妨げる」という意味になる。 4. 空所補充問題 ----- molten lava cools under certain conditions, the result can be obsidian, a natural substance similar to glass. (A) Though (B) When (C) Why (D) Which ※正解(B)。【解説】 文の前半は「……すると」、後半は「その結果は……」という流れになるはずである。正解は(B) Whenである。 5. 空所補充問題 The rocky, hilly island of Aruba in the West Indies ----- part of a colony of the Netherlands since that country took possession of it in 1634. (A) was being (B) has been (C) being (D) to be ※正解(B)。【解説】 空所にはこの文の動詞が入ることになるので、(C) (D)は不可。was beingでは意味が通らない。したがって、正解は(B)。 6. 正誤問題 The ability to conceive (A)of speech as meaningful usually emerges (B)shortly after an infant's first birthday, and children make (C)amazing rapid progress toward fluent speech during (D)their second year. ※正解(C)。【解説】 amazing → amazingly。conceive of... as 〜で「……を〜だと思う」、shortly after... で「……のすぐ後」の意味。amazingは形容詞rapidを修飾するのでamazinglyと副詞形にする。theirをchildrenのことを指す。 7. 正誤問題 Topologists (A)are mathematicians (B)they study the (C)mathematical properties of geometrical (D)figures. ※正解(B)。【解説】 they → who/that。heyに注目。このままではtheyの前後の文が繋がらない。theyの代わりに関係代名詞who/thatを使えばいい。topologist「位相幾何学者」。 8. 正誤問題 The telephone has been (A)characterized by some philosophers (B)as the earliest example of what has come to (C)called "virtual reality" in the computer (D)age. ※正解(C)。【解説】 called → be called。受け身be characterized by... 、前置詞asの用法に問題はない。「……と呼ばれるようになった」という意味を表すにはhas come to be called... にしなければいけない。the computer age「コンピューター時代」。 9. 正誤問題 The (A)largest cargo ships, referred to (B)by supertankers, often (C)exceed a half a million tons in (D)deadweight. ※正解(B)。【解説】 by → as。最上級largestに問題はない。(which is) referred to as... で「……として呼ばれる」の意味になる。exceed「越える」、deadweight「総重量」。 10. 正誤問題 The australopithecine is (A)a prehuman creature (B)that lived about 3 million years ago, and (C)when existence has been inferred (D)from fossil evidence. ※正解(C)。【解説】 when → whose。冠詞a、関係代名詞thatの用法に問題はない。whenをwhoseにしなければ意味が通らない。be inferred from... 「……から推測される」。australopithecine「アウストラロピテクス属の猿人」。 II. 時事英文 Royal Wedding Draws a Worldwide Crowd 29 April 2011 (その6;全7回シリーズ) William and the newest member of the royal family will now be known as the Duke and Duchess of Cambridge. Kate is twenty-nine year old. William will be twenty-nine in June. His grandmother is Queen Elizabeth. His father, Prince Charles, is first in line to become king. William, as the older son, is second in line. Kate would not become queen, however, since she is not in the royal blood line. III - a. 雑知識
コンクール 私の娘は歌が大好きで、中学ではコーラス部に所属しています。先週開かれた、県の合唱コンクールでは、彼女の学校が優勝しました。 My daughter is a member of the chorus club in junior high school. I'm very happy that her school won the first prize in the prefectural chorus contest last week. アイスキャンディー 今日は蒸し暑い一日でした。野球の練習の帰り道に、のどが渇いたので、僕はチームメートと一緒に、コンビニでアイスキャンディーを買って食べました。 It was so hot and muggy today. My teammate and I bought and ate popsicles at a convenience store on our way home from baseball practice. ハイソックス 私の息子が通っている小学校では制服があります。男の子は全員、半ズボンに紺のハイソックスを履くのが決まりになっています。 The elementary school which my son attends requires all the boys to wear shorts and dark-blue knee socks. シャボン玉 部屋の片づけをしていたら、古いアルバムを発見。それをめくっていたら、5歳の私が自宅の庭でシャボン玉を飛ばしている写真がありました。 While leafing through an old album, I happened to find a photoof me blowing bubbles in the garden at home when I was five. III -c. News Glossary lifting of travel warning 渡航延期勧告解除 On April 15, the United States, saying the situation at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant had become less perilous, lifted its travel warning for Tokyo and said it would allow dependents of government employees to return to Japan. 米国は4月15日、福島第一原発の危機的状況がやや改善したとして、東京への渡航延期勧告を解除した。また、米政府職員の家族が日本へ戻ることも許可すると発表した。 IV. Jokes a. Flummoxed by his true-false final exam, a student decides to toss a coin up in the air. Heads means true; tails, false. Thirty minutes later, he's done, well before the rest of the class. But then the student starts flipping the coin again. And soon he's swearing and sweating over each question. "What's wrong?" asks the concerned teacher. "I'm rechecking my answers," says the student. b. A man walks into the street and hails a passing taxi. "Perfect timing," he tells the driver. "You're just like Frank." "Who?" asks the cabbie. "Frank Fielding. He did everything right. Great tennis player, wonderful golfer, sang like Pavarotti." "Sounds like quite a guy." "Not only that, he remembered everyone's birthday, was a wine connoisseur, and could fix anything. And his wardrobe? Immaculate. He was the perfect man. No-one could ever measure up to Frank." "Amazing. How'd you meet him?" "Oh, I never met Frank." "How do you know so much about him?" "I married his widow." c. My ex-wife was deaf. She left me for a deaf friend of hers. To be honest, I should have seen the signs. d. An amnesiac walks into a bar. He goes up to a beautiful blonde and says. "Do I come here often?" e. A Dutchwoman explains her nation's flag to an American friend. "It symbolizes our taxes," she jokes."We get red when we talk about them, white when we get our bill, and blue after we pay." "Same with us," says the American. "Only we see stars too." f. The reason grandparents and children get along so well is really quite simple: They have a common enemy. g. The opposite of talking isn't listening. The opposite of talking is waiting. h. I'm a total commitment phobe. I've been having therapy for it. Well, I had one session, but at the end the therapist asked me, "Are you going to make another appointment?" I said, "Too clingy." |