資料No. : NS110622
I-1 TOEIC, TOEFL練習問題 (1) TOEIC 1. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 The man you just asked about is sitting near the window _______ the host and his wife. (A) among (B) besides (C) between (D) closely 2. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 In that area a lot of people carry concealed weapons _______ being attacked by bandits. (A) in case (B) just in case (C) in any case (D) in case of 3. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 We regret that _______ the typhoon we were not able to finish the project on time. (A) due for (B) owing from (C) because of (D) because 4. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 I'm getting a little worried about Bill because I haven't heard from him _______. (A) lately (B) on late (C) nowadays (D) in these days 5. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 The new phone system will allow us to contact our branches _______. (A) directional (B) directive (C) director (D) directly 6. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 I don't think they're working _______ to finish on schedule. (A) enough fast (B) fast enough (C) quite enough fast (D) very fast enough 7. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 All new employees are required to attend _______ training course. (A) three-months (B) three-month's (C) a three-month (D) a three-months (2) TOEFL 1. 空所補充問題 Laozi is a legendary figure who ----- one of the basic books of the Chinese philosophy known as Taoism, or Daoism. (A) said is to have written (B) is said to have written (C) is said having to write (D) had said to have been written 2. 空所補充問題 Educational psychologists use the knowledge and methods of ----- to study the processes of learning and teaching. (A) psychological (B) psychologically (C) psychology (D) psychologist 3. 空所補充問題 Since the directional orientation of the body has no effect on comfort in a weightless environment, sleeping bags in the International Space Station are vertical to the floor, and ----- to a wall. (A) to be attached (B) attaching (C) attached (D) to attach 4. 空所補充問題 ----- plant material can be used as a soil conditioner known as compost, which helps increase soil fertility. (A) Partial decayed (B) Partially decayed (C) Decayed partially (D) Decayed partial 5. 空所補充問題 The typical university ----- bachelor's, master's, specialist, and doctoral degrees. (A) to grant (B) granting (C) it grants (D) grants 6. 正誤問題 The stomach, small intestine (A)and large intestine (B)are (C)they included (D)in the human digestive tract. 7. 正誤問題 A coral reef usually (A)forms in an elongated shape roughly (B)parallel to a shoreline, and is separated (C)from the shore by (D)their lagoon or other body of water. 8. 正誤問題 In 1961, a computer succeeded (A)to the first time ever (B)in generating specifications for the number of components and (C)most efficient wiring plan for (D)another computer. 9. 正誤問題 The process of (A)progressive medical care may begin (B)with intensive care, (C)followed by intermediate care, long-term care, (D)but self care or home-care. 10. 正誤問題 (A)An imperfect rhyme (B)in which two words are (C)spelling similarly but pronounced differently is known in poetry (D)as an eye rhyme. I-2 TOEIC, TOEFL 練習問題解答 (1) TOEIC 1. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 The man you just asked about is sitting near the window _______ the host and his wife. (A) among (B) besides (C) between (D) closely 訳:あなたが今し方お尋ねになった方は、窓の近くでホスト夫妻にはさまれて座っているあの方です。 ※正解(C)。【着眼点】消去法でいくと、amongは3人以上に用いるから (A) は不可。besidesには位置関係の近さを表す用法はないから (B) も不可。closelyは副詞で問題外。ということで正解は (C) となる。英語では、このようにまずnear the windowと大まかなほうを言って、続くbetween the host and his wifeで絞り込む、という形が好まれる (cf. out in the garden)。 2. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 In that area a lot of people carry concealed weapons _______ being attacked by bandits. (A) in case (B) just in case (C) in any case (D) in case of 訳:その地域では、追いはぎに遭ったときの用心に多くの人が武器を隠し持って歩いている。 ※正解(D)。【着眼点】空所の後の -ing形(動名詞)とうまくつながるものをさがすと、群前置詞の (D) となる。in case of 〜は「〜に備えて、〜の用心のために」ということで、この意の場合は文の後半に位置するのが通例。もう1つ「〜の場合は、〜が起こったら」の意もあるが、その場合は文頭がふつう。 【選択肢】(A) はifの意の群接続詞または「万一に備えて」の意の副詞句。(B) は副詞句としての (A) にjustがついたもの。(C) は「とにかく、いずれにせよ」の意の副詞句。 3. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 We regret that _______ the typhoon we were not able to finish the project on time. (A) due for (B) owing from (C) because of (D) because 訳:台風のためにプロジェクトが予定どおり終了できなかったのが残念である。 ※正解(C)。【着眼点】「台風のために」の意を伝える正しい群前置詞を選ぶ問題。 【選択肢】dueとowingはいずれもtoと結びついて「〜のために」の意になる。(D) のbecauseは接続詞。 4. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 I'm getting a little worried about Bill because I haven't heard from him _______. (A) lately (B) on late (C) nowadays (D) in these days 訳:このところビルから連絡がないので少し心配になってきてるところだ。 ※正解(A)。【着眼点】「このところ彼から連絡がない」という文脈。latelyは「最近」の意で通例完了形とともに用いる。 【選択肢】(B) はof late(=lately)なら可。(C) は「今日[当節]の」の意の形容詞。「今日[近頃]では」はthese daysとは言うがinはつけない( → cf. in those days)。 5. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 The new phone system will allow us to contact our branches _______. (A) directional (B) directive (C) director (D) directly 訳:その新しい電話システムは支店と直に連絡をとることを可能にしてくれるだろう。 ※正解(D)。【着眼点】動詞のcontact(〜に連絡する)を修飾する副詞を選ぶ問題。接尾辞から容易に判断できる。 【選択肢】(A), (B) は形容詞語尾をもっている。(C) は副詞のdirectを比較級にしたつもりかもしれないが、副詞の場合この形はない(※最上級のdirectestは時に使われることもある)。なお、形容詞の場合はmore型と -er型両方の比較変化がある。 6. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 I don't think they're working _______ to finish on schedule. (A) enough fast (B) fast enough (C) quite enough fast (D) very fast enough 訳:あの人たちの仕事のはかどり具合では予定どおり終了しそうにない。 ※正解(B)。【着眼点】副詞 (fast) を修飾するenoughの位置に関する問題。enoughはfastの後にこなければならない。 【選択肢】(A) と (C) は語順が不可。(D) は語順の点では問題ないが、fastの前にさらにveryがついている点がよくない( → ×very fast [carefully, etc.] enoughのような言い方はしない)。なお、enough自体をextremely, so [too] much, very (much) などの程度副詞で修飾するのも不可なので注意(×extremely [so (much), too (much), very (much) ] enough)。quiteについてはquite fast enoughのように言うことはできる。 【文構造】enoughはよくto不定詞を従えて「to以下ができるくらい十分」の意で用いられる。 7. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 All new employees are required to attend _______ training course. (A) three-months (B) three-month's (C) a three-month (D) a three-months 訳:新入社員は皆3か月間の職員研修に参加しなければならない。 ※正解(C)。【着眼点】「数詞 (three) +ハイフン+名詞 (month) 」が後続の名詞を修飾する構造。この場合ハイフンの後の名詞は単数形。 【選択肢】ハイフンの後でmonthsと複数形になっている (A), (D) は不可。(B) のような言い方はしない( → ただし、a four years' courseのような言い方はある)。なお、「講習、研修」の意のcourseは可算なのでaは必要。 (2) TOEFL 1. 空所補充問題 Laozi is a legendary figure who ----- one of the basic books of the Chinese philosophy known as Taoism, or Daoism. (A) said is to have written (B) is said to have written (C) is said having to write (D) had said to have been written ※正解(B)。【解説】 「……だと言われている」の意味を表すにはis said to... を使う。この後に完了形have writtenが続くと「……を書いたと言われている」という意味になる。 2. 空所補充問題 Educational psychologists use the knowledge and methods of ----- to study the processes of learning and teaching. (A) psychological (B) psychologically (C) psychology (D) psychologist ※正解(C)。【解説】 空所の後に不定詞toが来ているので、形容詞psychological、副詞psychologicallyが使えないのはすぐに分かる。psychologistを使うならその前に冠詞が必要である。正解は(C)。 3. 空所補充問題 Since the directional orientation of the body has no effect on comfort in a weightless environment, sleeping bags in the International Space Station are vertical to the floor, and ----- to a wall. (A) to be attached (B) attaching (C) attached (D) to attach ※正解(C)。【解説】 andの前にareを補って考え、過去分詞attachedを空所に入れれば「壁に取り付けられている」の意味になる。 4. 空所補充問題 ----- plant material can be used as a soil conditioner known as compost, which helps increase soil fertility. (A) Partial decayed (B) Partially decayed (C) Decayed partially (D) Decayed partial ※正解(B)。【解説】 過去分詞decayed「腐った、腐敗した」を修飾するには副詞partially「部分的に」を用いる。Partially decayedの語順にすれば「部分的に腐った」という意味になる。compost「堆肥」。 5. 空所補充問題 The typical university ----- bachelor's, master's, specialist, and doctoral degrees. (A) to grant (B) granting (C) it grants (D) grants ※正解(D)。【解説】 空所の後にはこの文の動詞に該当する語(句)が見あたらない。したがって、ここには動詞grants「認める、授与する」が入ることになる。 6. 正誤問題 The stomach, small intestine (A)and large intestine (B)are (C)they included (D)in the human digestive tract. ※正解(C)。【解説】 they → カットする。接続詞and、areに問題はない。theyはこの文では必要ない。theyの代わりにall、eachを使ってもいい。be included in... で「……に含まれる」の意味。 7. 正誤問題 A coral reef usually (A)forms in an elongated shape roughly (B)parallel to a shoreline, and is separated (C)from the shore by (D)their lagoon or other body of water. ※正解(D)。【解説】 their → a。forms「形をなす」、parallel to... 「……に平行して」、前置詞fromの用法に問題はない。theirは何を指すのか分からない。ここは冠詞aを用いる。 8. 正誤問題 In 1961, a computer succeeded (A)to the first time ever (B)in generating specifications for the number of components and (C)most efficient wiring plan for (D)another computer. ※正解(A)。【解説】 to → for。前置詞toの後にthe first timeが来ている点に注目。「初めて、最初に」という意味を表すにはtoではなくforを使う。 9. 正誤問題 The process of (A)progressive medical care may begin (B)with intensive care, (C)followed by intermediate care, long-term care, (D)but self care or home-care. ※正解(D)。【解説】 but → and。progressive「段階的な、連続する」、前置詞with、過去分詞followedの用法に問題はない。意味からしてbutはandにしなければならない。 10. 正誤問題 (A)An imperfect rhyme (B)in which two words are (C)spelling similarly but pronounced differently is known in poetry (D)as an eye rhyme. ※正解(C)。【解説】 spelling → spelled。rhymeは可算名詞。前置詞+関係代名詞in whichの用法に問題はない。but以下を見れば、spellingが過去分詞spelledになることが分かる。as「……として」。 II. 時事英文 Royal Wedding Draws a Worldwide Crowd (その4;全7回シリーズ) Charles, Prince of Wales, and Princess Diana kiss at their wedding in 1981 Nearly two thousand guests filled the church on Friday. Westminster Abbey was where the funeral for William's mother took place after Diana died in a car crash in nineteen ninety-seven. Hundreds of thousands of people filled the streets and parks of London to watch the wedding on video screens. III - a. 雑知識
寝だめをする このところ、ほとんど毎日残業が続いて、睡眠不足になっています。だから、週末には寝だめをするつもりです。 I've been working overtime almost every day these days. I haven't got enough sleep. I would like to catch up on my sleep over the weekend. タヌキ寝入りをする 先日、電車内の優先席で、お年寄りが前に立っているのに平気でタヌキ寝入りをしている若者を目にしました。 I saw a young man pretending to be asleep in the priority seat on the train. 寝たきり 私の85歳になる祖父は、脳卒中が原因で3年間寝たきり状態になっています。 My 85-year-old grandfather has been bedridden for the last three years due to a stroke. 寝そべる 今日は天気のいい日曜日。裏庭の折りたたみいすに寝そべって、日光浴をするには最適です。 It's a sunny Sunday today - a perfect time to stretch out on a lawn chair in the backyard and get some sun. III -c. News Glossary re-election bid 再選への立候補 "U.S. President Barack Obama is ready to tell the country he wants to keep his job. He is expected to send an e-mail message to suppoters in the next few days and file official papers, announcing his re-election bid." オバマ米大統領は、今の仕事を続けたいことを国民に伝えようとしています。数日のうちには支持者に電子メールを送り、正式な届け出を行って再選への立候補を表明するつもりです。 IV. Jokes a. When I phoned my employee to find out why she hadn't come to the office, I expected to hear a sob story about how sick she was. Instead, her excuse was pretty plausible. "When I was driving to work, I took a wrong turn," she explained. "And then I just decided to keep going." b. "The mortality rate for this operation is one percent," my medical school professor said as he reviewed a procedure. "Put another way, mortality is one percent if it happens to someone else. If it happens to you, it's 100 percent." c. How not to become a member of senior management: During a meeting, our nbosses held a contest to name a new project. A smembers of the management read through the entries, our CEO picked one out and asked, "Who knows what a phoenix is?" A junior manager answered, "It's a bird in Harry Potter." d. A case manager at our mental-health facility sought a reference for a job. "I'll vouch for him," offered another patient, "We were roommates in prison." e. A student tore into our school office. "My iPod was stolen!" she cried. I handed her a form, and she filled it out, answering everything, even those questions meant for the principal. Under "Disposition," she wrote, "I'm really ticked off." f. This report landed on my desk in the auto claims division of our insurance company: "Driver encountered a large deer that jumped out of the woods to challenge his vehicle. The deer attacked his vehicle without having any insurance." |