資料No. : NS110608
I-1 TOEIC, TOEFL練習問題 (1) TOEIC 1. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Please be sure to include _______ on the application form. (A) all information (B) all the informations (C) your all information (D) the all pieces of information 2. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Not only Vince but also Tim _______ to part of Max's fortune. (A) are heirs (B) is the heir (C) is an heir (D) is a heir 3. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 _______ first reached us in early September regarding this problem. (A) Word (B) A word (C) A news (D) Informations 4. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 I've heard that Sid _______ to Yale. (A) is scholarship (B) got scholarship (C) won a scholarship (D) winned a scholarship 5. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Some of the details need _______ before we submit the report for approval. (A) clarify (B) clarifying (C) be clarified (D) being clarified 6. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Nancy _______ to look after her neighbor's children for the evening. (A) required (B) ordered (C) was asked (D) was wished 7. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 After you do your homework, be sure to _______ up your room. (A) have cleaned (B) cleaning (C) be cleaned (D) clean (2) TOEFL 1. 空所補充問題 Joe Louis officially retired ----- world heavyweight boxing champion in March 1949, becoming a promoter. (A) to be (B) from (C) as (D) of 2. 空所補充問題 The yard is a customary unit of measurement used in the United States which is ----- just over nine-tenths of a meter. (A) the equivalent (B) the equal of (C) equivalent (D) equal to 3. 空所補充問題 In a volcanic eruption, carbon dioxide that has dissolved into fluid magma ----- high pressure returns to its gas state. (A) under (B) onto (C) in (D) with 4. 空所補充問題 The freedoms that our nation's constitution guarantees ----- are accompanied by responsibilities. (A) a citizens (B) its citizens (C) our citizen (D) their citizens 5. 空所補充問題 Computers have ----- been used to direct the operations involved in a wide range of manufacturing processes. (A) much (B) soon (C) long (D) ever 6. 正誤問題 Holography, (A)the storage of a (B)three-dimensional image (C)on a flat surface, was (D)inventing in 1947. 7. 正誤問題 (A)Most of the grammarians of the 7th century India were (B)primarily philosophers (C)when pursued (D)linguistics in search of philosophical insight. 8. 正誤問題 Symphony orchestras (A)generally contain (B)section of (C)wind, string and percussion (D)instruments. 9. 正誤問題 (A)Technical speaking, the term yacht refers (B)to sailboats and motorboats (C)used for recreation, but not to watercraft powered (D)by paddles. 10. 正誤問題 In a walk, a horse moves (A)moderately slowly in a four-beat gait (B)in which each foot (C)strike the ground separately and the horse is supported at all times by (D)either two or three feet. I-2 TOEIC, TOEFL 練習問題解答 (1) TOEIC 1. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Please be sure to include _______ on the application form. (A) all information (B) all the informations (C) your all information (D) the all pieces of information 訳:申し込み用紙にはすべてにわたって記入漏れのなきようにお書きください。 ※正解(A)。【着眼点】all, some, noなどは可算名詞の他に不可算名詞とも結びつく(with all speed(全速力で))。informationが不可算名詞であることは完全に頭に入れておくべき。 【選択肢】allは他の限定詞に先行する場合はよい(all the[your] 〜 )が後続する形は不可 (×the [your] all 〜 )なので (C), (D) は消える。(B) は不可算のinformationが複数形になっている点で不可。 2. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Not only Vince but also Tim _______ to part of Max's fortune. (A) are heirs (B) is the heir (C) is an heir (D) is a heir 訳:ヴィンスだけでなくティムもマックスの財産の一部を相続する1人である。 ※正解(C)。【着眼点】定冠詞が「唯一性」の意味を含むのに対し、不定冠詞は「複数個の中の任意の1つ」を表すという性質をもつ(X is the heir to Y.(XはYの(唯一の)相続人だ);X is an heir to Y.(相続人(の1人)だ))。空所部分の主語はTimのほうだが相続人 (heir) は彼以外にVinceもいるわけであり、候補にあがるのは不定冠詞のついたheirとなる。その上で大事なのは、heirが母音で始まる語だという点( → 語頭のhは黙字で発音されない)。なお、(A) は主語 (=Tim) との呼応に問題がある。 3. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 _______ first reached us in early September regarding this problem. (A) Word (B) A word (C) A news (D) Informations 訳:この問題についての知らせは9月の初旬になって初めて私どものもとに届きました。 ※正解(A)。【着眼点】newsやinformationは不可算名詞で不定冠詞のついた (C) や複数形の (D) が誤りなのは明らかだが、問題は (A), (B) におけるwordの用法。wordは「単語」などの意では可算名詞であるのに対し、「知らせ、便り」を意味するときは不可算名詞として用いられる。問題文の文脈では後者の意なのでa wordは不可。同じ語が可算・不可算の両用法をもつ場合は文脈の見極めが大事。 4. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 I've heard that Sid _______ to Yale. (A) is scholarship (B) got scholarship (C) won a scholarship (D) winned a scholarship 訳:シドはエール大学に入る奨学金を得たそうだ。 ※正解(C)。【着眼点】「奨学金」の意のscholarshipは可算名詞なのでaのついた (C) と (D) が候補だが、win(=不規則活用動詞)の過去形はwonだから (C) のほうが正解。 【選択肢】(A) についてはis on a scholarship(奨学金をもらっている)という言い方はある。(B) はaをつければ通る。 5. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Some of the details need _______ before we submit the report for approval. (A) clarify (B) clarifying (C) be clarified (D) being clarified 訳:報告書を提出して承認を求める前に、何点か細かいところを明確にしておく必要がある。 ※正解(B)。【着眼点】clarify 〜 は「〜を明確にする[理解しやすくする]」の意でsome of the details(主部)はclarifyされる側だが、述部がneedで始まっている点に注意。needが動名詞を目的語にとると、その動名詞は能動形で受動の意味を表すことになる (need clarifying = need to be clarified)。 【選択肢】needは疑問文や否定文、またはそれに準じる文では助動詞としても用いられるが、問題文の主節は肯定文の形をとっている。したがって (A)、(C) はいずれにせよ不可。 6. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Nancy _______ to look after her neighbor's children for the evening. (A) required (B) ordered (C) was asked (D) was wished 訳:夕方、近所の子の世話をしてほしいとナンシーは頼まれた。 ※正解(C)。【着眼点】requireやorderにはto不定詞を目的語にとる構文自体が存在しない cf. I require you to do this job.;You are required to do this job. や He ordered us to follow him.;We were ordered to follow him. は可)。wishには「wish+O+to不定詞」の構文はあるが、これに対応する受動文はない。 7. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 After you do your homework, be sure to _______ up your room. (A) have cleaned (B) cleaning (C) be cleaned (D) clean 訳:宿題をやったら、必ず部屋を片付けなさい。 ※正解(D)。to 不定詞ですから、動詞は原形でなければなりません。(A)も形のうえでは原形になっていますが、意味上不可。(C)も原形ですが受け身の形になってしまっているので不可です。 (2) TOEFL 1. 空所補充問題 Joe Louis officially retired ----- world heavyweight boxing champion in March 1949, becoming a promoter. (A) to be (B) from (C) as (D) of ※正解(C)。【解説】 retire「引退する」の後にworld heavyweight boxing championが来ているので、前置詞as「……として」を空所に入れれば意味が通る。 2. 空所補充問題 The yard is a customary unit of measurement used in the United States which is ----- just over nine-tenths of a meter. (A) the equivalent (B) the equal of (C) equivalent (D) equal to ※正解(D)。【解説】 空所には「 ... に等しい、相当する」という意味の語句が入るはずである。(D) be equal to ... が正解。 3. 空所補充問題 In a volcanic eruption, carbon dioxide that has dissolved into fluid magma ----- high pressure returns to its gas state. (A) under (B) onto (C) in (D) with ※正解(A)。【解説】 空所の後にhigh pressure「高圧」の前に来る前置詞は? underには「……のもとで、……を受けて」の意味がある。volcanic eruption「火山噴火」。 4. 空所補充問題 The freedoms that our nation's constitution guarantees ----- are accompanied by responsibilities. (A) a citizens (B) its citizens (C) our citizen (D) their citizens ※正解(B)。【解説】 citizensの前にはour nationを受ける代名詞が来るはずである。正解は(B)単数形のitsである。constitution「憲法」。 5. 空所補充問題 Computers have ----- been used to direct the operations involved in a wide range of manufacturing processes. (A) much (B) soon (C) long (D) ever ※正解(C)。【解説】 much、soon、everでは意味が成立しない。have long been used to ...で「……するために長い間使われてきた」という意味になる。 6. 正誤問題 Holography, (A)the storage of a (B)three-dimensional image (C)on a flat surface, was (D)inventing in 1947. ※正解(D)。【解説】 inventing → invented。invent「発明する」は他動詞である。was inventingと進行形にするならその後に目的語が必要である。ここはinvented(受け身)にしなければ文が成立しない。holography「ホログラフィー」。 7. 正誤問題 (A)Most of the grammarians of the 7th century India were (B)primarily philosophers (C)when pursued (D)linguistics in search of philosophical insight. ※正解(C)。【解説】 when → who / that。Most of ... 「ほとんどの……」、primarily「主に」に問題はない。whenの後に動詞pursuedが来ているので、ここは関係代名詞who、あるいは、thatを使う。linguistics「言語学」。 8. 正誤問題 Symphony orchestras (A)generally contain (B)section of (C)wind, string and percussion (D)instruments. ※正解(B)。【解説】 section → sections。generally「普通は」に問題はない。sectionは可算名詞である。ここでは複数形sectionsを用いる。wind instrumentsとは「管楽器」のことである。 9. 正誤問題 (A)Technical speaking, the term yacht refers (B)to sailboats and motorboats (C)used for recreation, but not to watercraft powered (D)by paddles. ※正解(A)。【解説】 Technical → Technically。文頭のTechnical speakingに注目。「専門的に言えば」の意味を表すにはTechnically speakingと副詞を用いる。 10. 正誤問題 In a walk, a horse moves (A)moderately slowly in a four-beat gait (B)in which each foot (C)strike the ground separately and the horse is supported at all times by (D)either two or three feet. ※正解(C)。【解説】 strike → strikes。each footは単数形であることに着目する。strikeには、当然、三人称単数のsが付く。 II. 時事英文 Royal Wedding Draws a Worldwide Crowd 29 April 2011 (その2;全7回シリーズ) KATE (AFTER ARCHBISHOP OF CANTERBURY): "I, Catherine Elizabeth, take thee, William Arthur Philip Louis, to my wedded husband, to have and to hold from this day forward ... " Kate wore a flowing white gown designed by Sarah Burton, the creative director of Alexander McQueen. William wore a red military uniform. Hats were a big fashion statement. Many of those invited wore them. Kate's sister, Philippa, was her maid of honor. William's brother, Harry, was his best man. III - a. 雑知識
おなかの回りのぜい肉 最近、運動不足で太り気味のタケシ君。おなかの回りのぜい肉を落とそうと、毎日仕事が終わった後にジムへ通っています。 Takeshi visits the gym every day after work to get rid of the fat around his waist. 筋肉をつける アクション映画でヒーロー役を演じることになった俳優が、腕の筋肉をつけるために毎日100回の腕立て伏せをしています。 The movie actor does 100 push-ups a day to build up his arm muscles. 野菜中心の食事 先日受けた健康診断の結果にびっくり。糖尿病の初期段階にあるといわれ、医者から野菜中心の食事に切り替えるように指示されました。 I was advised by a doctor to switch to a diet rich in vegetables. 歩数計を身につける 大好きなケーキを控えて、先月からダイエットを始めた妻は、歩数計を常に身につけ、1日1万歩以上、歩くように心がけています。 My wife, who has been on a diet since last month, wears a pedometer and makes sure she walks more than 10,000 steps a day. III -c. News Glossary relief supplies 救援物資 Relief supplies have only trickled into the long strip of northeast Japan demolished by a powerful earthquake and the wave it unleashed a week ago, leaving affected communities to fend for themselves. 1週間前、巨大地震とそれによって引き起こされた津波で壊滅的被害を受けた日本の北東部にある細長い海岸地域には、救援物資がほんのわずかしか届いていない。被災地では自活するより仕方ない状況だ。 IV. Jokes a. Something mysterious was happening in South Wales recently. Control: "South Wales Police, what's your emergency?" Caller: "It's not really. I just need to inform you that across the mountain there's a bright stationary object." Control: "Right." Caller: "If you've got a couple of minutes perhaps you could find out what it is? It's been at least half an hour and it's still there." Control: "It's been there for half an hour. Right. Is it actually on the mountain or in the sky?" Caller: "It's in the air." Control: "I will send someone up there now to check it out." Caller: "OK." Officers were duly dispatched to the scene and were radioed by the expectant controller. Control: "Alpha Zulu 20. This object in the sky, did anyone have a look at it?" Officer: "Yes, it's the moon. Over." b. I called home from work one day. Nobody answered, so the answering machine picked up. At home, my seven-year-old, Sarah, ran into the washroom and told my showering wife, "Mummy, Daddy just called, and he said, 'Please leave a message.'" c. It was my four-year-old's first time at a funeral and I wanted to make sure he behaved at the cemetery. "What is the most important rule to remember?" I asked. He thought a while, then answered: "Don't dig up the bodies?" d. My bargain-happy brother took his eight-year-old son to the pizzeria to pick up their order. Corey wanted to get the pizza himself, so my brother handed him a $20 bill and a two-dollar coupon and waited in the car. A few minutes later, Corey appeared with the pizza, change, and the coupon. "Wouldn't they take the coupon?" my brother asked. "Oh, sure, but we didn't need it," said Corey. "We had enough money." |