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資料No. ： NS110525
I-1 TOEIC, TOEFL練習問題 (1) TOEIC １. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 _______ he desired to lead a peaceful and tranquil life, he could certainly have done so. (A) If (B) Were (C) Has (D) Had 2. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 We lost the game, but we _______ won if one of our players hadn't been hurt. (A) might well have (B) might have been (C) might well (D) may have 3. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 We intend to submit _______ that special legislation be passed allocating disaster relief funds to the people in the disaster area. (A) an advise (B) an upshot (C) a request (D) a reason 4. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 He _______ the boxing match, but I don't know because I wasn't there. (A) may well win (B) may not have win (C) may well have won (D) may not well have won 5. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 We _______ afford to take our eyes off the road for an instant while driving at more than 100 miles per hour. (A) can't (B) needn't (C) mustn't (D) shouldn't 6. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 I suspect he has intentionally included figures that _______ in the expense budget. (A) have not should be (B) should have not been (C) should not have been (D) ought to not have been 7. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Once the train _______ the city, we won't be able to use the telephone. (A) will leave (B) leaves from (C) leaves (D) left from (2) TOEFL 1. 空所補充問題 The kukui tree of Hawaii derives its nickname, candlenut, ----- its fruit contains an oil that can be burned to generate light. (A) from the fact that (B) that from the fact (C) from that fact (D) the fact that from 2. 空所補充問題 Not until Richard Wagner completed his Ring cycle of operas -----. (A) a composer had created musical drama on such a grand scale (B) had a composer created musical drama on such a grand scale (C) had created a composer musical drama on such a grand scale (D) a composer created musical drama on such a grand scale 3. 空所補充問題 In cases ----- the regular prosecutor may have a conflict of interest, an official known as independent council can be appointed to carry out the investigation or prosecution. (A) which (B) where (C) that (D) there 4. 空所補充問題 The economies of several of the most advanced industrial nations are ----- longer based primarily on heavy manufacturing. (A) not (B) nor (C) none (D) no 5. 空所補充問題 There are five regular polyhedrons, ----- solid figures with four or more identical surfaces called faces. (A) that are (B) those are (C) they are (D) which are 6. 正誤問題 The quality and (A)expressiveness of Winston Churchill's paintings inspired some critics (B)to regret that (C)their painting had to be interrupted by his career (D)as a statesman. 7. 正誤問題 Some wild pigs may travel (A)hundred of kilometers (B)through (C)forested mountain terrain in (D)search of suitable sources of food and water. 8. 正誤問題 New Delhi, (A)a national capital of India, is made (B)up of part of the city (C)and union (D)territory of Delhi. 9. 正誤問題 Relatively (A)small is known about the hearing of large mammals (B)simply because laboratory experiments (C)on animal sound reception are (D)easier to conduct with small animals. 10. 正誤問題 Astronomers are (A)intensely interested in globular clusters, large (B)groups of old stars that are (C)closely packed in a symmetrical, somewhat (D)spherically form. I-2 TOEIC, TOEFL 練習問題解答 (1) TOEIC １. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 _______ he desired to lead a peaceful and tranquil life, he could certainly have done so. (A) If (B) Were (C) Has (D) Had 訳：彼が安穏に生きていこうと思えばきっとそれも可能だったろう。 ※正解(D)。【着眼点】「望んでいたらできただろう (could have done)」という過去に言及する文脈なので仮定法過去完了の形（＝had ＋過去分詞）を採用。 [＊Had he（＝If he had）desired ... は if の省略に伴う倒置] 2. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 We lost the game, but we _______ won if one of our players hadn't been hurt. (A) might well have (B) might have been (C) might well (D) may have 訳：結果は負け試合だったが、負傷者がなければうちが勝っていただろう。 ※正解(A)。【着眼点】「試合に負けた」という過去の事実の後、but... と続き最後に「選手の1人が負傷していなかったら」という仮定法過去完了がきている。この流れから but 以下の主節には「勝っていただろうに」(might have won) がくるとわかる。 【選択肢】「人に勝つ」は「beat＋人」とは言うが「win＋人」とは言わないから、 (B)のように「人（＝we）」を主語に立てた受け身の形も当然不可（→ 仮に言えたとしても文脈上不可）。(D)は、現実に起こらなかったことを取り上げて「…だったろうに」と言う場合には用いない。 【注意】well は法助動詞の意味を強める副詞。 3. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 We intend to submit _______ that special legislation be passed allocating disaster relief funds to the people in the disaster area. (A) an advise (B) an upshot (C) a request (D) a reason 訳：我々は被災地の人々への災害救援基金を設定する特別立法可決要求を提出するつもりである。 ※正解(Ｃ)。【文構造】submit ___ that ... は「that 以下という旨の___ を提出する」の意で、___ にくる名詞と that 以下は同格の関係。allocating は legislation（立法）にかかる現在分詞の形容詞用法。 【着眼点】that 節内の V (be passed)が原形（＝仮定法現在）である点に注目。 【選択肢】(A)は advise が動詞だから問題外。(B)の upshot（結果[論]）は同格の that 節を従える用法それ自体を欠く。（cf. The upshot is that ... の構文は可）(D)の reason は仮定法現在をとる用法はない。 4. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 He _______ the boxing match, but I don't know because I wasn't there. (A) may well win (B) may not have win (C) may well have won (D) may not well have won 訳：たぶん彼はボクシングの試合に勝ったと思うのですが、私は試合を見に行っていないのでわかりません。 ※正解(Ｃ)。【着眼点】can [could] やmay [might] の直後に置かれた副詞のwellは本動詞よりも法助動詞と強く結びつき、法助動詞の意味を強める働きをする（ → 例えばmay well 〜（たぶん〜だろう）はmay単独よりも確信度が高くなる）。 【選択肢】終了した試合の結果を推測する文脈なので (A) は不自然。(B) は ... have winという形を見ただけで候補外。(D) のようにmay well 〜を否定文で用いるのも通例不可。 【注意】may well 〜には他に｢〜するのももっともだ｣の意もある。また控え目な言い方ではmayがmightとなる。慣用句ではこの他にmay [might] (just) as well 〜（＝（是非というわけではないが）〜してもよい）に注意。 5. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 We _______ afford to take our eyes off the road for an instant while driving at more than 100 miles per hour. (A) can't (B) needn't (C) mustn't (D) shouldn't 訳：時速100マイルを超すスピ−ドで車を走らせているときには一瞬たりともよそ見などできない [よそ見などしたら大変だ] 。 ※正解(A)。【文構造】while driving ...はwhile we are driving ...の意。 【着眼点】afford to 〜は｢〜しても大丈夫である｣の意だが、この用法のaffordと結びつくのはcan, could, be able toなどである。したがって正解は (A)。can't afford to 〜は｢〜する余裕などない [〜したら大変なことになる] ｣の意。 6. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 I suspect he has intentionally included figures that _______ in the expense budget. (A) have not should be (B) should have not been (C) should not have been (D) ought to not have been 訳：経費予算に含めるべきではない数字が入っているのは彼の意図的なしわざではないかと思う。 ※正解(Ｃ)。【選択肢】法助動詞 (should) は第1助動詞 (have) に先行し、その逆は成立しないので (A) は不可。否定文ではnotは法助動詞の後に配置されるので (B) は不可。ought toを否定文で用いる場合notはtoの前にくるので (D) は不可。したがって残る (C) が正解となる。figures that should not have been in 〜は｢〜にあるべきではなかった（のに実際は入っていた）数字｣を指す。 7. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Once the train _______ the city, we won't be able to use the telephone. (A) will leave (B) leaves from (C) leaves (D) left from 訳：電車が市外に出てしまうと、その時点で電話は使えなくなるだろう。 ※正解(Ｃ)。【着眼点】接続詞用法のonceは｢いったん [一度] …すると｣｢…するやいなや｣の意で、if, when, after, as soon asなどと同様条件や時の副詞節を導く。したがって主節が未来時制（won't be）でも選ぶのはleaves（現在時制）。 【選択肢】leaveは｢（今いる所を）発って〜へ向かう｣の意でleave for 〜（〜＝目的地）の形をとることはあるが、leave from 〜（〜＝離れる場所）は不可。 (2) TOEFL 1. 空所補充問題 The kukui tree of Hawaii derives its nickname, candlenut, ----- its fruit contains an oil that can be burned to generate light. (A) from the fact that (B) that from the fact (C) from that fact (D) the fact that from ※正解(A)。【解説】 derive 〜 from... で「〜は……に由来する」の意味になる。正解は(A)か(C)かだが、from that factでは次の文と繋がらない。 2. 空所補充問題 Not until Richard Wagner completed his Ring cycle of operas -----. (A) a composer had created musical drama on such a grand scale (B) had a composer created musical drama on such a grand scale (C) had created a composer musical drama on such a grand scale (D) a composer created musical drama on such a grand scale ※正解(B)。【解説】 否定語句Not untilが文頭に来ていることに注目。当然、この文では倒置が行われることになる。正解は(B)。本来の語順はa composer had created... だが、had a composer created... と倒置されている。 3. 空所補充問題 In cases ----- the regular prosecutor may have a conflict of interest, an official known as independent council can be appointed to carry out the investigation or prosecution. (A) which (B) where (C) that (D) there ※正解(B)。【解説】 casesは場合、状況を表しているので、whichやthatでは文が繋がらない。thereは問題外である。正解はin whichの働きをしている関係副詞のwhereである。conflict「衝突、対立」。 4. 空所補充問題 The economies of several of the most advanced industrial nations are ----- longer based primarily on heavy manufacturing. (A) not (B) nor (C) none (D) no ※正解(D)。【解説】 空所の後にlongerがあるので、すぐに答えが分かったのではないか。no longer... で「もはや……でない」の意味になる。 5. 空所補充問題 There are five regular polyhedrons, ----- solid figures with four or more identical surfaces called faces. (A) that are (B) those are (C) they are (D) which are ※正解(D)。【解説】 those are、they areを空所に入れるとBe動詞が重複してしまう。関係代名詞thatの前にカンマを使うことはできないので、(D) which areが正解。polyhedron「多面体」。 6. 正誤問題 The quality and (A)expressiveness of Winston Churchill's paintings inspired some critics (B)to regret that (C)their painting had to be interrupted by his career (D)as a statesman. ※正解(Ｃ)。【解説】 their → his。expressivenessは「表現力豊かなこと」という意味の名詞。inspire+人+to〜に問題はない。theirはWinston Churchillのことを指しているのでhisにしなくてはいけない。as「……として」は前置詞。 7. 正誤問題 Some wild pigs may travel (A)hundred of kilometers (B)through (C)forested mountain terrain in (D)search of suitable sources of food and water. ※正解(A)。【解説】 hundred → hundreds。「何百の、多くの」という意味を表すにはhundredsと複数形にする。前置詞 through、forested「森林におおわれた」、in search of... 「……を求めて」の用法に問題はない。 8. 正誤問題 New Delhi, (A)a national capital of India, is made (B)up of part of the city (C)and union (D)territory of Delhi. ※正解(A)。【解説】 a → the。New Delhiはインドの首都であるので、national capitalの前の冠詞はaではなくtheになる。 9. 正誤問題 Relatively (A)small is known about the hearing of large mammals (B)simply because laboratory experiments (C)on animal sound reception are (D)easier to conduct with small animals. ※正解(A)。【解説】 small → little。「……についてはほとんど知られていない」という意味を表すにはsmallをlittleにしなくてはいけない。simply because... 「単に……という理由である」、前置詞on、比較級easierの用法に問題はない。 10. 正誤問題 Astronomers are (A)intensely interested in globular clusters, large (B)groups of old stars that are (C)closely packed in a symmetrical, somewhat (D)spherically form. ※正解(D)。【解説】 spherically → spherical。interestedを修飾する副詞intensely、複数形groups、packedを修飾する副詞closelyの用法に問題はない。名詞formの前では副詞sphericallyは形容詞sphericalにする。globular「球状の」。 II.時事英文 Green Cities (その13：全13回シリーズ) However, economic troubles have slowed the project. The city was expected to be completed by twenty sixteen. But officials now say the city will be completed in stages. And, the city will not at first be completely carbon-neutral. One important part of the city is Masdar Institute. This research university is being developed in partnership with the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in Cambridge, Massachusetts. The goal of the university is to make the United Arab Emirates a leader in renewable energy technologies. Experts say developments like this may lead to a greener future for all cities in the world. III - a. 雑知識
脱サラする quit the company ※My husband quit the company and opened a sushi restaurant. 帽子を脱ぐ take off one's cap ※As I passed by those high-school baseball players, they took off their caps and bowed to me. 脱線する run off the rail ※The express train ran off the rails because of a rock on the tracks. 脱落する drop out ※Taro took part in the marathon, but he began to drop out of the lead group after 10 kilometers due to leg cramps. III -c. News Glossary seismic intensity scale 震度 The meteorological agency said the quake had intensity of 7 on the Japanese scale of 7 in Kurihara, Miyagi Prefecture, and upper 6 in in parts of Miyagi, Fukushima, Ibaraki and Tochigi prefectures. この地震によって宮城県栗原町で震度7、宮城、福島、茨城、栃木の各地で震度6強を観測したと気象庁が発表した。 IV. Jokes a. My wife fell in love with an antique bowl at an auction, and her sister offered to help her get it. When bidding began, we were all seated in different parts of the room, with me waiting for them in the last row. As the price of the bowl began to skyrocket, I quickly saw the problem: My wife and sister-in-law were bidding against each other. I quickly motioned to them to stop, but it was too late. The auctioneer's hammer came down. "Sold," he said, "to the gentleman in the back." b. Joe, Jerry and Louis are caught robbing a bank. The judge sentences them to ten years in prison but allows them anything they want before being locked away. Joe: "I'll take a ten-year supply of books." Jerry: "Give me a ten-year supply of whiskey." Louis: "I want a ten-year supply of cigarettes." Ten years later, the men are released. Joe appears from his cell spewing facts and quotes. Next is Jerry, who staggers out drunk. Last is Lois. He pokes his head out asks, "Anybody got a light?" c. If all the nations in the world are in debt, where did the money go? d. I asked my dad why he's stayed with his new wife for so long, and he said, "'Cause she's a good cook." He's had three heart attacks since they met. She's not a "good cook." She's an "OK assassin." e. "Read all about it!" yelled the newsboy, hawking his papers on the corner. "Fifty people swindled! Fifty people swindled!" Curious, a businessman bought a paper. "Hey," he said, "there's nothing in here about 50 people being swindled." "Read all about it!" yelled the newsboy again. "Fifty-one people swindled!" |