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資料No. ： NS110420
I-1 TOEIC, TOEFL練習問題
(1) TOEIC １. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Since I didn't speak Russian, I could barely make myself _______. (A) communicative (B) understanding (C) communication (D) understood 2. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 We recommend that _______ a higher grade of steel. (A) you use (B) you are using (C) you to use (D) you used 3. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 You _______ to try that new Thai restaurant across from the bank. (A) should (B) always (C) ought (D) could 4. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Reducing manufacturing expenses is our number one _______. (A) priority (B) prediction (C) probability (D) promotion 5. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 We take great pride _______ the opening of our Singapore office. (A) to expand (B) to announce (C) in concluding (D) in announcing 6. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 The new president _______ increase R&D spending. (A) provides for (B) intends to (C) rejects the (D) supports an 7. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 _______ you have made the copies, please take them down to accounting. (A) While (B) After (C) During (D) Before (2) TOEFL 1. 空所補充問題 Mushrooms and other fungi lack chlorophyll ----- incapable of photosynthesis. (A) and are therefore (B) therefore and are (C) are and therefore (D) are therefore and 2. 空所補充問題 Honus Wagner, who died in 1955, is considered by many ----- the greatest shortstop ever to play the game of baseball. (A) having been (B) he was (C) to have been (D) has been 3. 空所補充問題 Thanksgiving is an annual North American holiday held on ----- in November to commemorate a harvest festival celebrated by the Pilgrims in 1621. (A) the fourth Thursday (B) the Thursday fourth (C) fourth the Thursday (D) Thursday the fourth 4. 空所補充問題 Of all the birds that hunt for prey in the ocean, -----. (A) that the penguin is the best swimmer (B) the best swimmer is that the penguin (C) the penguin that the best swimmer (D) the best swimmer is the penguin 5. 空所補充問題 Cockroaches, ----- minute changes in air pressure, tend to run away from a sudden waves of air. (A) can sense (B) which can sense (C) they can sense (D) to sense 6. 正誤問題 The Eland, the (A)largest antelope in Africa, (B)growing to (C)a height of about six (D)feet. 7. 正誤問題 The plays of Tennessee Williams are (A)best known for (B)their powerful portrayal of (C)psychological damaged characters (D)from the South. 8. 正誤問題 Mosquitoes inject (A)an anticoagulant (B)into the flesh of their victims, (C)which enables them (D)extract the blood in a less viscous state. 9. 正誤問題 Macon is (A)one (B)of among the largest (C)cities in the U.S. state (D)of Georgia. 10. 正誤問題 A submarine is designed (A)to function primarily under water, (B)raising to the surface infrequently, (C)while a submersible has a (D)primary role as a surface craft. I-2 TOEIC, TOEFL 練習問題解答 (1) TOEIC １. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Since I didn't speak Russian, I could barely make myself _______. (A) communicative (B) understanding (C) communication (D) understood 訳：私はロシア語を話さないので、あまり自分の意思を伝えられませんでした。 ※正解(D)。make はここでは「…にする」の意味。myself は understanding「理解している」の側ではなく、understood「理解されている」の側のはずです。 2. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 We recommend that _______ a higher grade of steel. (A) you use (B) you are using (C) you to use (D) you used 訳：もっと質の高い鋼鉄を使用することをお勧めします。 ※正解(A)。recommend「勧める、薦める」のように人に何かを勧める意味の動詞や、他人に何かを要求する意味の動詞が目的語に that 節をとる場合、that 以下が主語＋動詞の原形をとります。このような動詞の代表的なものには demand, urge, request などがあります。 3. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 You _______ to try that new Thai restaurant across from the bank. (A) should (B) always (C) ought (D) could 訳：銀行の向かい側の新しいタイ料理レストランに行ってみるべきです。 ※正解(Ｃ)。文中、空所の後ろの to が最大のポイントです。should や could といった助動詞は後ろが動詞の原形のはずです。 副詞 always の場合も to は不要です。ought to ... でひとつの助動詞扱いで、「…すべきである」の意味 4. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Reducing manufacturing expenses is our number one _______. (A) priority (B) prediction (C) probability (D) promotion 訳：製造コストの削減が我々の第一の優先課題です。 ※正解(A)。ボキャブラリーの問題。priority「優先、優先課題」。prediction「予測」。probability「可能性」。promotion「促進、昇格」。 5. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 We take great pride _______ the opening of our Singapore office. (A) to expand (B) to announce (C) in concluding (D) in announcing 訳：当社シンガポール支店の開店を発表することは大変な誇りです。 ※正解(D)。expand the opening of ...「開店を拡大する」では意味の上で不可。「発表する」の意味の announce が適切ですが、「誇りに思う」の take pride は通常 take pride in ... の形で用います。 6. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 The new president _______ increase R&D spending. (A) provides for (B) intends to (C) rejects the (D) supports an 訳：新しい社長は研究開発予算の増加を意図しています。 ※正解(B)。increase が「増加」の意味の名詞なのか、「増加させる」の意味の動詞なのかが問題。名詞であれば increase in R&D spending となるはず。前置詞 for や冠詞 the、an は名詞の前に置かれているはずです。 7. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 _______ you have made the copies, please take them down to accounting. (A) While (B) After (C) During (D) Before 訳：コピーを取り終わったら、会計に持っていってください。 ※正解(B)。While や During は「…の間」の意味ですから、意味上不適切です。After か Before かの選択では、時間の前後関係を考えてみれば、難しい問題ではないはずです。 (2) TOEFL 1. 空所補充問題 Mushrooms and other fungi lack chlorophyll ----- incapable of photosynthesis. (A) and are therefore (B) therefore and are (C) are and therefore (D) are therefore and ※正解(A)。【解説】 therefore「それゆえ」はand以下の文にかかることになるので(B)と(D)は不可。(C)はareがandの前に出ているのでこれも使えない。正解は(A) and are thereforeである。fungi「真菌類（fungusの複数形）」、photosynthesis「光合成」。 2. 空所補充問題 Honus Wagner, who died in 1955, is considered by many ----- the greatest shortstop ever to play the game of baseball. (A) having been (B) he was (C) to have been (D) has been ※正解(Ｃ)。【解説】 is considered by many to have been ... とすれば「多くの人たちから ... だったと考えられている」の意味になる。正解は(C)。 3. 空所補充問題 Thanksgiving is an annual North American holiday held on ----- in November to commemorate a harvest festival celebrated by the Pilgrims in 1621. (A) the fourth Thursday (B) the Thursday fourth (C) fourth the Thursday (D) Thursday the fourth ※正解(A)。【解説】 感謝祭（Thanksgiving）は11月第４木曜日である。「第４木曜日」の意味を表すのは(A) the fourth Thursdayである。commemorate「記念する、祝する」。 4. 空所補充問題 Of all the birds that hunt for prey in the ocean, -----. (A) that the penguin is the best swimmer (B) the best swimmer is that the penguin (C) the penguin that the best swimmer (D) the best swimmer is the penguin ※正解(D)。【解説】 空所にはこの文の主節が入るので、(A)と(C)は不可。また、(B)ではthat the penguinと中途半端な終わり方になっている。したがって、正解は(D)ということになる。prey「獲物」。 5. 空所補充問題 Cockroaches, ----- minute changes in air pressure, tend to run away from a sudden waves of air. (A) can sense (B) which can sense (C) they can sense (D) to sense ※正解(B)。【解説】 この文の動詞はtend ... であるので、(A) (C) (D)が使えないことはすぐに分かるだろう。正解は関係代名詞を使っている(B)である。cockroach「ゴキブリ」、minute「微小な」。 6. 正誤問題 The Eland, the (A)largest antelope in Africa, (B)growing to (C)a height of about six (D)feet. ※正解(B)。【解説】 growing → grows。最上級the largest、a height of ... 、複数形feetに問題はない。growingのままではこの文には動詞がないことになる。growingをgrowsにすればいい。antelope「アンテロープ」。 7. 正誤問題 The plays of Tennessee Williams are (A)best known for (B)their powerful portrayal of (C)psychological damaged characters (D)from the South. ※正解(Ｃ)。【解説】 psychological → psychologically。be best known for... 「……で最もよく知られている」、theirはplaysのことを指す。psychologicalはdamagedを修飾しているのでここでは副詞psychologicallyを用いる。from「……出身の」に問題はない。 8. 正誤問題 Mosquitoes inject (A)an anticoagulant (B)into the flesh of their victims, (C)which enables them (D)extract the blood in a less viscous state. ※正解(D)。【解説】 extract → to extract。この場合のanticoagulant「抗凝血剤」は可算名詞。inject ... into 〜「 ... を〜に注入する」。, which（関係代名詞の非制限用法）に問題はない。enables themの後にはto extractと不定詞toが必要である。extract「抜き取る」、viscous「粘りけのある」。 9. 正誤問題 Macon is (A)one (B)of among the largest (C)cities in the U.S. state (D)of Georgia. ※正解(B)。【解説】 of among → of。【解説】どう見てもone of amongはおかしい。このamongは不要である。 10. 正誤問題 A submarine is designed (A)to function primarily under water, (B)raising to the surface infrequently, (C)while a submersible has a (D)primary role as a surface craft. ※正解(B)。【解説】 raising → rising。be designedの後に続く不定詞to functionに問題はない。raise「上げる、上昇させる」という意味の他動詞である。ここは自動詞riseを使ってrisingとしなくてはいけない。接続詞while、形容詞primaryの使い方に誤りはない。 II. 時事英文 Green Cities (その8：全13回シリーズ) Many cities offer money for homeowners who put in place green technologies such as solar power systems. This helps support green efforts by reducing the cost to homeowners. Investors are also taking a big interest in the growing importance of clean technologies. The Cleantech Group researches the clean energy industry. It said that North American companies in two thousand ten raised over five billion dollars for investment in clean technologies. This is an increase of forty-five percent from two thousand nine. III - a. 雑知識
パンにバターを塗る spread butter on the bread ※The boy spread butter on his bread and put a slice of ham on it. 目玉焼きを作る cook an egg sunny side up ※My wife taught our daughter how to cook an egg sunny side up. ベーコンをカリカリに焼く fry bacon until it is crispy ※I asked the waiter to fry my bacon until it is crispy. コーンフレークに牛乳をかける pour milk over cornflakes ※As soon as my son poured milk over his cornflakes, he ate them in a flash. 息子はコーンフレークに牛乳をかけると、あっと言う間に食べてしまった。 III - c. News Glossary Friday of Departure 追放の金曜日 After a night of scattered clashes and bursts of gunfire, an uneasy calm prevailed on Friday as anti-government demonstrators mustered for what they had called a "Friday of departure." 散発的な衝突と銃声が続く夜が明けた金曜日、不穏な静けさが広がっていた。反政府デモ隊は、｢追放の金曜日｣と呼んできたこの日のために結集した。 IV. Jokes a. A woman came to our bank to cash a cheque. "Do you have identification?" I asked. "Yes," she said. "A strawberry mark on my left knee." b. "You have to explain this to me," I told the chef at the restaurant. The chalkboard read "Today's special: Broiled Snaper with 2 Peas." The chef laughed. "Year, I saw that the hostess had misspelled snapper too," he said. "But she misunderstood me when I said, "The special has two p's.' " c. A woman brought her daughter into my produce department at the supermarket with the intention of teaching her about food shopping. The customer picked up a nice, firm tomato and squeezed until juice spurted out. "Now, this tomato is bruised," she told her daughter. "We don't want this one." d. As I left my office at the cancer institute, I passed a researcher puffing away on a cigarette. "How can you smoke when you, of all people, know the harm caused by cigarettes?" I asked. "Because it gives me more motivation to find a cure." e. My fellow mental health counselor and his transcriber were arguing over a transcript that had a client embracing her "power mower" instead of the intended term, "paramour." "Didn't that seem at all odd to you?" my colleague bristled. "Why would it?" the transcriber said. "Especially now, when folks are into a lot weirder stuff than lawn equipment." f. Asked about the kind of job he wanted, an applicant stated, "I seek full authority but limited responsibility." |