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資料No. ： NS110413
I-1 TOEIC, TOEFL練習問題
(1) TOEIC １. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 In this _______ case, the difficulty seems to lie with the shippers. (A) exactly (B) probably (C) also (D) particular 2. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 _______ you been able to install the software yet? (A) Had (B) Will (C) Were (D) Have 3. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 As you _______ imagine, we are very worried about the delay. (A) can (B) will (C) perhaps (D) ever 4. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 The contract was mailed the day _______ yesterday, so it should arrive soon. (A) after (B) beside (C) next (D) before 5. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 My daughter plans _______ a psychology course next semester. (A) to learn (B) to take (C) to apply (D) to study 6. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 If we _______ to the store last week, we wouldn't have missed the sale. (A) were to go (B) had gone (C) would go (D) have gone 7. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 The manager wanted the new secretary _______ the letters by 5:00. (A) will finish (B) finishing (C) could finish (D) to finish (2) TOEFL 1. 空所補充問題 The bright red "flowers" of the poinsettia plant -----, technically speaking, not flowers at all, but groups of specialized leaves called bracts. (A) are (B) is (C) being (D) to be 2. 空所補充問題 Distinguishing ----- ordinary rheumatoid arthritis and dysfunction of the immune system requires extensive medical experience. (A) within (B) between (C) among (D) on 3. 空所補充問題 The most severe physical pains involved with the hunger response in humans ----- stomach cramps, or uncontrollable contractions of the stomach muscles. (A) is (B) to be (C) being (D) are 4. 空所補充問題 Potatoes are not native to Ireland, and corn -----. (A) is either (B) isn't neither (C) is neither (D) isn't either 5. 空所補充問題 Grass can grow ----- soil and climate conditions are sufficiently accommodating. (A) ever (B) whenever (C) every (D) never 6. 正誤問題 Calico is (A)a cotton fabric related (B)to chintz and percale (C)that it originated (D)in Calicut, India. 7. 正誤問題 (A)An armistice is a formal truce (B)in which both sides in a war agree to stop fighting for a specific purpose without (C)lying down (D)their arms entirely. 8. 正誤問題 (A)While the early 1940s, Nat "King" Cole was (B)considered to be one of the (C)leading jazz pianists of (D)his day. 9. 正誤問題 (A)However electronic computers had been in use (B)since the late 1940s, (C)they were not in widespread household use (D)until the late 1980s. 10. 正誤問題 Rodin's sculpture The Age of Bronze is a cast of a carving (A)so lifelike (B)that the artist was (C)initial accused of (D)having made a cast of a living person. I-2 TOEIC, TOEFL 練習問題解答 (1) TOEIC １. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 In this _______ case, the difficulty seems to lie with the shippers. (A) exactly (B) probably (C) also (D) particular 訳：この特殊なケースでは、問題は輸出者側にあるように思えます。 ※正解(D)。lie with ... は「…に在る」。意味の上よりも、むしろ文法的に考えたほうが分かり易いでしょう。case という名詞を修飾するのは形容詞でなければなりません。 2. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 _______ you been able to install the software yet? (A) Had (B) Will (C) Were (D) Have 訳：もうソフトウェアのインストールは済みましたか。 ※正解(D)。software と install はすでに日本語と考えてもいいでしょう。yet があるところからも、この文の時制は明らかと言えるでしょう。Will であれば、be 動詞は原形 be でなければなりません。Were では be 動詞が二つになってしまいます。 3. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 As you _______ imagine, we are very worried about the delay. (A) can (B) will (C) perhaps (D) ever 訳：お察しいただけるように、当方では遅れを大変に心配しています。 ※正解(A)。文法的に助動詞が入ることは間違いなさそうです。ただし文法的に何が可能かを考える前に、As ..., の部分を見たことがあるか聞いたことがあることが重要です。多くの例文に接していれば必ずと言っていいほど出てくるはずの表現のひとつです。 4. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 The contract was mailed the day _______ yesterday, so it should arrive soon. (A) after (B) beside (C) next (D) before 訳：契約書は一昨日郵送されましたので、直ぐに着くでしょう。 ※正解(D)。まずは文脈から the day ------- yesterday がひとつの時を表す表現であることを理解することが重要です。あとはひとつひとつの選択肢を入れてみて、意味をなすものを探しましょう。 5. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 My daughter plans _______ a psychology course next semester. (A) to learn (B) to take (C) to apply (D) to study 訳：娘は来学期、心理学の授業を取る予定でいます． ※正解(B)。コロケーションの問題。"a psychology course"「心理学の授業」となっているので、「取る」の意味の動詞が必要です。単に psychology であれば、「勉強する」の意の learn や study も可能です。 6. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 If we _______ to the store last week, we wouldn't have missed the sale. (A) were to go (B) had gone (C) would go (D) have gone 訳：もし先週にその店に行っていれば、セールを逃さなかったのに。 ※正解(B)。仮定法過去完了。wouldn't have missed は「あの時」のニュアンスを持っているので、If ... の節も「もしあの時」の意味を持たねばならず、過去完了の形になります。 7. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 The manager wanted the new secretary _______ the letters by 5:00. (A) will finish (B) finishing (C) could finish (D) to finish 訳：支配人は新しい秘書に 5 時までに手紙を書き終えてほしかった。 ※正解(D)。want ＋人＋ to ... の形で、「人に…してほしい」の意味。want はふつう that 節を伴うことはないので(A)や(C)は誤り。特に(A)では時制も合っていません。want ＋目的語＋ ...ing の形は通例否定文で用います。 (2) TOEFL 1. 空所補充問題 The bright red "flowers" of the poinsettia plant -----, technically speaking, not flowers at all, but groups of specialized leaves called bracts. (A) are (B) is (C) being (D) to be ※正解(A)。【解説】 空所にはこの文の動詞が入ることになるので、(C)と(D)は除外できる。この文の主語はThe bright red" "flowers"である。したがって、正解は(A)。poinsettia「ポインセチア」、bract「包葉」。 2. 空所補充問題 Distinguishing ----- ordinary rheumatoid arthritis and dysfunction of the immune system requires extensive medical experience. (A) within (B) between (C) among (D) on ※正解(B)。【解説】 distinguishの意味は「区別する」。空所の後にはandを挟んで名詞句が２つ並んでいるので、betweenを入れれば「AとBを区別する」の意味になる。正解は(B)。rheumatoid arthritis「慢性関節リューマチ」、dysfunction「機能障害」、immune system「免疫システム」。 3. 空所補充問題 The most severe physical pains involved with the hunger response in humans ----- stomach cramps, or uncontrollable contractions of the stomach muscles. (A) is (B) to be (C) being (D) are ※正解(D)。【解説】 The mostから空所の前のhumansがこの文の主語である。したがって、空所にはpainsに呼応して(D)areが入ることになる。contractions「収縮」。 4. 空所補充問題 Potatoes are not native to Ireland, and corn -----. (A) is either (B) isn't neither (C) is neither (D) isn't either ※正解(D)。【解説】 前半がare notと否定文になっているので、それを受け空所にはisn't eitherが入ることになる。これで「トウモロコシもアイルランド原産ではない」の意味になる。 5. 空所補充問題 Grass can grow ----- soil and climate conditions are sufficiently accommodating. (A) ever (B) whenever (C) every (D) never ※正解(B)。【解説】 この文には動詞が２つ（grow、are）があるので、空所には接続詞が入ることになる。したがって、正解は(B)wheneverである。 6. 正誤問題 Calico is (A)a cotton fabric related (B)to chintz and percale (C)that it originated (D)in Calicut, India. ※正解(Ｃ)。【解説】 that it → that（itをカット）。この場合のfabric「布」は可算名詞。related to ... 「……と同族の」。thatの後のitはどう見ても余分である。originatedの後の前置詞inに問題はない。calico「サラサ」。chintz「チンツ」、percale「パーケール」。 7. 正誤問題 (A)An armistice is a formal truce (B)in which both sides in a war agree to stop fighting for a specific purpose without (C)lying down (D)their arms entirely. ※正解(Ｃ)。【解説】 lying → laying。armistice「休戦」は可算名詞。前置詞＋関係代名詞in whichに問題はない。lyingはlayingとしなければ「（武器などを）捨てる」の意味にはならない。theirはboth sidesを指す。 8. 正誤問題 (A)While the early 1940s, Nat "King" Cole was (B)considered to be one of the (C)leading jazz pianists of (D)his day. ※正解(A)。【解説】 While → During。Whileの後にthe early 1940sが来ているので、ここはWhileの代わりに前置詞Duringを使う。be considered to be... の用法に問題はない。leading「一流の」。hisとはNat "King" Coleのことである。 9. 正誤問題 (A)However electronic computers had been in use (B)since the late 1940s, (C)they were not in widespread household use (D)until the late 1980s. ※正解(A)。【解説】 However → Although。Howeverのままでは文が成立しない。Althoughを使えば意味が通るようになる。widespread「広く行き渡った」。 10. 正誤問題 Rodin's sculpture The Age of Bronze is a cast of a carving (A)so lifelike (B)that the artist was (C)initial accused of (D)having made a cast of a living person. ※正解(Ｃ)。【解説】 initial → initially。so... thatは皆さんご存じの構文である。initialは過去分詞accusedにかかっているので、形容詞ではなく副詞initiallyを用いる。having madeの用法に問題はない。Rodin「ロダン」。 II. 時事英文 Green Cities (その7：全13回シリーズ) The people of Portland, Oregon are among the top recyclers in the nation. People living there recycle over half of the waste they throw out. The city has also worked to provide green transportation by providing safe bike paths and free parking spaces where electric cars can recharge. In Oakland, California, you can ride on one of several public hydrogen-powered buses. These buses release zero pollution into the air. However, they cost about five times more than common buses. Cost is also a major issue in creating green buildings and systems. Green building materials and systems usually cost more money than normal ones. However, homeowners are increasingly willing to pay more money to have lower energy costs in the future. And, builders are offering more green building methods and products as they become more important to buyers. III - a. 雑知識
猫に引っかかれる be scratched by a cat ※My five-year-old daughter was scratched badly by a stray cat the other day. 猫が爪をとぐ a cat sharpens its claws ※Our cat loves to sharpen its claws on the sofa in our living room. 犬にエサをあげる feed a dog ※It is my son's job to feed our dog twice a day. 犬にお手を教える teach a dog to shake hands ※Because I taught my dog to shake hands a number of times, he is now good at it. III-c. News Glossary aviation flu 鳥インフルエンザ The fifth confirmed outbreak of avian flu in two months has experts concerned that migratory birds are bringing to Japan highly pathogenic viruses that could survive for a long time and devastate the nation's poultry industory. 過去2カ月間で5例目となる鳥インフルエンザの感染が確認されたことで、渡り鳥が運んでくる高病原性ウイルスが長期間にわたり生存し、日本の養鶏業に壊滅的な被害を与えるのではと専門家は懸念している。 IV. Jokes a. One evening, as my eight-year-old son, Ben, was getting ready for bed, we started discussing stages of life: getting a job, owning a house and learning to drive. As I explained a little bit about each of these things, he asked: "Mum, what is the hardest thing about learning to drive - answering your phone?" b. Earlier in the day, I had told my four-year-old son, Tomio, that it is important to keep any promises you make. Later, while shopping, I told him we wouldn't be buying him anything extra. He replied: "I have promised myself I would get a DVD - and a promise is a promise." c. Abigail, our five-year-old granddaughter, was visiting me. She was having a wonderful time exploring my house, and was fascinated by some old glass doorknobs. "Nanny," she exclaimed. "You have such a rich house! Richer than ours." "Why do you say that?" I asked. "You have a beautiful new house." "But," she replied, "we don't have diamonds for doorknobs." d. Visiting our niece, Jacqueline, my husband and I were amazed at how her 18-month-old son had learned sign language before he was able to speak. In his high chair, eating an orange, the toddler signed "please", "hungry" and other words his proud mum asked for. Suddenly, he placed his hand under his chin and drew it forward with a flourish. "Wow!" said my husband. "What did that sign mean?" "That means he has juice running down his chin," Jacqueline replied. |