資料No. : NS110216  

I-1 TOEIC, TOEFL練習問題
(1) TOEIC
1. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題
We'll have to get rid of him sooner or _______.
(A) later (B) better (C) after (D) not

2. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題
I know him by _______ but I've never spoken to him.
(A) seeing (B) mistake (C) sight (D) chance

3. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題
With this recession our sales are going from bad to _______.
(A) bad (B) worse (C) terrible (D) the worst

4. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題
It's difficult not to reply _______ to that kind of an intrusive question.
(A) rudely (B) kindly (C) desperately (D) politely

5. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題
Don't take it personally. He doesn't mean to hurt your _______.
(A) emotions (B) happiness (C) feelings (D) equilibrium

6. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題
If he's found guilty the judge will pass _______.
(A) guilt (B) sentence (C) innocence (D) the case

7. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題
We'd better hurry if we want to _______ the last train.
(A) met (B) be on time (C) take (D) return

(2) TOEFL
1. 空所補充問題
The clear, transparent yellow, orange red and brown varieties of the crystallized mineral known as zircon ----- gemstones.
(A) often used as are (B) are often used as (C) used as are often (D) as are often used

2. 空所補充問題
----- charged subatomic particles can be studied in a device called a spark chamber.
(A) Electric (B) Electricity (C) Electrically (D) Electronics

3. 空所補充問題
Since Stonehenge is constructed of such massive stones, the people who built it must ----- extraordinary technological capabilities.
(A) have had (B) to have (C) been having (D) have been

4. 空所補充問題
The job of a lobbyist is to get ----- to the benefit of vested interests.
(A) legislators modified decisions (B) decisions to modify by legislators
(C) that legislators modify decisions (D) legislators to modify decisions

5. 空所補充問題
Scientists have isolated chemicals that ----- in more or less aggressive ways.
(A) make people to behave (B) making people behave (C) make people behave (D) making people behaving

6. 正誤問題
Thomas Young is (A)best known for his outstanding contributions (B)to the science of optics, (C)although he was also an important physician, (D)physics and Egyptologist.

7. 正誤問題
A liquid is generally defined (A)as a substance (B)that assumes the shape of its container (C)over normal atmospheric and gravitational (D)conditions.

8. 正誤問題
German engineer Karl Benz was one of the early (A)pioneer (B)in the development of vehicles (C)powered by internal combustion (D)engines.

9. 正誤問題
Tax filing procedures have become (A)such complex (B)that many taxpayers have no choice (C)but to have professionals (D)file for them.

10. 正誤問題
Many cactus plants (A)feature sharp thorns (B)that protect the flesh and fruit of the plant (C)from desert birds and (D)another animals.

I-2 TOEIC, TOEFL 練習問題解答
(1) TOEIC
1. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題
We'll have to get rid of him sooner or _______.
(A) later (B) better (C) after (D) not
訳:遅かれ早かれ、彼と手を切らなければならなくなるだろう。
※正解(A)。sooner or later で「遅かれ早かれ」という意味です。ただし、日本語の言い回しとは英語の語順は逆ですから、注意して覚えることが大切です。

2. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題
I know him by _______ but I've never spoken to him.
(A) seeing (B) mistake (C) sight (D) chance
訳:彼のことは見知ってはいるけど、口をきいたことはない。
※正解(C)。know 〜 by sight で「〜を見知っている(だけである)」というイディオムです。by mistake は「誤って」、by chance は「偶然に」という意味です。

3. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題
With this recession our sales are going from bad to _______.
(A) bad (B) worse (C) terrible (D) the worst
訳:この景気後退で、うちの売り上げもますます悪くなってきている。
※正解(B)。go from bad to worse で「ますます悪くなる」という意味のイディオムです。recession は「(一時的な)景気後退」、それに対して「(長期の)不況」を depression と言います。

4. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題
It's difficult not to reply _______ to that kind of an intrusive question.
(A) rudely (B) kindly (C) desperately (D) politely
訳:あんなぶしつけな質問に、礼儀にはずれないように答えるのは難しい。
※正解(A)。intrusive 「でしゃばった」質問と言っているので、(B)「やさしく」や (D)「礼儀正しく」、また (C) の「必死に」では文脈上当てはまりません。(A) の rudely なら、「不作法に答えないでいるのは難しい」となり、意味が通ります。

5. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題
Don't take it personally. He doesn't mean to hurt your _______.
(A) emotions (B) happiness (C) feelings (D) equilibrium
訳:あなたへのあてつけだと思わないでください。彼はあなたの気持ちを傷つけるつもりはないんです。
※正解(C)。hurt 〜's feelings で「(〜の)感情を害する」という意味のイディオムです。emotion は「(喜怒哀楽などの強い)感情」のことを言います。(D) の equilibrium は「(心の)平静」という意味です。

6. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題
If he's found guilty the judge will pass _______.
(A) guilt (B) sentence (C) innocence (D) the case
訳:彼がもし有罪だということがわかれば、判事は刑を宣告するだろう。
※正解(B)。pass sentence(on +人)で「(人に)刑を宣告する」という決まった言い回しです。「有罪[無罪]を宣告する」というときは、という言い方をします。

7. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題
We'd better hurry if we want to _______ the last train.
(A) met (B) be on time (C) take (D) return
訳:最終電車に乗るなら、急いだほうがいい。
※正解(C)。(B) の on time は「時間どおりに」という意味。in time「間に合って」なら後に for を伴い、「(電車)に間に合う」という意味になります。「電車に乗る」は take a train と言います。

(2) TOEFL
1. 空所補充問題
The clear, transparent yellow, orange red and brown varieties of the crystallized mineral known as zircon ----- gemstones.
(A) often used as are (B) are often used as (C) used as are often (D) as are often used
※正解(B)。【解説】 The clearからzirconまでがこの文の主語になるので、空所には動詞が入る。したがって、(D)は不可。また、usedを動詞として用いても文は成立しないので(A)と(C)も正解ではない。(B)を空所に入れれば「……としてよく使われる」の意味になる。transparent「透明な」、zircon「ジルコン」、gemstone「宝石の原石」。

2. 空所補充問題
----- charged subatomic particles can be studied in a device called a spark chamber.
(A) Electric (B) Electricity (C) Electrically (D) Electronics
※正解(C)。【解説】 chargedはsubatomic particles「素粒子」にかかる過去分詞。空所にはchargedを修飾する語がは入ることになるので、正解は(C) Electrically(副詞)。electrically chargedで「電荷を帯びた」の意味になる。

3. 空所補充問題
Since Stonehenge is constructed of such massive stones, the people who built it must ----- extraordinary technological capabilities.
(A) have had (B) to have (C) been having (D) have been
※正解(A)。【解説】 mustの後に不定詞to、beenは使えない。must have had... を空所に入れれば「並はずれた技術力を持っていたに違いない」の意味になる。

4. 空所補充問題
The job of a lobbyist is to get ----- to the benefit of vested interests.
(A) legislators modified decisions (B) decisions to modify by legislators
(C) that legislators modify decisions (D) legislators to modify decisions
※正解(D)。【解説】 getには「get+人+to+動詞」の使役用法(なんとか……させる)がある。(D)がこれに該当する。lobbyist「ロビイスト」、legislator「国会議員」。

5. 空所補充問題
Scientists have isolated chemicals that ----- in more or less aggressive ways.
(A) make people to behave (B) making people behave (C) make people behave (D) making people behaving
※正解(C)。【解説】 makeの使役用法に注目。makeの場合には後に来る動詞は原形になるので、(C)make people behaveが正解。

6. 正誤問題
Thomas Young is (A)best known for his outstanding contributions (B)to the science of optics, (C)although he was also an important physician, (D)physics and Egyptologist.
※正解(D)。【解説】 physics → physicist。physics「物理学」の前後の語に注目。physician「医師」、Egyptologist「エジプト学者」と人を表す語が並んでいるので、physicsはphysicist「物理学者」にしなくてはいけない。

7. 正誤問題
A liquid is generally defined (A)as a substance (B)that assumes the shape of its container (C)over normal atmospheric and gravitational (D)conditions.
※正解(C)。【解説】 over → under。【解説】be defined as... で「……として定義される」の意味。関係代名詞thatに問題はない。「……の状況下では」の意味を表すには前置詞overではなくunderを用いる。conditionは可算名詞。

8. 正誤問題
German engineer Karl Benz was one of the early (A)pioneer (B)in the development of vehicles (C)powered by internal combustion (D)engines.
※正解(A)。【解説】 pioneer → pioneers。one of the earlyの後のpioneerを複数形にしなければ文が成立しない。前置詞in、(that/which were) powered by、可算名詞enginesに問題はない。

9. 正誤問題
Tax filing procedures have become (A)such complex (B)that many taxpayers have no choice (C)but to have professionals (D)file for them.
※正解(A)。【解説】 such → so。complex「複雑な」は形容詞なので、suchではなくsoを用いる。これでso... that構文になる。

10. 正誤問題
Many cactus plants (A)feature sharp thorns (B)that protect the flesh and fruit of the plant (C)from desert birds and (D)another animals.
※正解(D)。【解説】 another → other。この場合のfeatureは「……を特徴とする」の意味。関係代名詞that、protect... fromに問題はない。animalsと複数形になっているので、anotherではなくotherを用いる。

II.時事英文
Green Cities (その2:全13回シリーズ)
The Kyoto Protocol is an international agreement aimed at reducing the release of harmful gases believed to cause climate change. The United States is not part of the agreement. But since two thousand five, more than one thousand mayors across the country have agreed to sign their own version of the protocol.

It is called the United States Conference of Mayors' Climate Protection Agreement. Local leaders have agreed to follow the suggestions of the Kyoto Protocol in their communities. They have also agreed to urge state and federal governments to follow these suggestions. One goal is to reduce air pollution to nineteen ninety levels by two thousand twelve.

III - a. 雑知識
  1. headway はmake headwayという成句で「前進する」の意味になる。China and India seemed to make little headway on geopolitical differences over Pakistan, terrorism and their disputed border. は、中印首脳会談に関するヘラルド朝日の記事から。貿易拡大では合意したが、国境線の画定などでは相違点が埋まらなかった。
  2. physical(身体の)にはphysical examination(健康診断)の意味の名詞用法がある。大リーグのアスレチックスは、エンゼルスからフリーエージェント(FA)になっていた松井秀喜外野手と1年契約を結んだ。健康診断を経て正式発表されたことをAFP-Jiji 通信の記事が、The deal went through after Matsui passed his physical. と伝えた。
  3. revolving door(回転ドア)は「入れ替わりの激しい」の意味で使われる。菅直人首相は法人税減税や、諫早湾干拓事業にかかわる国の上告断念などで指導力をアピールしているが、懐疑的な声もある。Skeptics say Kan's efforts may be too late to keep him from becoming the latest of Japan's revolving-door leaders. は、Reuters 通信の記事から。
  4. no-confidence vote は「不信任投票」の意味。イタリア下院は12月14日、ベルルスコーニ内閣に対する内閣不信任案をわずか3票というきん差で否決した。Reuters 通信の記事が、Italian Prime Minister Silvio Berlusconi narrowly survived a no-confidence vote. と伝えた。
  5. no-nonsense は「本気の、お遊びでない」の意味。北朝鮮による韓国・大延坪島(テヨンピョンド)砲撃を受け、空襲などの非常事態を想定した史上最大規模の防空訓練が12月15日、韓国のほぼ全土で行われた。ヘラルド朝日の記事が、South Korea held its largest no-nonsense civil defense drill in decades. と伝えた。
  6. confidence(自信)はbusiness confidence で「景況感」の意味になる。12月の短観で、大企業・製造業の景況感を表す「業況判断指数(DI)」が2009年3月調査以来7四半期ぶりに悪化した。ヘラルド朝日の記事が、Business confidence for manufacturers worsened for the first time in nearly two years this quarter. と伝えた。
  7. shore up は「〜を強化する」の意味。Naoto Kan announced that Japan would cut its corporate income tax rate by five percentage points in a bid to shore up its sluggish economy. は、景気が低迷するなか、菅直人首相が、法人税の実効税率を5パーセント引き下げる方針を決めたことを伝えたヘラルド朝日の記事から。
III -b. 英語でどう言う?
雪焼けする
get a snow tan
※The boy had been spending all day snowboarding, he has totally got a snow tan.

寒さで震える
shiver with cold
※Because I was lightly dressed, I shivered with cold when I went outside.

冷え症である
have poor blood circulation
※Since I have poor blood circulation, winter is hard for me.

パチパチと静電気が起きる
crackle with static electricity
※When I took off my sweater, it crackled with static electricity.

III -c. News Glossary
No Labels
ノー・レーベルズ/レッテル無し
Republicans, Democrats, and independents with a common goal, to make politics less polarized, are joining forces to create a centrist group called No Labels. The group bills as a new way of lookig at politics.
 政治の二極化を避けようという共通の目標を掲げ、共和党、民主党、無党派の人々が協力して『ノー・レーベルズ』という中道派のグループを立ち上げた。このグループは自らを、新たな政治観を提唱する集団だと標ぼうしている。

IV. Jokes
a. Our daughter came home from school and announced, "I kissed a boy today, Mum."
Swallowing hard at the prospect of pre-teen dating, I responded, "Oh, and how did you manage that?"
"Some of the girls helped me hold him down," she r3eplied.

b. My ten-year-old sister was arranging the book cupboard when she came across a particular title. She pointed to it and proudly announced, "I've read this book approx five times."
Not having heard her use this word before, I asked, "Approx?"
She replied, "Yes. That means I've read it four times."

c. I was helping nursery school pupil write her name. "You're like my daddy," she observed.
"Does your daddy help you write your name too?" I asked.
"No," she replied. "But he's got hairy arms."

d. Last Christmas morning, after all the parents were opened, it was clear that my five-year-old son wasn't thrilled with the ratio of toys to clothes he'd received. As he trudged slowly up the stairs, I called out, "Hey, where are you going?"
"To my room," he said, "to play with my new socks."

e. While I was making a batch of cookies, I asked my ten-year-old to read the recipe and ingredients off the box to me, doubling them as he went along. He did as he was told. His first instruction: "Preheat the oven to 700 degrees."



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