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資料No. ： NS110202
I-1 TOEIC, TOEFL練習問題
(1) TOEIC １. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 As manufacture becomes cheaper and less local, transport and labor costs have risen, and recycling has become _______ economic. (A) more (B) still (C) less (D) much 2. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 _______ sanctions and aid cuts by the United States, Japan and other countries, India conducted two more underground nuclear tests. (A) Despite (B) Although (C) Between (D) With 3. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 _______ many more elderly parents to care for, more employees will face tough choices in deciding whether to move. (A) Because (B) Though (C) With (D) Among 4. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 A depleted ozone layer allows more UV-B radiation _______ Earth, harming human, animal, and plant life in many ways. (A) getting to (B) to reach (C) arrived on (D) to come 5. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 It's a shame that we have to commute two hours _______ way in rush-hour traffic jams. (A) any (B) some (C) no (D) each 6. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Tobacco smoke contains about 4,000 _______, including 200 known poisons. (A) chemicals (B) nutrition (C) obstacles (D) neutrons 7. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Temperatures have ranged from 43 to 50 across India over the past month, _______ the hottest summer in 50 years. (A) in making (B) made of (C) they made (D) making it (2) TOEFL 1. 空所補充問題 Before the U.S. Air Force was established ----- an independent entity, military aviation was conducted by the Army Air Corps. (A) to (B) as (C) at (D) on 2. 空所補充問 The dried leaves of the purple foxglove garden flower ----- digitalis. (A) are often referred to as (B) often to refer to as (C) as often as are referred to (D) are to be often as referred to 3. 空所補充問題 If the Russian Revolution hadn't ousted the Romanovs from power in 1917, their dynasty ----- for some years. (A) had continued (B) may continue (C) continued (D) might have continued 4. 空所補充問題 Islands in the central Pacific Ocean tend to be composed of higher proportions of volcanic rock than those ----- closer to the continents. (A) would locate (B) located (C) can locate (D) locate 5. 空所補充問 ----- an American-born painter working in England in the 1770s who depicted contemporary history in his work. (A) Benjamin West was (B) Benjamin West being (C) Benjamin West (D) Being Benjamin West 6. 正誤問題 (A)A Molotov cocktail is a glass bottle of (B)flammable liquid (C)stopped with a flaming rag, (D)serves as a crude firebomb. 7. 正誤問題 (A)Withholding income tax (B)tends to increase tax revenue, (C)in part because the taxpayer in effect is forced to extend (D)a interest-free loan to the treasury. 8. 正誤問題 (A)The Algonquin Indians are Native Americans (B)who originally (C)come to Canada's Ottawa River region thousands (D)of years ago. 9. 正誤問題 (A)Any form of government (B)in which the leadership (C)is elected, usually for specified terms of office, is (D)calling a republic. 10. 正誤問題 The work (A)song of sailors were (B)marked by rhythm in order to help teams of men (C)coordinate (D)their efforts to haul ropes and move heavy objects. I-2 TOEIC, TOEFL 練習問題解答 (1) TOEIC １. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 As manufacture becomes cheaper and less local, transport and labor costs have risen, and recycling has become _______ economic. (A) more (B) still (C) less (D) much 訳：生産のコストが安くなりその集中化が進むにつれ、輸送や労働のコストは上昇し、リサイクルはより経済的でなくなってきている。 ※正解(Ｃ)。《解説》接続詞のAsはここでは後ろに比較級の文を従えて、「〜するにつれて、ますます…である」という文を作っている。問題箇所は「ますます経済的になる (more economic) 」とするのか、「ますます経済的でなくなる (less economic) 」とするのか、文全体の内容からよく判断する。 《選択肢》(B) と (D) のstill, muchはいずれも比較級の強調に用いられる。 2. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 _______ sanctions and aid cuts by the United States, Japan and other countries, India conducted two more underground nuclear tests. (A) Despite (B) Although (C) Between (D) With 訳：合衆国や日本、その他の諸国による制裁や援助の削減にもかかわらず、インドはさらに2つの地下核実験を実施した。 ※正解(A)。《解説》内容的には譲歩の意味を表す語を入れることになるが、(A) を選んで譲歩の前置詞にするか、(B) を選んで譲歩の接続詞にするか、文の形からよく判断すること。sanctions and aid cuts by the United States, Japan and other countries「合衆国や日本、その他の諸国による制裁や援助の削減」は基本的には一つの名詞句であることを見れば、(A) のDespite 〜「〜にもかかわらず」が入る。 3. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 _______ many more elderly parents to care for, more employees will face tough choices in deciding whether to move. (A) Because (B) Though (C) With (D) Among 訳：従業員のますます多くの者が、介護が必要な一層高齢の親を抱えて、転勤するかどうかの決定に厳しい選択を迫られることになるだろう。 ※正解(Ｃ)。《解説》to care for「介護を要する」はelderly parentsを後ろから修飾する形容詞用法の不定詞。したがって、many more elderly parents to care for全体で1つの名詞句であり、その前に前置詞を置いて、コンマ以下の主節につなげる。(C) のWithが入るが、「〜を抱えて」の意味。 《選択肢》(D) のAmong「〜の間に」も前置詞だが、内容的に合わない。 4. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 A depleted ozone layer allows more UV-B radiation _______ Earth, harming human, animal, and plant life in many ways. (A) getting to (B) to reach (C) arrived on (D) to come 訳：オゾン層の破壊により、より多くの紫外線Bが地球に降り注ぎ、人や動植物にいろいろな害を与えている。 ※正解(B)。《解説》allowという動詞の用法がポイント。「allow＋O＋to do」で「Oが〜するのを許す」という意味になる。したがって、(B) が答えだが、A depleted ozone layer「オゾン層の破壊」がmore UV-B radiation 「より多くの紫外線B」を「地球に到達させる」と言っている。 《選択肢》(A) はgettingと現在分詞であるところが誤り。 5. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 It's a shame that we have to commute two hours _______ way in rush-hour traffic jams. (A) any (B) some (C) no (D) each 訳：ラッシュアワーの交通渋滞の中を片道2時間かけて通勤しなければならないとはひどいことだ。 ※正解(D)。《解説》any, some, noのいずれも後ろに単数名詞、複数名詞の両方をとることが可能であるが、eachは単数名詞しかとることができない。ここではtwo hours each wayで「片道2時間」の意味。commuteは「通勤する」、traffic jamsは「交通渋滞」。 6. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Tobacco smoke contains about 4,000 _______, including 200 known poisons. (A) chemicals (B) nutrition (C) obstacles (D) neutrons 訳：タバコの煙は約4000ほどの化学物質を含んでいるが、そのうち200は毒性物質として知られている。 ※正解(A)。《解説》containもincludeも「〜を含む」の意味。ただし、containは あるものを内容の全体として含む場合に、includeはある物を内容の一部として含む場合に用いられる。ここではタバコがその中に4000もの何を入れているかを考えるが、答えは複数名詞になる。 《選択肢》(A) chemicals「化学物質」、(B) nutrition「栄養（物）」、(C) obstacles「障害（物）」、(D) neutrons「中性子」 7. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Temperatures have ranged from 43 to 50 across India over the past month, _______ the hottest summer in 50 years. (A) in making (B) made of (C) they made (D) making it 訳：インド中でこの1か月の間、気温が43度から50度にもなり、50年ぶりの暑さとなった。 ※正解(D)。《解説》コンマの後の語句とその前の文とを何らかの形で接続しなければならない。選択肢には接続詞はないから、どうやら (D) を選んで分詞構文でつなぐことになる。making it the hottest summerは「一番暑い夏にして」の意味。itは漠然と天気状況を指している。 《選択肢》(A) in making 〜「〜を作る際に」、(B) made of 〜「〜からできて（いる）」 (2) TOEFL 1. 空所補充問題 Before the U.S. Air Force was established ----- an independent entity, military aviation was conducted by the Army Air Corps. (A) to (B) as (C) at (D) on ※正解(B)。【解説】 be established as... で「……として設立される、確立される」の意味になる。正解は(B)。 2. 空所補充問 The dried leaves of the purple foxglove garden flower ----- digitalis. (A) are often referred to as (B) often to refer to as (C) as often as are referred to (D) are to be often as referred to ※正解(A)。【解説】 (B)と(C)を空所に入れるとこの文の動詞がないことになる。(D)are to be often as referred toの語順がおかしいのは明らか。正解は(A)are often referred to as「しばしば……と呼ばれる」である。foxglove「ジギタリス（植物）」。 3. 空所補充問題 If the Russian Revolution hadn't ousted the Romanovs from power in 1917, their dynasty ----- for some years. (A) had continued (B) may continue (C) continued (D) might have continued ※正解(D)。【解説】 If the Russian Revolution hadn't ousted ... と仮定法過去完了になっているので、(D)might have continuedが空所に入ることになる。これで「もし……しなかったら、〜が続いていたかもしれない」の意味になる。oust「追放する」。 4. 空所補充問題 Islands in the central Pacific Ocean tend to be composed of higher proportions of volcanic rock than those ----- closer to the continents. (A) would locate (B) located (C) can locate (D) locate ※正解(B)。【解説】 locate「置く」はbe locatedで「位置する」の意味を表す。thoseの後にthat/which areが略されていることに気づけば(B) locatedが正解であることが分かる。be composed of ... 「……で構成されている」。 5. 空所補充問 ----- an American-born painter working in England in the 1770s who depicted contemporary history in his work. (A) Benjamin West was (B) Benjamin West being (C) Benjamin West (D) Being Benjamin West ※正解(A)。【解説】 空所以降にこの文の動詞がないので、(A) Benjamin West wasが正解となる。depict「描く」。 6. 正誤問題 (A)A Molotov cocktail is a glass bottle of (B)flammable liquid (C)stopped with a flaming rag, (D)serves as a crude firebomb. ※正解(D)。【解説】serves as→serving as。Molotov cocktail「火炎瓶」は可算名詞である。形容詞flammable「可燃性の」に問題はない。stoppedの前にはthat/which isが略されている。servesのままでは前のisと動詞がダブってしまう。ここは分詞を使ってserving as ... とすればいい。 7. 正誤問題 (A)Withholding income tax (B)tends to increase tax revenue, (C)in part because the taxpayer in effect is forced to extend (D)a interest-free loan to the treasury. ※正解(D)。【解説】 a → an。文頭の動名詞Withholdingに問題はない。tend to ... は「 ……する傾向がある」、in partは「部分的には、一つには」の意味。形容詞interest-freeの前に冠詞aがあるが、当然aではなくanにしなくてはいけない。 8. 正誤問題 (A)The Algonquin Indians are Native Americans (B)who originally (C)come to Canada's Ottawa River region thousands (D)of years ago. ※正解(Ｃ)。【解説】 come → came。冠詞The、関係代名詞whoに誤りはない。thousands of years ago「何千年も前」が使われているのでcomeは過去形cameにしなければならない。 9. 正誤問題 (A)Any form of government (B)in which the leadership (C)is elected, usually for specified terms of office, is (D)calling a republic. ※正解(D)。【解説】 calling → called。【解説】Any form、前置詞と関係代名詞whichの用法、受け身is electedに問題はない。callingをcalledにしなければ「共和国と呼ばれる」の意味にならない。 10. 正誤問題 The work (A)song of sailors were (B)marked by rhythm in order to help teams of men (C)coordinate (D)their efforts to haul ropes and move heavy objects. ※正解(A)。【解説】 song → songs。主語がThe work songと単数形だが、それに呼応するbe動詞がwereになっている。songsと複数形にしなければ文が成立しない。 II.時事英文 Faces found on American money (その4：全4回シリーズ) These American statesmen are on front of the one, two, five, ten, twenty, fifty and one hundred dollar bills. The backs of the notes show images from the nation's history or famous places. They are, in order, the Great Seal of the United States, the signing of the Declaration of Independence and the Lincoln Memorial. The others are the Treasury Building, the White House, the Capitol building and Independence Hall. III - a. 雑知識
かさの骨が折れる umbrella ribs are broken ※On the way home, I got caught by a gust of wind and three umbrella ribs were broken. 泥水をはねかける splash muddy water ※A car splashed muddy water on me as it passed. ゲリラ豪雨で水浸しになる be flooded by a torrential downpour ※The basement in my house was flooded by a torrential downpour. 道路の水たまりにはまる slip into a puddle in the road ※The boy stumbled over a stone and slipped into a puddle in the road. III-c. News Glossary diplomatic cables 外交公電 Assange said that his arrest would do nothing to halt the flow of American diplomatic cables being released by his group, and he threatened to escalate the rush of information if he is taken into custody. アサンジュ氏は、自分を逮捕しても、自分のグループによる米国の外交公電の(暴露の)流れを止めることはできないと述べ、自分が拘束されれば情報の公開は一気に進むと脅した。 IV. Jokes a. A guy suffering from a miserable cold begs his doctor for relief. The doctor prescribes pills. But after a week, the guy's still sick. So the doctor gives him a shot. But that doesn't help his condition either. "OK, this is what I want you to do," says the doctor on the third visit. "Go home and take a hot bath. Then throw open all the windows and stand in the draft." "I'll get pneumonia!" protests the patient. "I know. That I can cure." b. A sandwich and a hamburger walk into a bar. "Sorry," says the barman, "But we don't serve food." c. Pointing to the reconstructed skeleton of a Tyrannosaurus rex, a museumgoer asks a security guard, "How old are those bones?" "Sixty-five million, four years, and six months old," says the guard. "How do you know their age so precisely?" "Well, those bones were 65 million years old when I started working here. And that was four and a half years ago." d. Visiting a village in a Third World nation, an American dignitary tells the natives, "I bring you warm greeting from my people!" The natives respond, "Kazanga!" "We wish you prosperity!" "Kazanga!" they bellow. "I promise years of friendship and economic benefit!" "Kazanga! Kazanga!" As the dignitary leaves the podium, he tells the chief, "That went well." "Um-huh," the chief replies, adding, "Look out! Don't step in the kazanga." |