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資料No. ： NS110112
I-1 TOEIC, TOEFL練習問題
(1) TOEIC １. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Thirteen European countries have signed the first _______ international ban on human cloning as controversy over such experiments heats up. (A) bound (B) binding (C) bind (D) binder 2. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 A little thing to _______ about is that not many housewives are using the Internet. (A) be concerned (B) do concerning (C) do concerned (D) concernment 3. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 The pressures that now drive recycling come _______ from companies, but from governments and voters. (A) straight (B) all (C) not (D) anywhere 4. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 They set such a high quota that _______ of the workers could meet the standards. (A) most (B) a lot (C) all (D) none 5. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Many AIDS experts voiced skepticism _______ the vaccine would actually prevent HIV infection in very many people. (A) about whether (B) on which (C) only because (D) in case 6. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 _______ of cultural differences, what is your take on those computer software commercials that came in from the U.S.? (A) Spoken (B) Speaking (C) In speech (D) The speech 7. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 If Miss Green _______ me some notice, I could have prepared the room for her arrival. (A) would give (B) had given (C) has given (D) gave (2) TOEFL 1. 空所補充問題 It is thought that there are thousands of as yet undiscovered shipwrecks ----- much about history if we could only locate and examine them. (A) could it tell us (B) it could tell us that (C) could tell that us (D) that could tell us 2. 空所補充問題 Police forces normally maintain teams of negotiators who are experts ----- with armed hostage takers. (A) dealt (B) to deal (C) in dealing (D) for to deal 3. 空所補充問題 Passengers aboard the Titanic must ----- by the belief that she was an unsinkable ship. (A) have been comforted (B) been comforting (C) comforting (D) comforted 4. 空所補充問題 'Ibis' is the common name for ----- of about 30 different long-legged aquatic birds of the same order as storks. (A) the (B) them (C) such (D) any 5. 空所補充問題 By 1945, most battleships ----- with sonar and radar, but these instruments were still in their early stages of development, and tended to be unreliable. (A) equipped (B) were equipped (C) had equipped (D) did equip 6. 正誤問題 The Utrecht School was (A)a trend (B)in visual art (C)advanced (D)primary by Dutch painters. 7. 正誤問題 Liberty Island, (A)off the southern tip of Manhattan, was officially (B)knowing (C)as Bedloe's Island (D)until 1956. 8. 正誤問題 (A)When the moist, starchy center of a popcorn kernel is (B)heated, the water inside turns to vapor, (C)creates (D)enough expansion pressure to burst the hard outer shell. 9. 正誤問題 (A)Thanks to the science of hydroponics, scientists now know (B)how to grow (C)wide range of (D)crops without the use of soil. 10. 正誤問題 Civil wars, fighting between groups (A)with a country, (B)have a tendency to expand (C)into international conflicts when neighboring countries have (D)a strong interest in the outcome. I-2 TOEIC, TOEFL 練習問題解答 (1) TOEIC １. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Thirteen European countries have signed the first _______ international ban on human cloning as controversy over such experiments heats up. (A) bound (B) binding (C) bind (D) binder 訳：ヨーロッパでは13か国が、そのような実験をめぐる議論が高まる中で、人間のクローンを禁止する最初の拘束力をもつ国際的な条約に署名した。 ※正解(B)。《解説》選択肢を見ると、いずれもbind「〜を縛る、拘束する」の活用形、ないし派生語である。ここではinternational ban「国際的な禁止」という名詞句を修飾するのであるから形容詞形、ないしその機能をもつものを選べばよい。(A) のboundは過去分詞で「拘束された」の受け身の意味。(B) のbindingは現在分詞が形容詞化した語で、「拘束力のある」の意味。 2. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 A little thing to _______ about is that not many housewives are using the Internet. (A) be concerned (B) do concerning (C) do concerned (D) concernment 訳：インターネットを利用している主婦は多くないということは少し懸念しておかなければならない。 ※正解(A)。《解説》concernはbe concerned about 〜で「〜を心配する、懸念する」の意味になる（= be anxious about）。ここではto不定詞の形容詞的用法でA little thing「ささやかなこと」を後ろから修飾している。 《選択肢》concernment「心配、関係、重要性」 3. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 The pressures that now drive recycling come _______ from companies, but from governments and voters. (A) straight (B) all (C) not (D) anywhere 訳：今ではリサイクルを促す圧力は、企業からではなく、行政や投票者から来る。 ※正解(Ｃ)。《解説》文の内容はリサイクル運動に駆り立てる圧力はどこから来るかということ。ポイントは接続詞のbutで、from companiesとfrom governments and votersとがbutを用いた相関表現の中で対比的に述べられている。結論は (C) を選んで、not 〜 but ...「〜ではなくて…」の形にする。 《選択肢》straight「真っすぐに」、anywhere「どこかに」 4. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 They set such a high quota that _______ of the workers could meet the standards. (A) most (B) a lot (C) all (D) none 訳：非常に高い割り当てを与えられて、労働者は1人もその基準を満たすことができなかった。 ※正解(D)。《解説》such 〜 that ...「とても〜なので、…」に注意して文の意味をしっかり押さえること。a high quotaは「高い割り当て」、meet the standardsは「基準を満たす」。「高い割り当てなので、だれも基準を満たせない」という意味にするのが自然。none of the workers 〜は「労働者の1人として〜しない」の全否定の表現。 5. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Many AIDS experts voiced skepticism _______ the vaccine would actually prevent HIV infection in very many people. (A) about whether (B) on which (C) only because (D) in case 訳：多くのエイズの専門家がそのワクチンに対して、実際に多くの人々のHIV感染を防ぐことができるかどうか疑問を投げかけた。 ※正解(A)。《解説》skepticism「懐疑」に着目して、「〜かどうか懐疑を表明した」の意味で文を作る。Aを選ぶことになるが、whetherはaboutの目的語になる名詞節を作る接続詞。vaccine「ワクチン」、HIV infection「HIV（ウィルスによる）感染」 《選択肢》(C) のonly becauseは「ただ〜のために」、(D) のin caseは「〜の場合に」の意味。 6. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 _______ of cultural differences, what is your take on those computer software commercials that came in from the U.S.? (A) Spoken (B) Speaking (C) In speech (D) The speech 訳：文化の違いと言えば、アメリカから来た例のコンピュータ・ソフトウェアのコマーシャルをあなたはどう思いますか。 ※正解(B)。《解説》慣用的な独立分詞構文の問題。ここで「文化の違い (cultural differences) と言えば、…」と冒頭の部分で話題を提示している。(B) を選んでSpeaking of 〜とする。なお、Talking of 〜と言っても同じ。your take on 〜は「〜に対するあなたの受け取り方（口語）」。慣用句としては、Strictly speaking「厳密に言えば」、 Frankly speaking「率直に言えば」などもよく見る表現。 7. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 If Miss Green _______ me some notice, I could have prepared the room for her arrival. (A) would give (B) had given (C) has given (D) gave 訳：もしグリーンさんが来ることを知らせてくれていたなら、私は彼女に部屋を用意しておくことができただろう。 ※正解(B)。《解説》過去の事実に反することを仮定して言う仮定法過去完了の文。主節はI could have prepared the room for 〜「私は〜のために部屋を用意しておくことができただろう」と仮定法過去完了なので、If節もこれに合わせて「had＋過去分詞」の形で作る。 (2) TOEFL 1. 空所補充問題 It is thought that there are thousands of as yet undiscovered shipwrecks ----- much about history if we could only locate and examine them. (A) could it tell us (B) it could tell us that (C) could tell that us (D) that could tell us ※正解(D)。【解説】 前にthere are... があるので空所にそのままcouldで始まる語句を入れることはできない。it could tell that us... ではitが何のことだか分からない。正解は関係代名詞を含む(D) that could tell usである。shipwreck「難破船」。 2. 空所補充問題 Police forces normally maintain teams of negotiators who are experts ----- with armed hostage takers. (A) dealt (B) to deal (C) in dealing (D) for to deal ※正解(Ｃ)。【解説】 expertの後に前置詞inと動名詞を続けて「……をする専門家」の意味になる。正解は(C)。hostage「人質」。 3. 空所補充問題 Passengers aboard the Titanic must ----- by the belief that she was an unsinkable ship. (A) have been comforted (B) been comforting (C) comforting (D) comforted ※正解(A)。【解説】 助動詞mustの後にbeen comforting、comforting、comfortedが使えないのは明らか。must have been conforted by ... で「……によりほっとしていた（安心していた）に違いなかった」の意味になる。unsinkable「沈没しない」。 4. 空所補充問題 'Ibis' is the common name for ----- of about 30 different long-legged aquatic birds of the same order as storks. (A) the (B) them (C) such (D) any ※正解(D)。【解説】 theが使えないのは明らか。them、suchでは次のofと繋がらない。正解はany of... である。ibis「トキ」、aquatic bird「水鳥」、order「（動物分類上の）目（もく）」、stork「コウノトリ」。 5. 空所補充問題 By 1945, most battleships ----- with sonar and radar, but these instruments were still in their early stages of development, and tended to be unreliable. (A) equipped (B) were equipped (C) had equipped (D) did equip ※正解(B)。【解説】 他動詞equipはbe equipped with ... で「……を装備している」の意味になる。正解は(B)。battleship「戦艦」、sonar「ソナー（水中音波探知機）」。 6. 正誤問題 The Utrecht School was (A)a trend (B)in visual art (C)advanced (D)primary by Dutch painters. ※正解(D)。【解説】 primary → primarily。trend「トレンド、流行」は可算名詞。前置詞inに問題はない。advancedの前にはthat/which wasが略されている。「主に」の意味にするにはprimarilyと副詞形を用いなくてはいけない。 7. 正誤問題 Liberty Island, (A)off the southern tip of Manhattan, was officially (B)knowing (C)as Bedloe's Island (D)until 1956. ※正解(B)。【解説】 knowing → known。offは「離れた」の意味。be known as... で「 ……として知られていた」の意味になるので、knowingが間違っている。前置詞untilに問題はない。 8. 正誤問題 (A)When the moist, starchy center of a popcorn kernel is (B)heated, the water inside turns to vapor, (C)creates (D)enough expansion pressure to burst the hard outer shell. ※正解(Ｃ)。【解説】 create → creating。接続詞when、受動態heatedの用法に誤りはない。the water inside turns to vapor, creates... と動詞が並列されているので、creating（分詞）にしなければ文が繋がらない。and creates... でもいい。enough「十分な」の位置に問題はない。 9. 正誤問題 (A)Thanks to the science of hydroponics, scientists now know (B)how to grow (C)wide range of (D)crops without the use of soil. ※正解(Ｃ)。【解説】 wide range → a wide range。Thanks to... 「……のお陰で」、how to... に問題はない。rangeは可算名詞なので、wideの前に冠詞aが必要になる。crops「作物」。 10. 正誤問題 Civil wars, fighting between groups (A)with a country, (B)have a tendency to expand (C)into international conflicts when neighboring countries have (D)a strong interest in the outcome. ※正解(A)。【解説】 with → within。Civil warsとは「（国における）内戦」のことなので、withではなくwithin「……の中で」にしなければ意味が通らない。conflict「紛争」。 II.時事英文 Faces found on American money (その3：全4回シリーズ) Andrew Jackson was the seventh president, serving from eighteen twenty-nine to eighteen thirty-seven. He supported popular democracy and individual liberty. His picture is on the twenty-dollar bill. Another president is on the fifty-dollar bill. Ulysses S. Grant served from eighteen sixty-nine to eighteen seventy-seven. Before serving as president, Grant was the military commander of Union forces during the Civil War. Under his command, the Union Army defeated Confederate forces. So who do you think is on the one hundred-dollar bill? It is Benjamin Franklin. Franklin was never elected president, but was one of the Founding Fathers. He was also a leading writer and printer, political thinker, politician, postmaster, scientist, inventor, civic activist and diplomat. III - a. 雑知識
休みを取る take a day off ※I decided to take a day off on Friday to get a thorough physical checkup. 休憩する take a break ※You've been working for three straight hours. Why don't we take a break for a cup of tea? 昼寝をする take a nap ※My grandfather takes a nap after lunch every day. ずる休みする play hooky ※My friend and I played hooky from school and went fishing yesterday. III-c. News Glossary Northern Limit Line 北方限界線 Three weeks ago, the South Korean Navy fired warning shots at a North Korean fishing boat after the vessel strayed across the Northern Limit Line, as the sea border is also known. 韓国海軍は3週間前(11月3日)、北方境界線(NLL)としても知られる海の境界線を越えた北朝鮮の漁船に向かって警告射撃を行った。 IV. Jokes a. A few weeks after our office bought expensive handheld organisers for everyone, our director asked an assistant at a staff meeting for the date of an upcoming event. Proudly flipping open her new PDA, she announced the date, then flipped it close again. "Are you sure about that?" he said. "Of course," she said. And with that. she reopened her PDA and handed the director the sticky note she had affixed to the screen with all the upcoming meeting listed on it. b. While prosecuting a robbery case, I interviewed the arresting officer. My first question: "Did you see the defendant at the scene?" "Yes, from a block away," the officer said. "Was the area well lit?" "No. It was pretty dark." "Then how could you identify the defendant?" I asked, concerned. Looking at me as if I were nuts, he answered, "I'd recognise my cousin anywhere." c. Sign outside a pub: "Do not drop your cigarette butt on the floor. It burns the hands and knees of customers when they leave." d. "Men like to barbecue," says Rita Rudner. "Men will cook if danger is involved." e. "Yes, alcohol kills brain cells, but it's very selective," insists P. J. O'Rourke. "It only kills the brain cells that contain good sense, shame, embarrassment, and restraint." f. "The Wall Street Journal reports that two million people got married because of someone they met online. The bad news; Four million got divorced because of someone they met online." |