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資料No. ： NS110119
I-1 TOEIC, TOEFL練習問題 (1) TOEIC １. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 To my regret, not only Mr. Wilson but also his boss _______ on a business trip then. (A) were (B) had been (C) has been (D) was 2. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Like the tropical forests _______ they are frequently compared, reefs are repositories of vast biological wealth. (A) to which (B) in order (C) with that (D) in which 3. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 She _______ that she had forgotten to mail the letters. (A) permitted (B) admitted (C) attempted (D) acquitted 4. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 It _______ be better if you transfer the funds directly to our bank. (A) could (B) might (C) shall (D) perhaps 5. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 This is to _______ you that our Nagoya office will open in May. (A) impress (B) announce (C) inform (D) address 6. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 One of the biggest problems is the _______ of sufficient funding. (A) lack (B) desire (C) amount (D) needing 7. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Margaret could not meet Mr. Smith at the station, so she _______ to the office instead. (A) has never been (B) has been (C) had not gone (D) had to go (2) TOEFL 1. 空所補充問題 Actor Walter Matthau, ----- lived from 1920 to 2000, was born Walter Matuschanskavasky. (A) that (B) him (C) he (D) who 2. 空所補充問題 Contributions to the origins of letter "i" can be traced ----- to an ancient Egyptian hieroglyph showing the shape of a hand. (A) up (B) back (C) out (D) in 3. 空所補充問題 ----- a playwright and self-declared genius known for his incisive social comedies and his witty aphorisms exposing the ironies of life and hypocrisies of Victorian society. (A) Oscar Wilde being (B) Oscar Wilde (C) Being Oscar Wilde (D) Oscar Wilde was 4. 空所補充問題 If it hadn't been for the invention of the internal-combustion engine, the need for fuel oil ----- such an important geopolitical factor. (A) would become (B) may not become (C) might not have become (D) didn't become 5. 空所補充問題 Exposure to sunlight causes minor damage to the skin, stimulates the production of protective pigment cells, and ----- the synthesis of certain vitamins. (A) to promote (B) promotes (C) promoting (D) promoted 6. 正誤問題 FM, (A)its frequency modulation makes possible broadcasts (B)with less static interference (C)than broadcasts using AM, (D)which stands for amplitude modulation. (A) its (B) with (C) than (D) which 7. 正誤問題 (A)Physical health is only one aspect of (B)a well-lived life, which also has social, (C)philosophically and emotional (D)components. 8. 正誤問題 (A)A first driver to reach (B)a speed of over 100 kilometers (C)did so in (D)an electric powered car in 1899. 9. 正誤問題 The printing technique (A)used to deposit conductive materials (B)on the ceramic surfaces of computer chips (C)are (D)not unlike those used in the graphic arts. 10. 正誤問題 In 1900, New York readers (A)could choose (B)between 15 major city newspapers, (C)compared (D)only a few today. I-2 TOEIC, TOEFL 練習問題解答 (1) TOEIC １. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 To my regret, not only Mr. Wilson but also his boss _______ on a business trip then. (A) were (B) had been (C) has been (D) was 訳：残念なことに、ウィルソン氏だけでなく、彼の上司までもが、そのとき出張中であった。 ※正解(D)。《解説》相関接続詞not only A but also B「AだけでなくBもまた」の構文では、これが主語に来た場合、動詞はBに一致させる。Bにあたるのは、ここではhis boss「彼の上司」で単数名詞である。なお、then「そのとき」があるので、時制は過去形が適当で、(B) や (C) の完了時制は不適当。 2. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Like the tropical forests _______ they are frequently compared, reefs are repositories of vast biological wealth. (A) to which (B) in order (C) with that (D) in which 訳：よく比較される熱帯の森林のように、珊瑚礁はおびただしい生物の宝庫である。 ※正解(A)。《解説》comparedはbe compared to[with] 〜の形で「〜と比較される」の意味になる。the tropical forests「熱帯の森林」を先行詞とする関係代名詞を空所に入れることになるが、この場合compared につく前置詞（toないしwith）が関係代名詞の前に場所を移す形になる。 《選択肢》 (C) は関係詞のthatはその前に前置詞を置くことはできないので誤り。 3. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 She _______ that she had forgotten to mail the letters. (A) permitted (B) admitted (C) attempted (D) acquitted 訳：彼女は手紙を出すのを忘れたことを認めました。 ※正解(B)。「認める」の意味の動詞を選びます。permit は「許可する」。attempt は「試みる」。acquit は「釈放する」。admit は通例自分に都合の悪いことをしぶしぶ認めるような場合に用いられます。 4. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 It _______ be better if you transfer the funds directly to our bank. (A) could (B) might (C) shall (D) perhaps 訳：資金を直接当行に移しかえていただいた方が良いかもしれません。 ※正解(B)。まず、perhaps は副詞であるので、ここには入らない（後ろに原形の be があるので）ことを理解したい。後は意味上どれが一番適切かを判断するしかありません。 5. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 This is to _______ you that our Nagoya office will open in May. (A) impress (B) announce (C) inform (D) address 訳：当社名古屋支店が 5 月に開店することをお知らせいたします。 ※正解(Ｃ)。impress と address は意味上不自然。announce は announce that ... の形をとるか、または announce the opening of ... の形であれば可。inform は動詞＋目的語＋ that ... の形をとることができる。 6. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 One of the biggest problems is the _______ of sufficient funding. (A) lack (B) desire (C) amount (D) needing 訳：最大の問題のひとつは充分な資金の不足です。 ※正解(A)。「不足」の意味になるものは lack しかありません。desire は「欲求」、amount は「量」、needing については、need だけであれば、in need of ... の形で、「…を必要としている」という意味があります。 7. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Margaret could not meet Mr. Smith at the station, so she _______ to the office instead. (A) has never been (B) has been (C) had not gone (D) had to go 訳：マーガレットは駅でスミス氏に会うことができなかったので、代わりにオフィスまで行かなければならなかった。 ※正解(D)。《解説》「駅で会うことができなかったので、その代わりに〜」という内容をよく留意して、空所に入れる語を選ぶこと。(D) を選べば「代わりにオフィスまで行かなければならなかった」という意味になり適当。 《選択肢》(A) の has never been (to 〜）は「（〜へ）行ったことがない」、(B) の has been (to 〜）は「（〜へ）行ったことがある」 (2) TOEFL 1. 空所補充問題 Actor Walter Matthau, ----- lived from 1920 to 2000, was born Walter Matuschanskavasky. (A) that (B) him (C) he (D) who ※正解(D)。【解説】 この文の動詞はwasである。このことから空所には関係代名詞whoが入ることが分かる。空所の前にカンマ(,)があるのでthatは使えない。 2. 空所補充問題 Contributions to the origins of letter "i" can be traced ----- to an ancient Egyptian hieroglyph showing the shape of a hand. (A) up (B) back (C) out (D) in ※正解(B)。【解説】 be traced back to... で「 ... にさかのぼる」の意味になるので正解は(B)。hieroglyph「象形文字」。 3. 空所補充問題 ----- a playwright and self-declared genius known for his incisive social comedies and his witty aphorisms exposing the ironies of life and hypocrisies of Victorian society. (A) Oscar Wilde being (B) Oscar Wilde (C) Being Oscar Wilde (D) Oscar Wilde was ※正解(D)。【解説】 この文の動詞は何か？空所以降には動詞は見あたらない。(D) Oscar Wilde wasのwasがこの文の動詞になる。aphorism「金言」、hypocrisy「偽善」。 4. 空所補充問題 If it hadn't been for the invention of the internal-combustion engine, the need for fuel oil ----- such an important geopolitical factor. (A) would become (B) may not become (C) might not have become (D) didn't become ※正解(Ｃ)。【解説】 If it hadn't been for... と仮定法の過去完了になっているので、might not have becomeを空所に入れれば「……がなかったら、〜にならなかったかも知れない」という意味になる。internal-combustion engine「内燃機関」。 5. 空所補充問題 Exposure to sunlight causes minor damage to the skin, stimulates the production of protective pigment cells, and ----- the synthesis of certain vitamins. (A) to promote (B) promotes (C) promoting (D) promoted ※正解(B)。【解説】 この文には動詞が３つある。causes、stimulates、さらにもう１つ空所に入るpromotesである。exposure「さらされること」、pigment「色素」、synthesis「合成」。 6. 正誤問題 FM, (A)its frequency modulation makes possible broadcasts (B)with less static interference (C)than broadcasts using AM, (D)which stands for amplitude modulation. (A) its (B) with (C) than (D) which ※正解(A)。【解説】 its → or。frequency modulationはFMのこと。したがって、itsではなくorを使う。前置詞with、less... than、関係代名詞whichの用法に問題はない。 7. 正誤問題 (A)Physical health is only one aspect of (B)a well-lived life, which also has social, (C)philosophically and emotional (D)components. ※正解(Ｃ)。【解説】 philosophically → philosophical。social, philosophically and emotionalに注目。philosophicallyだけが副詞になっている。ここでは他の２つの形容詞に形式を統一してphilosophicalにしなくてはいけない。 8. 正誤問題 (A)A first driver to reach (B)a speed of over 100 kilometers (C)did so in (D)an electric powered car in 1899. ※正解(A)。【解説】 A → The。文頭のA first driver to... は「……した最初のドライバー」の意味になる。冠詞AはTheにしなくてはいけない。 9. 正誤問題 The printing technique (A)used to deposit conductive materials (B)on the ceramic surfaces of computer chips (C)are (D)not unlike those used in the graphic arts. ※正解(Ｃ)。【解説】 are → is。used toの前にはthat/which isが略されている。前置詞onとnot unlike「変わりはない」に問題はない。この文の主語は単数The printing techniqueなので、areはそれに呼応してisになる。 10. 正誤問題 In 1900, New York readers (A)could choose (B)between 15 major city newspapers, (C)compared (D)only a few today. ※正解(Ｃ)。【解説】 compared → compared to。comparedに注目。compared to... とtoを付け足せば「……と比べて」の意味になる。 II.時事英文 Faces found on American money (その2：全4回シリーズ) Another of America's greatest presidents, Abraham Lincoln, is on the five-dollar bill. He served as the sixteenth president from eighteen sixty-one until eighteen sixty-five. He successfully led the country through the Civil War, saved the Union and ended slavery. The picture of Alexander Hamilton appears on the ten-dollar bill. Hamilton was never president. But he was the first Secretary of the Treasury and one of the Founding Fathers. He was also an economist and political philosopher. III - a. 雑知識
III -b. 英語でどう言う？ 気取る put on airs ※Although Mr. Suzuki has a very important position in the top-ranked company, he doesn't put on airs at all. 負け惜しみを言う cry sour grapes ※Whenever he loses a tennis match, Hiroshi cries sour grapes. プライドを捨てる swallow one's pride ※The presi8dent of the bankrupt company swallowed his pride and asked for financial help. 偉そうな態度をとる act big ※I don't like John because he acts big for a newly hired employee. III-c. News Glossary enhanced pat-downs 念入りなボディチェック Critics have blasted the Transportation Security Administration for putting passengers through graphic body scanners and enhanced pat-downs - technology and political pressure may move American scanners in a more G-rated direction. 米運輸保安局(TSA)が乗客に対して、体の細部まで透視できる全身スキャナーを通過させたり、触手による念入りな身体検査を実施していることに批判が噴出している。技術(の進歩)と政治的圧力により、米国のスキャナーは、(プライバシーを侵害しない)より無難な方向へ転換していくかもしれない。 G-ratedのGは、アメリカ映画の格付けで使われるGeneral (一般向けの)のことで、R (Restricted = 17歳以下は保護者同伴)と区別されます。つまり、現行の全身スキャナーを露骨な画像を映す成人向け映画にたとえ、G-ratedのような無難な装置への移行について言及しているのです。 IV. Jokes a. The wheel of my grocery cart was making a horrible scraping sound as I rolled it through the supermarket. Nevertheless, when I finished my shopping and saw a cart-less woman, I offered it up, explaining, "It makes an awful noise, but it works." "That's OK," she said, taking it. "I have a husband at home like that." b. I was sprawled on the living-room couch watching my favorite show on the Food Network when my husband walked in. "Why do you watch those food shows?" he asked. "You don't even cook." Glaring back at him, I asked, "Then why do you watch football?" c. I was standing at the bus stop behind two old women when a very scruffy teenager strolled past,. One lady turned to the other and said. "That's Nigel. I overheard his mum saying that he was taking up hang-gliding." "Good God," replied her companion. "The birds will think the scarecrows are coming up after them." d. Halfway through a romantic dinner, my husband smiled and said, "You look so beautiful under these lights," I was falling in love all over again when he added, "We gotta get some of these lights." e. I just got a GPS for my car, and my first trip with it was to a store. Since the manual said not to leave it in the car unattended, I brought it with me. While in the store, the GPS came alive, and a voice stated, "Lost satellite contact." I wasn't embarrassed until a woman turned to me and said, "Your ankle bracelet monitor is talking to you." f. My husband and I were on a flight to San Diego, he on business, me to continue on to a different city. As the plane arrived in San Diego, he collected his things, kissed me goodbye and left with the other departing passengers. "That's sweet," said the woman sitting next to us, "I always just drop mine at the kerb." |