|
資料No. ： NS110112
I-1 TOEIC, TOEFL練習問題 (1) TOEIC １. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 You can count on John as a _______ spokesman for labor in the wage-raise negotiations. (A) season (B) seasonable (C) seasoned (D) seasonal 2. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 James rushed off to the sales meeting in _______ a hurry he forgot his documents. (A) such (B) that (C) order (D) what 3. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 The trouble with the computer will be solved only _______ we install a new hard disk. (A) that (B) though (C) if (D) what 4. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 If your clothes _______ and you don't trust yourself to clean them up, our readers say the best place to go is Della's Cleaners. (A) had stained (B) are staining (C) are stained (D) would stain 5. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 By April of next year, the majority of blue-collar workers _______ on strike at least once. (A) will have gone (B) have gone (C) will be going (D) had been going 6. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Women are significantly _______ likely to die after heart bypass surgery than men, says a study released Wednesday. (A) much (B) more (C) most (D) mostly 7. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 If the decision isn't favorable to us, please let me know as soon as possible so I can contact _______ companies. (A) another (B) other (C) others (D) either (2) TOEFL 1. 空所補充問題 Proponents of cosmetic surgery construe it ----- an effective solution to problems of low self esteem. (A) for (B) to (C) as (D) of 2. 空所補充問題 According to the theory of economic "hollowing", a nation's economy is weakened when it ----- greater growth in service industries than in manufacturing industries. (A) experience (B) experiences (C) to experience (D) experiencing 3. 空所補充問題 Scientists now believe that somewhere on earth there ----- a catastrophic impact with an asteroid about 65 million years ago. (A) must (B) must be (C) must have (D) must have been 4. 空所補充問題 The first sporting event to be filmed was a boxing match ----- Jack Cushing and Mike Leonard in 1894, shot by Thomas Edison himself. (A) in (B) over (C) through (D) between 5. 空所補充問題 The pristine waters of Antarctica were fouled by an oil spill in 1989 for the first time ----- history. (A) on (B) in (C) at (D) of 6. 正誤問題 (A)For obvious reasons, it is considered (B)unethical for a student to have someone else (C)to write his or her term (D)papers. 7. 正誤問題 Trees are (A)the important part of the ecosystem, (B)since (C)they absorb the carbon dioxide (D)emitted by animals, and emit the oxygen animals need. 8. 正誤問題 (A)Almost doctors recommend (B)that patients avoid (C)indulging in smoking, excessive drinking and (D)a diet high in salt, sugar and fat. 9. 正誤問題 Ancient Greek (A)chronicler Herodotus traveled (B)to the far (C)reaches of the known world of the time and recorded (D)vast amount of information. 10. 正誤問題 Numerologists claim to (A)be able to judge character and (B)foretelling the future (C)through mathematical analysis of (D)known events. I-2 TOEIC, TOEFL 練習問題解答 (1) TOEIC １. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 You can count on John as a _______ spokesman for labor in the wage-raise negotiations. (A) season (B) seasonable (C) seasoned (D) seasonal 訳：賃上げ交渉の際、労働者側の経験豊かな代弁者としてあなたがたはジョンを頼りにできる。 ※正解(Ｃ)。《解説》空所に入れる語でspokesman「代弁者」を修飾させて名詞句を作ることになる。すなわち、count on John as 〜（名詞句）で「ジョンを〜として頼りにする」という表現を完成させる。(C) のseasonedは「経験豊かな、熟した」という意味の形容詞。 《選択肢》seasonable「（天候）季節にふさわしい」, seasonal「季節的な」 2. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 James rushed off to the sales meeting in _______ a hurry he forgot his documents. (A) such (B) that (C) order (D) what 訳：ジェームズはあまりに急いで営業会議に出かけたので、書類を忘れてきた。 ※正解(A)。《解説》James rushed off to the sales meeting「ジェームズは急いで営業会議に出かけた」という文とhe forgot his documents「ジェームズは書類を忘れた」という2つの文をうまく結べるかどうか。suchを選んで、such 〜 that ...「あまりにも〜なので…」の相関表現（thatはhurryとheの間で省略）を作れば、内容的にも適当である。 《選択肢》in order (that) 「（that以下）のために」 3. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 The trouble with the computer will be solved only _______ we install a new hard disk. (A) that (B) though (C) if (D) what 訳：そのコンピュータのトラブルは、新しいハードディスクを入れない限り解決しない。 ※正解(Ｃ)。《解説》The trouble with the computer「コンピュータのトラブル」が主語。installは「（装置など）を取り付ける」の意味。only ifは「〜する場合だけ」の意味。すなわち、「〜をinstallする場合だけ解決される→〜しない限り解決しない」という内容の文となる。なお、if only 〜「〜しさえすれば」と混同しないこと。 4. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 If your clothes _______ and you don't trust yourself to clean them up, our readers say the best place to go is Della's Cleaners. (A) had stained (B) are staining (C) are stained (D) would stain 訳：服を汚して、自分で洗濯する自信がないときに読者が一番に薦める店はデラのクリーニング店です。 ※正解(Ｃ)。《解説》雑誌か新聞の「良い店紹介コーナー」からとったと思われる文。If節があると、すぐ仮定法の文を作るのかという誤解もよくあるが、ここでは「単なる条件」を表すIf節で、動詞の時制は現在形でよい。stainは「〜を汚す」という意味の他動詞であるが、ここではyour clothesが主語になっているので、受け身にする。 5. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 By April of next year, the majority of blue-collar workers _______ on strike at least once. (A) will have gone (B) have gone (C) will be going (D) had been going 訳：来年の4月までに、大多数の工場労働者が少なくとも1度はストライキをするだろう。 ※正解(A)。《解説》着眼する語句はBy April of next year「来年の4月までには」。go on(a) strikeは「ストライキに入る」の意味。したがって、ポイントは「〜までには、ストライキに入っているだろう」という未来完了の文を作ることになる。未来完了は「will＋have＋過去分詞」の形が基本。 《選択肢》それぞれ (B) は現在完了、(C) は未来進行形、(D) は過去完了進行形。 6. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Women are significantly _______ likely to die after heart bypass surgery than men, says a study released Wednesday. (A) much (B) more (C) most (D) mostly 訳：水曜日に公表された研究によると、女性は男性よりも心臓のバイパス手術を受けて死亡する確率が相当高い。 ※正解(B)。《解説》全体としては、比較構文であることに注意。be likely to doで「〜しやすい」の意味になるが、この文では女性と男性を比べて、「女性は男性よりも〜で死亡しやすい」という内容。したがって、likelyの比較級を作ることになる。heart bypass surgery「心臓バイパス手術」、release「公表する」。 《選択肢》mostは最上級を作る他「大部分の」の意味で使われる。mostlyは副詞で「大部分は」の意味。 7. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 If the decision isn't favorable to us, please let me know as soon as possible so I can contact _______ companies. (A) another (B) other (C) others (D) either 訳：だめな場合は他の会社を当たりますので、できるだけ早くお知らせください。 ※正解(B)。《解説》ポイントは不定代名詞another, otherの使い方。anotherは「an ＋ other」で単数の可算名詞につけて、「 もう1つの, もう1人の」の意味。ここでは後ろにくる語はcompaniesと複数名詞であるからanotherはあり得ない。otherは形容詞として使うときは、「他の, 別の」の意味で複数名詞の前につける。 (2) TOEFL 1. 空所補充問題 Proponents of cosmetic surgery construe it ----- an effective solution to problems of low self esteem. (A) for (B) to (C) as (D) of ※正解(Ｃ)。【解説】 construe〜as ... で「〜を…ｂ…と解釈する」の意味になる。proponent「支持者」、self esteem「自尊心」。 2. 空所補充問題 According to the theory of economic "hollowing", a nation's economy is weakened when it ----- greater growth in service industries than in manufacturing industries. (A) experience (B) experiences (C) to experience (D) experiencing ※正解(Ｂ)。【解説】 空所にはwhen節の動詞が入ることになるので(B) experiencesが正解となる。hollowing「空洞化」。 3. 空所補充問題 Scientists now believe that somewhere on earth there ----- a catastrophic impact with an asteroid about 65 million years ago. (A) must (B) must be (C) must have (D) must have been ※正解(D)。【解説】 文末のabout 65 million years agoからわかるように空所には過去の出来事を表す語句が入るはずである。(D) must have beenを空所に入れれば「隕石による壊滅的な衝突があったに違いない」という意味になる。 4. 空所補充問題 The first sporting event to be filmed was a boxing match ----- Jack Cushing and Mike Leonard in 1894, shot by Thomas Edison himself. (A) in (B) over (C) through (D) between ※正解(D)。【解説】 空所の後にandを挟んでJack CushingとMike Leonardが並んでいる点に注目。正解は(D) betweenである。 5. 空所補充問題 The pristine waters of Antarctica were fouled by an oil spill in 1989 for the first time ----- history. (A) on (B) in (C) at (D) of ※正解(B)。【解説】 for the first time in historyで「歴史上で初めて」の意味になる。pristine「自然のままの、原始時代の」、foul「汚す」。 6. 正誤問題 (A)For obvious reasons, it is considered (B)unethical for a student to have someone else (C)to write his or her term (D)papers. ※正解(Ｃ)。【解説】 to write → write/writing。前置詞for、unethical「非倫理的な」の用法に問題はない。「have+人+動詞原形」で「（人に）させる、してもらう」の意味になるのでtoは必要ない。この場合のpaper「レポート、論文」は可算名詞である。 7. 正誤問題 Trees are (A)the important part of the ecosystem, (B)since (C)they absorb the carbon dioxide (D)emitted by animals, and emit the oxygen animals need. ※正解(A)。【解説】 the → an。「一部分」を表す場合にはthe part ofではなくa part ofを用いる。接続詞since、treesを受けるtheyの用法に問題はない。emitted by ... の前にはthat/which isが略されている。ecosystem「生態系」、carbon dioxide「二酸化炭素」、emit「放出する」。 8. 正誤問題 (A)Almost doctors recommend (B)that patients avoid (C)indulging in smoking, excessive drinking and (D)a diet high in salt, sugar and fat. ※正解(A)。【解説】 Almost → Most。文頭のAlmostに注目。「ほとんどの ... は」と言う場合には、AlmostではなくMostを用いる。indulge in ... 「……にふける、おぼれる」。 9. 正誤問題 Ancient Greek (A)chronicler Herodotus traveled (B)to the far (C)reaches of the known world of the time and recorded (D)vast amount of information. ※正解(D)。【解説】 vast → a vast。chronicler「年代記作者」、traveled to ... 「 ……に旅した」に問題はない。この場合のreachは名詞でfar reachesで「はるか彼方」の意味。amount「量」は可算名詞なのでvastの前には冠詞aが必要である。 10. 正誤問題 Numerologists claim to (A)be able to judge character and (B)foretelling the future (C)through mathematical analysis of (D)known events. ※正解(B)。【解説】 foretelling → foretell。be able toに問題はない。foretellingはjudge同様be able toの後に続いているのでここではforetellingではなく原形foretellを用いる。throughは「……によって」、knownは「既知の」という意味。numerologists「数占い師」。 II.時事英文 Faces found on American money (その1：全4回シリーズ) Our listener question this week comes from Iraqi Kurdistan. Farman Salih wants to know about the men whose pictures are on American paper money and why they were important. The picture of George Washington is on the one-dollar bill. He served as America's first president from seventeen eighty-nine to seventeen ninety-seven. President Washington has been called the "Father of his Country." The third president of the United States, Thomas Jefferson, is on the two-dollar bill. He was the main writer of the Declaration of Independence in seventeen seventy-six. Jefferson was one of the most influential of the nation's Founding Fathers. He was also a plant expert, architect, musician and inventor. III - a. 雑知識
III -b. 英語でどう言う？ うとうとする nod off ※Mr. Sato was so tired that he nodded off a few times during the meeting this morning. あくびをかみ殺す suppress a yarn ※Hiromi covered her mouth as she suppressed a yarn. 熟睡する sleep soundly ※I prompyly fell onto the bed and slept soundly all night long. 寝ながらよだれを垂らす drool in one's sleep ※My youngest son has a tendency to drool in his sleep. III-c. News Glossary competitive devaluation of currencies 通貨安競争 In their final statement, the APEC leaders agreed to refrain from competitive devaluation of currencies and said it was critical to establish more balanced and sustainable growth, echoing the language of the G-20 summit that ended on Nov. 12. 11月12日に閉幕したG20サミットの宣言文を反映し、APEC首脳は会議の最終日に採択した宣言で、通貨の競争的な切り下げ回避に合意し、より均衡のとれた持続可能な成長を確保することが重要だとの認識を明記した。 IV. Jokes a. Politics is the art of looking for trouble, finding it everywhere, diagnosing it incorrectly, and applying the wrong remedies. b. Too sick to go to school, my two grandsons were spending the day with me. Nine-year-old Kevin asked if I was going to get paid for babysitting them. When I said no, 11-year-old Stephen said, "That's part of the job description of being a Grandma." c. Six-year-old Dylan, my youngest boy, was having trouble adjusting to going to school every day for Year One. "Mum, I've got a secret to tell you," he said, so I bent down to listen. "I cried at school yesterday and told the teacher I missed my mum." "What did your teacher say?" I asked. "She whispered to me, 'I miss my mum, too!'" d. Our three-year-old neighbor, Ryan, had a habit of "escaping" from his home, naked. One morning I was chatting in the driveway with his mother when Ryan once again came out of the house naked and climbed on his tricycle. As he rode towards us, his dad appeared on the scene, looked at Ryan and chastised: "Ryan, you should have your helmet on!" e. A few days after our friends brought their baby girl from the hospital, my husband, our eight-month-old son and I went over for a visit. We were halfway up their driveway when the front door flew open and their three-year-son, Reese, stood there, his hand in the air like a police officer stopping traffic. "We already have a baby here!" he informed us. |