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資料No. ： NS101201
I-1 TOEIC, TOEFL練習問題 (1) TOEIC １. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 The estimate we agreed upon was _______ of the two. (A) a lower (B) the lower (C) the lowest (D) the most lowest 2. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 When it comes to the atmosphere, this restaurant is not _______ as the one we went to last week. (A) as good (B) so better (C) more better (D) such the best 3. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 _______ he survived such a terrible accident is a mystery to us. (A) As (B) How (C) Though (D) Therefore 4. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 A man in a black coat _______ me of my wallet. (A) attacked (B) stole (C) robbed (D) asked 5. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 _______ our opinion, it would be better to ship them by air. (A) In (B) For (C) Of (D) As 6. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Your prompt _______ to our proposal would be highly appreciated. (A) respond (B) response (C) to respond (D) responded 7. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Let them _______ as they like. They'll never listen to us. (A) do (B) to do (C) to be doing (D) to have done (2) TOEFL 1. 空所補充問題 The cotton gin, invented by Eli Whitney, ----- a quick and easy way to separate the seeds from cotton fibers. (A) provided by (B) was provided (C) provided (D) to provide 2. 空所補充問題 In 1621, the government of the Netherlands chartered the Dutch West India Company after ----- by a group of Dutch merchants. (A) it was formed (B) they formed it (C) it formed them (D) it formed 3. 空所補充問題 Laramie, Wyoming, was named after the American fur trapper who explored the southeastern part of the state ----- than 200 years ago. (A) most (B) many (C) much (D) more 4. 空所補充問題 People with supposed psychokinetic powers claim ----- of moving, heating or deforming objects without touching them. (A) how to be capable (B) be capable (C) to be capable (D) being capable 5. 空所補充問題 Gold is a soft metal that has chemical inertness and electrical conductivity among ----- most important attributes. (A) its (B) it (C) that (D) which 6. 正誤問題 Scurvy, gout and other (A)ill common (B)until the mid-19th century are the product of (C)an unbalanced (D)diet. 7. 正誤問題 Signal mirrors can be used (A)in clear daylight conditions to send (B)coded messages (C)using the (D)reflective light of the sun. 8. 正誤問題 (A)Courage is defined (B)as not a lack of fear, (C)but rather an ability to feel fear and remain (D)unintimidated. 9. 正誤問題 As legend has (A(it, Roman Emperor Nero was so (B)unconcerned about the ordinary people that he continued (C)to play music as fires (D)they raged in the capital. 10. 正誤問題 Plants (A)that blossom, produce seeds and (B)dying (C)within a single growing season are known (D)as annuals. I-2 TOEIC, TOEFL 練習問題解答 (1) TOEIC １. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 The estimate we agreed upon was _______ of the two. (A) a lower (B) the lower (C) the lowest (D) the most lowest 訳：2つの提示額のうち、話がまとまったのは安いほうの見積りだった。 ※正解(B)。【着眼点】空所の後のof the twoに注目。2者間の比較で「より〜なほう」という文脈であるから (C) や (D) は不可だが、(D) のほうは最上級のlowestにmostがついていることからしても問題外。なお、(D) のような組み合わせは誤文訂正問題ではよく出されている。(A) は冠詞のaが問題。「2つのうちのより〜なほう」のように指し示す対象が1つに定まる文脈ではtheを用いる。 2. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 When it comes to the atmosphere, this restaurant is not _______ as the one we went to last week. (A) as good (B) so better (C) more better (D) such the best 訳：雰囲気ということで言えば、このレストランは先週行ったレストランほどは良くない。 ※正解(A)。【着眼点】比較の対象がas the oneとasで導入されているから原級比較であり、(A) を選ぶことになる。oneはここではrestaurantをくり返す代わりに用いられた代用表現。when it comes to 〜 は「〜に関して言えば、〜という点になると」の意の慣用表現。 3. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 _______ he survived such a terrible accident is a mystery to us. (A) As (B) How (C) Though (D) Therefore 訳：あんな大事故に遭いながら彼がどうやって助かったのか不思議だ。 ※正解(B)。【着眼点】he survived such a terrible accidentは、これ自体が文として独立できる構造を備えており、その後には「is（Ｖ）＋a mystery（Ｃ）＋to us（副詞句）」という主語を欠く構造が続いている。このことから文頭にはhe ... accidentの節全体を主語として機能できる名詞節にまとめ上げる語が要求されているとわかる。そして、それが可能なのはhowだけである（ → how ... = いかにして…したかというその方法）。 4. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 A man in a black coat _______ me of my wallet. (A) attacked (B) stole (C) robbed (D) asked 訳：黒いコートを着た男が私の財布を奪いました。 ※正解(Ｃ)。「奪う、盗む」という意味の動詞が入るのではないかということは比較的容易に察しがつきます。だからといって、安易に(B)stole を選んではいけません。単語の用法が違うのです。動詞＋人＋ of ＋物の形をとる「奪う」でなければなりません。 5. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 _______ our opinion, it would be better to ship them by air. (A) In (B) For (C) Of (D) As 訳：私たちの意見では、航空便で発送したほうがよいでしょう。 ※正解(A)。「私の意見では」という表現を、英語でそのまま覚えておくのが最も近道です。opinion に対しての前置詞が何になるのかを理屈で覚えようとしてもなかなか理解しきれるものではありません。 6. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Your prompt _______ to our proposal would be highly appreciated. (A) respond (B) response (C) to respond (D) responded 訳：当社の提案に早急にお返事願えれば幸いです。 ※正解(B)。ビジネス・レターでよく使用される文です。Your の後ろには名詞があることが予想されますが、prompt の品詞を見極めることがまず大切です。これが「迅速な」の意味の形容詞であることが分かれば、その後ろに名詞がこなければいけないことが明らかになります。 7. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Let them _______ as they like. They'll never listen to us. (A) do (B) to do (C) to be doing (D) to have done 訳：彼らのしたいようにさせよう。私たちの言うことなんて聞かないだろうから。 ※正解(A)。「…させてあげる」の意味の使役動詞 let は、let ＋目的語＋原形動詞の形をとります。 (2) TOEFL 1. 空所補充問題 The cotton gin, invented by Eli Whitney, ----- a quick and easy way to separate the seeds from cotton fibers. (A) provided by (B) was provided (C) provided (D) to provide ※正解(Ｃ)。【解説】 inventedの前にはwhich wasが略されている。空所にはこの文の動詞が入ることになるので、他動詞providedが正解となる。cotton gin「綿繰り機」。 2. 空所補充問題 In 1621, the government of the Netherlands chartered the Dutch West India Company after ----- by a group of Dutch merchants. (A) it was formed (B) they formed it (C) it formed them (D) it formed ※正解(A)。【解説】 空所の後にby... があるので、after以下は受け身の文になると考えるのが妥当である。it was formed by... にすると「……により作られた」の意味になり文が成立する。itはthe Dutch West India Companyのことである。 3. 空所補充問題 Laramie, Wyoming, was named after the American fur trapper who explored the southeastern part of the state ----- than 200 years ago. (A) most (B) many (C) much (D) more ※正解(D)。【解説】 難しく考える必要はない。空所の後にthanがあるので正解は(D) moreになる。trapper「（わなで獲物を捕まえる）猟師」。 4. 空所補充問題 People with supposed psychokinetic powers claim ----- of moving, heating or deforming objects without touching them. (A) how to be capable (B) be capable (C) to be capable (D) being capable ※正解(Ｃ)。【解説】 claim how to be capable... では意味が通らない。また、claimの後にbeやbeingは使えない。claim to be... で「……であると言う、主張する」の意味になる。 5. 空所補充問題 Gold is a soft metal that has chemical inertness and electrical conductivity among ----- most important attributes. (A) its (B) it (C) that (D) which ※正解(A)。【解説】 空所にit、whichが入らないのは明らか。ここはthatではなくGoldのことを指すitの所有格itsを使う。inertness「不活性（化学作用を起こさないこと）」、conductivity「伝導性」。 6. 正誤問題 Scurvy, gout and other (A)ill common (B)until the mid-19th century are the product of (C)an unbalanced (D)diet. ※正解(A)。【解説】 ill → illness。この文の主語に注目。scurvy「壊血病」、gout「痛風」と名詞が並んでいるが、その後に形容詞illが来ている。ここではillnessと名詞形にしなくてはいけない。 7. 正誤問題 Signal mirrors can be used (A)in clear daylight conditions to send (B)coded messages (C)using the (D)reflective light of the sun. ※正解(D)。【解説】 reflective → reflected。前置詞inに問題はない。coded messageは「信号（コード）化されたメッセージ」の意。using... は分詞構文で「……を使って」の意味を表す。「反射した光」はreflected lightと言う。 8. 正誤問題 (A)Courage is defined (B)as not a lack of fear, (C)but rather an ability to feel fear and remain (D)unintimidated. ※正解(B)。【解説】 as not → not as。not... but〜 の構文である。asとratherの位置に注目。...is defined not as ... but rather〜とすれば「……としてでなく、むしろ〜と定義される」という意味になる。unintimidated「怖がらない」。 9. 正誤問題 As legend has (A(it, Roman Emperor Nero was so (B)unconcerned about the ordinary people that he continued (C)to play music as fires (D)they raged in the capital. ※正解(D)。【解説】 they → カット。As legend has itは「伝説にあるように」、be unconcerned about ... は「……に無関心である」の意味。continuedの後のto不定詞に問題はない。as節の主語はfiresである。したがって、theyは不必要。 10. 正誤問題 Plants (A)that blossom, produce seeds and (B)dying (C)within a single growing season are known (D)as annuals. ※正解(B)。【解説】 dying → die。関係代名詞thatの後にblossom「花が咲く」、produce seeds「種ができる」と動詞が２つ並んでいる点に注目。andの後には、当然、動詞dieを使う。 II.時事英文 Panama Canal (その10：全14回シリーズ) Theodore Roosevelt, left, stands with Manuel Amador, center "Yesterday, we were slaves of Colombia. Today, we are free. President Theodore Roosevelt has kept his word. Long live the Republic of Panama! Long live President Roosevelt!" Colombia asked the United States to help it re-gain control of Panama. The United States refused. It said it would oppose any attempt by Colombia to send more forces there. The United States also recognized Panama's independence. And, almost immediately, it started negotiations with the new government on a canal treaty. III - a. 雑知識
III -b. 英語でどう言う？ 度忘れする forget for the moment ※I have forgotten the name of his dog for the moment. I'll remember it soon. のどまで出かかる be on the tip of on e's tongue ※What's her name? It's on the tip of my tongue. ひらめくflash through one's mind ※When I was taking a walk along the river, a wonderful idea flashed through my mind. 物思いにふける be lost in thought ※Megumi was deeply lost in thought and didn't notice me when we passed each other on the street. III-c. News Glossary biodiversity 生物多様性 The COP 10 meeting, to be held Oct. 18-29 in Nagoya, seeks to establish a strong agreement to reduce biodiversity loss around the world. 名古屋で10月18日から29日まで開催される生物多様性条約第10回締約国会議(COP 10)の狙いは、地球上の生物多様性の損失に歯止めをかけるという明確な合意に達することだ。 IV. Jokes a. Since both his parents work a night shift, before my five-year-old grandson, Christian, started kindergarten, he was taught by his mother how to set his alarm clock, how to turn it off, then to wash, dress and go to the kitchen, where breakfast would be ready. One morning, his parents were woken up when the school phoned to say Christian hadn't arrived. They rushed to his room and found him sitting on his bed, fully dressed, watching TV. "Why didn't you wake me?" his mother asked. "Why don't you get an alarm clock, like me?" was his innocent reply. b. Following news item on the internet about cancer, I was explaining to my children about the illness and its effects. This prompted my seven-year-old son, Vyas, to ask, "Mum, what causes cancer?" I said, "No-one knows exactly. Doctors are still trying to find out." He replied, "You mean even Google doesn't know?" c. For our pizza party, I had told the children they could bring a friend. Just before serving, one of the mothers asked if anyone had any allergies. A little hand went up and, in a worried voice, five-year-old Shane said, "You're not going to try to feed me penicillin, are you?" d. My seven-year-old son, Josh, was playing in his room. "And our action-figure hero is menaced by a giant cat," he yelled, waving his toy in front of our cat, Ghost, who was obligingly playing his part in the drama and batting at the toy. "Then our hero jumps on the monster cat and throws him to the ground!" Careful not to hurt his pet, Josh began patting the cat gently. Then, with a disgusted voice, he said, "Monsters don't purr!" e. Ross, my ten-year-old son, was watching a show on the Loch Ness monster, but he could not wrap his head around the mystery of its existence. Afterwards, he turned to me and said, "Mummy, if they really want to know if there's a Loch Ness monster, why don't they just drain the lake?" |