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資料No. ： NS101110
I-1 TOEIC, TOEFL練習問題 (1) TOEIC １. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 In the modern world, people are still often imprisoned merely for _______ their opinions. (A) speak (B) spoken (C) speaking (D) to speak ２. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 It suddenly began to rain, causing all the people in the park _______ for cover. (A) run (B) ran (C) to run (D) was running ３. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 I am currently studying French in the hope that my boss will _______ me to transfer to the Paris branch. (A) let (B) give (C) make (D) allow ４. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 I would rather _______ to the party tonight. (A) not to go (B) to not go (C) not going (D) not go ５. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 During my college years, I would often stay up all night _______ political issues with my roommate. (A) discuss (B) debating (C) being debated (D) discussing about ６. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 My dentist always stresses the importance of getting my teeth _______ regularly. (A) cleaned (B) cleaning (C) to clean (D) to be cleaned ７. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 We are in receipt of a check _______ by the Bank of Tokyo. (A) having issued (B) to issue (C) issuing (D) issued (2) TOEFL 1. 空所補充問題 The boll weevil is an agricultural pest ----- can have a devastating effect on agriculture, especially cotton crops. (A) it (B) what (C) that (D) they 2. 空所補充問題 In most cultures, special laws that apply only to crimes committed by children and young teens -----. (A) have been established (B) being established have (C) having been established (D) have established being 3. 空所補充問題 ----- a water-dwelling dinosaur-like 'monster' lives in the Scottish lake of Loch Ness. (A) That some believing it (B) That some believe it (C) That it is believed by some (D) It is believed by some that 4. 空所補充問題 The Chicago Daily News was founded in 1876 by Elijah Melville Stone, who was one of the greatest newspaper reporters and editors ----- time. (A) to the (B) of his (C) onto its (D) at our 5. 空所補充問題 In addition to his other achievements, Edgar Allen Poe is known ----- the first master of the short story format. (A) for (B) as (C) from (D) with 6. 正誤問題 (A)Not all citizens of a country are (B)ordinary allowed (C)to cast ballots (D)in general elections. ※正解(B)。【解説】 ordinary → ordinarily。Not all ... に問題はない。ordinaryは過去分詞allowedを修飾しているので、 7. 正誤問題 Luzon is the (A)largest of the Philippine islands, and (B)features an irregular coastline (C)that (D)include the well-sheltered Manila Bay. 8. 正誤問題 In poetry, (A)meter refers to the pattern (B)formed by the rhythms (C)created when the words are spoken or (D)sang. 9. 正誤問題 Droughts and water shortages have been (A)a part of life in the southwestern United States (B)every since Europeans (C)first began to settle (D)there. 10. 正誤問題 Optical distortions of light (A)passing through the atmosphere can (B)lead to a discrepancy (C)between the apparent position of a star and (D)their true position. I-2 TOEIC, TOEFL 練習問題解答 (1) TOEIC １. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 In the modern world, people are still often imprisoned merely for _______ their opinions. (A) speak (B) spoken (C) speaking (D) to speak 訳：現代の世界にあってもまだ、自らの思うところを口にしたというそれだけのことで投獄されるケースが多々ある。 ※正解(Ｃ)。【着眼点】空所の前が前置詞 (for) である点に注意。前置詞の目的語になれるのは動名詞 (speaking) のほうであり、to不定詞 (to speak) は不可。be imprisoned for 〜は「〜のかどで投獄される」の意。 ２. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 It suddenly began to rain, causing all the people in the park _______ for cover. (A) run (B) ran (C) to run (D) was running 訳：突然雨が降ってきたものだから、公園にいた人たちはみんな大急ぎで雨宿りできる場所をさがした。 ※正解(Ｃ)。【着眼点】「cause＋Ｏ」の後はto不定詞。「Ｓ＋cause＋Ｏ＋to 〜」は「Ｓが原因となって結果的にＯがto以下することになる」の意で、makeやhaveと違って偶発性・無意図性が含意される。 【文構造】「結果」を表す分詞構文で、｢突然の雨で、それが原因でcause以下だった」と頭から訳し下ろしていける。causingの意味上の主語はIt ... rainで述べられた出来事全体。このような構文にも慣れておきたい（→類例：At times the moon comes between the earth and the sun, causing an eclipse [=日食].）。 【選択肢】(B)や (D)だと「cause＋ (that)節」で変。 ３. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 I am currently studying French in the hope that my boss will _______ me to transfer to the Paris branch. (A) let (B) give (C) make (D) allow 訳：上司からパリ支店への転勤許可が得られることを期待して、現在フランス語の勉強に取り組んでおります。 ※正解(D)。【着眼点】空所の後が「me（目的格＝目的語）＋to transfer（to不定詞）」の形をとっている点に注意。letやmakeはＯの後に原形不定詞を従える。(B)のgiveは問題外。「allow＋Ｏ＋〜」は〜にto不定詞をとり、「Ｏが〜するのを許可［了解］する」の意。なお、Ｏの後に -ingをとる形はない（allow him to go [×going] out）こともついでに押さえておこう。 ４. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 I would rather _______ to the party tonight. (A) not to go (B) to not go (C) not going (D) not go 訳：今夜はパーティーには行かないことにしたいと思う。 ※正解(D)。【着眼点】would rather 〜は〜に原形不定詞をとる慣用表現であるから (A), (B), (C)は不可。なお、toつきにせよtoなしにせよ、不定詞の否定形は否定語を不定詞の直前に置いてつくる点にも注意。would rather not 〜は「〜しないことを望む」の意になる。 ５. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 During my college years, I would often stay up all night _______ political issues with my roommate. (A) discuss (B) debating (C) being debated (D) discussing about 訳：大学生時代はよくルームメイトと政治問題について議論を戦わせながら夜を明かしたものだ。 ※正解(B)。【着眼点】「〜しながら」という付帯状況を表す分詞構文の分詞を選ぶ問題。議論するのはだれかという分詞の意味主語は、ここでは文全体の主語であるIと一致する。 【選択肢】Iは議論する側だから (C) は不可。(D) はIとの関係においては問題ないがdiscussが他動詞であることから目的語 (political issue) との関係が不可（ → aboutは不要）。 ６. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 My dentist always stresses the importance of getting my teeth _______ regularly. (A) cleaned (B) cleaning (C) to clean (D) to be cleaned 訳：私のかかりつけの歯医者は規則正しく歯をみがくことの大切さをいつも強調する。 ※正解(A)。【着眼点】'get(ting) ＋Ｏ (my teeth) ＋_____'の _____ の位置を占める構文上の資格自体は (A), (B), (C) のいずれにもある。そこで、Ｏが _____ に対して意味上能動主語（cleanする側）か、それとも受動主語（cleanされる側）かを考えると、歯は「みがかれる」のだから (A) のcleanedが正しいとわかる。 【選択肢】getはＯの後にto不定詞をとれるが、そのto不定詞が受け身になっている (D) のような形は通例不可。 ７. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 We are in receipt of a check _______ by the Bank of Tokyo. (A) having issued (B) to issue (C) issuing (D) issued 訳：東京銀行発行の小切手を拝受いたしました。 ※正解(D)。【着眼点】checkを正しく修飾するものを選ぶ問題。check（小切手）とissue（発行する）の関係を見定めつつ、by the Bank of Tokyoのbyにも注目する。例えばThe check → issue → by ... ときたらThe check was issued by ... という文を作るのが自然であろう。checkはissueに対して意味上受動主語の関係に立つのであり、したがって (D) を選ぶことになる。 【選択肢】(A) も過去分詞のissuedを含むので一瞬気をとられるかもしれないが、(A) は全体として能動の完了形であり、having been issuedとはなっていない点に注意。 (2) TOEFL 1. 空所補充問題 The boll weevil is an agricultural pest ----- can have a devastating effect on agriculture, especially cotton crops. (A) it (B) what (C) that (D) they ※正解(Ｃ)。【解説】 空所の後にcan have... と動詞があるので、it、theyでは主語と動詞がダブルことになる。whatでは前後の文が結びつかない。関係代名詞thatを使えば文が成立する。boll weevil「メキシコワタノミゾウムシ」。 2. 空所補充問題 In most cultures, special laws that apply only to crimes committed by children and young teens -----. (A) have been established (B) being established have (C) having been established (D) have established being ※正解(A)。【解説】 special lawsがこの文の主語。thatからyoung teensまでは主語を修飾する節である。したがって、空所には動詞が入ることになるので、(B)と(C)は不可。have established beingの語順はどう見てもおかしい。正解は(A)。 3. 空所補充問題 ----- a water-dwelling dinosaur-like 'monster' lives in the Scottish lake of Loch Ness. (A) That some believing it (B) That some believe it (C) That it is believed by some (D) It is believed by some that ※正解(D)。【解説】 空所以下には主語(monster)と動詞(live)があるので、文頭にThatを使っている(A) (B) (C)では文が成立しない。正解は(D)。 4. 空所補充問題 The Chicago Daily News was founded in 1876 by Elijah Melville Stone, who was one of the greatest newspaper reporters and editors ----- time. (A) to the (B) of his (C) onto its (D) at our ※正解(B)。【解説】 「当時の」という意味にするにはどの語句を空所に入れればいいか。正解は(B)of hisである。 5. 空所補充問題 In addition to his other achievements, Edgar Allen Poe is known ----- the first master of the short story format. (A) for (B) as (C) from (D) with ※正解(B)。【解説】 be known for... は「……で有名（評判）である」の意味になる。ここはbe known as ... 「……として知られている」を用いる。 6. 正誤問題 (A)Not all citizens of a country are (B)ordinary allowed (C)to cast ballots (D)in general elections. ※正解(B)。【解説】 ordinary → ordinarily。Not all ... に問題はない。ordinaryは過去分詞allowedを修飾しているので、副詞ordinarilyにしなくてはいけない。be allowed to... 「 ……することを認める」。前置詞inの用法に誤りはない。cast ballots「投票する」。 7. 正誤問題 Luzon is the (A)largest of the Philippine islands, and (B)features an irregular coastline (C)that (D)include the well-sheltered Manila Bay. ※正解(D)。【解説】 include → includes。includeは関係代名詞thatの先行詞であるan irregular coastlineに呼応してincludesとしなければならない。 8. 正誤問題 In poetry, (A)meter refers to the pattern (B)formed by the rhythms (C)created when the words are spoken or (D)sang. ※正解(D)。【解説】 sang → sung。meter「韻律」に冠詞は必要ない。formed byとcreatedの前にはそれぞれthat/which isとthat/which areが略されている。spokenから分かるようにsangは過去分詞sungにしなければならない。 9. 正誤問題 Droughts and water shortages have been (A)a part of life in the southwestern United States (B)every since Europeans (C)first began to settle (D)there. ※正解(B)。【解説】 every → ever。a part of... 「……の一部」。everyの後にsinceが来ているので、ここではeveryではなくeverを使う。副詞first、thereに問題はない。 10. 正誤問題 Optical distortions of light (A)passing through the atmosphere can (B)lead to a discrepancy (C)between the apparent position of a star and (D)their true position. ※正解(D)。【解説】 their → its。passing throughとlead to、between... andに問題はない。theirは前のa starのことを指しているのでitsにしなくてはならない。 II.時事英文 Panama Canal (その7：全14回シリーズ) Roosevelt was ready to take over Panama to build the canal. That was not necessary. A revolt was being planned in Panama to gain independence from Colombia. The United States made no promises to support the rebels. But it wanted the rebels to succeed. Under an old treaty, Colombia had given the United States the right to prevent interference with travel across Panama. Now, the United States used the old treaty to prevent interference from Colombian troops. Several American warships were sent to Panama. III - a. 雑知識
III -b. 英語でどう言う？ 指笛を吹く whistle through one's fingers ※When the candidate took the stage, Taro whistled through his fingers along with the rest of the audience. 足を踏み鳴らす stomp one's foot ※The excited crowd clapped and stomped their feet during the band's performance. やじを飛ばす jeer ※The spectators jeered the batter when he struck out. アンコールに応えて歌う sing as an encore ※The singer sung some old hits as an encore. III-c. News Glossary policy maven with a Mr. Clean image クリーンなイメージがある政策通 Kan, who must balance the need to unify his fractious party with demands from backers who want to sideline Ozawa, tapped Okada, a policy maven with a Mr. Clean image, for the party's No. 2 post secretary-general. ｢菅首相は、選挙体制の構築と脱小沢路線を求める支持者からの要求を両立させるべく、政策通で清潔なイメージを持つ岡田氏に、党のナンバーツーである幹事長への就任を要請した｣ IV. Jokes a. My mum had not been well and when she failed to answer the phone, I feared the worst. I jumped into the car and drove quickly round to her house - only to find her sitting in her living room and in good spirits. "Why didn't you answer the telephone?" I asked. "I was worried." "Sorry, dear, I heard it ringing but I thought it was on the television." "Oh," I said, calming down. "What were you watching? One of those soap operas?" "No, dear," she replied. "Spartacus." b. My wife, a professor of medicine, has had five books published. When she finished her latest tome, I stopped at the local shop to buy some chocolate and champagne. "Are you celebrating something?" asked the shop assistant as he packed my items. "Yes," I replied proudly. "My wife just finished a book." The assistant paused for a moment. "Slow reader?" c. The restaurant we had lunch in is one business that knows how to handle dissatisfied customers. On the wall was an open bear trap and this sign: "To Register Complaint, Push Button." bear trap：スピード違反取締用レーダー装置 d. In a bid to become more energy efficient, my company recently had new movement-activated bulbs fitted in the factory toilets. A few days later, a chap who was known for sitting with a newspaper in the gents' cubicle for ages complained that the lights were not working. My office services colleague made things very clear. "The lights go out after six minutes unless they detect a motion." He explained. e. A woman looking for work hand-delivered envelopes containing her CV to all the units in our industrial estate. She would have secured job offers - if she hadn't addressed every letter to "The Human Racecourse Department." racecourse：競馬場 |