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資料No. ： NS101027
I-1 TOEIC, TOEFL練習問題 (1) TOEIC １. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 In that area a lot of people carry concealed weapons _______ being attacked by bandits. (A) in case (B) just in case (C) in any case (D) in case of 2. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 We regret that _______ the typhoon we were not able to finish the project on time. (A) due for (B) owing from (C) because of (D) because 3. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 I'm getting a little worried about Bill because I haven't heard from him _______. (A) lately (B) on late (C) nowadays (D) in these days 4. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 The new phone system will allow us to contact our branches _______. (A) directional (B) directive (C) director (D) directly 5. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 I don't think they're working _______ to finish on schedule. (A) enough fast (B) fast enough (C) quite enough fast (D) very fast enough 6. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 All new employees are required to attend _______ training course. (A) three-months (B) three-month's (C) a three-month (D) a three-months 7. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 The police thought that arson was the most _______ cause of the fire. (A) alike (B) likely (C) unlike (D) likelihood (2) TOEFL 1. 空所補充問題 ----- in domesticated pigs, only the male is known as a boar, the term is applied to both female and male wild pigs. (A) When (B) Who (C) Whether (D) While 2. 空所補充問題 The British prime ministership serves as the model ----- the analogous offices in each of the commonwealth countries. (A) as (B) for (C) on (D) at 3. 空所補充問題 In most countries, the duty ----- one's country in battle is still seen as applying exclusively to males. (A) of serving (B) to serve (C) serve (D) to serving 4. 空所補充問題 Louis Pasteur ----- so fearful of dirt and bacteria that he refused to shake hands, and he carefully wiped his plate and glass before every meal. (A) is being said to have (B) said he was being to have (C) was said having been (D) is said to have been 5. 空所補充問題 The U.S. state of South Dakota is also sometimes ----- as the Sioux State after the American Indian nation indigenous to the region. (A) to refer (B) referring (C) referred to (D) refer to 6. 正誤問題 Mushrooms are (A)fleshy, umbrella-shaped (B)fungus that have (C)long been used as (D)food. 7. 正誤問題 (A)A modern computer chip the size of (B)fingertip has the (C)processing power of the 1949 ENIAC computer, (D)which was the size of several tennis courts. 8. 正誤問題 One common way of (A)honoring the dead consists (B)of (C)lying flowers upon (D)their gravestones. 9. 正誤問題 The cash register was invented in 1879 as (A)a means of preventing the patrons of (B)a tavern (C)stealing cash from (D)unprotected cash boxes. 10. 正誤問題 (A)When President Lyndon B. Johnson took (B)the office after the assassination of John F. Kennedy, he declined to replace (C)any of (D)the members of the Kennedy Cabinet. I-2 TOEIC, TOEFL 練習問題解答 (1) TOEIC １. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 In that area a lot of people carry concealed weapons _______ being attacked by bandits. (A) in case (B) just in case (C) in any case (D) in case of 訳：その地域では、追いはぎに遭ったときの用心に多くの人が武器を隠し持って歩いている。 ※正解(D)。【着眼点】空所の後の -ing形（動名詞）とうまくつながるものをさがすと、群前置詞の (D) となる。in case of 〜は「〜に備えて、〜の用心のために」ということで、この意の場合は文の後半に位置するのが通例。もう1つ「〜の場合は、〜が起こったら」の意もあるが、その場合は文頭がふつう。 【選択肢】(A) はifの意の群接続詞または「万一に備えて」の意の副詞句。(B) は副詞句としての (A) にjustがついたもの。(C) は「とにかく、いずれにせよ」の意の副詞句。 2. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 We regret that _______ the typhoon we were not able to finish the project on time. (A) due for (B) owing from (C) because of (D) because 訳：台風のためにプロジェクトが予定どおり終了できなかったのが残念である。 ※正解(Ｃ)。【着眼点】「台風のために」の意を伝える正しい群前置詞を選ぶ問題。 【選択肢】dueとowingはいずれもtoと結びついて「〜のために」の意になる。(D) のbecauseは接続詞。 3. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 I'm getting a little worried about Bill because I haven't heard from him _______. (A) lately (B) on late (C) nowadays (D) in these days 訳：このところビルから連絡がないので少し心配になってきてるところだ。 ※正解(A)。【着眼点】「このところ彼から連絡がない」という文脈。latelyは「最近」の意で通例完了形とともに用いる。 【選択肢】(B) はof late（=lately）なら可。(C) は「今日［当節］の」の意の形容詞。「今日［近頃］では」はthese daysとは言うがinはつけない（ → cf. in those days）。 4. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 The new phone system will allow us to contact our branches _______. (A) directional (B) directive (C) director (D) directly 訳：その新しい電話システムは支店と直に連絡をとることを可能にしてくれるだろう。 ※正解(D)。【着眼点】動詞のcontact（〜に連絡する）を修飾する副詞を選ぶ問題。接尾辞から容易に判断できる。 【選択肢】(A), (B) は形容詞語尾をもっている。(C) は副詞のdirectを比較級にしたつもりかもしれないが、副詞の場合この形はない（※最上級のdirectestは時に使われることもある）。なお、形容詞の場合はmore型と -er型両方の比較変化がある。 5. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 I don't think they're working _______ to finish on schedule. (A) enough fast (B) fast enough (C) quite enough fast (D) very fast enough 訳：あの人たちの仕事のはかどり具合では予定どおり終了しそうにない。 ※正解(B)。【着眼点】副詞 (fast) を修飾するenoughの位置に関する問題。enoughはfastの後にこなければならない。 【選択肢】(A) と (C) は語順が不可。(D) は語順の点では問題ないが、fastの前にさらにveryがついている点がよくない（ → ×very fast [carefully, etc.] enoughのような言い方はしない）。なお、enough自体をextremely, so [too] much, very (much) などの程度副詞で修飾するのも不可なので注意（×extremely [so (much), too (much), very (much) ] enough）。quiteについてはquite fast enoughのように言うことはできる。 【文構造】enoughはよくto不定詞を従えて「to以下ができるくらい十分」の意で用いられる。 6. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 All new employees are required to attend _______ training course. (A) three-months (B) three-month's (C) a three-month (D) a three-months 訳：新入社員は皆3か月間の職員研修に参加しなければならない。 ※正解(Ｃ)。【着眼点】「数詞 (three) ＋ハイフン＋名詞 (month) 」が後続の名詞を修飾する構造。この場合ハイフンの後の名詞は単数形。 【選択肢】ハイフンの後でmonthsと複数形になっている (A), (D) は不可。(B) のような言い方はしない（ → ただし、a four years' courseのような言い方はある）。なお、「講習、研修」の意のcourseは可算なのでaは必要。 7. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 The police thought that arson was the most _______ cause of the fire. (A) alike (B) likely (C) unlike (D) likelihood 訳：警察はその火事の原因は放火である可能性が最も高いと考えた。 ※正解(Ｂ)。【着眼点】名詞（cause（原因））を修飾し、かつmostを付加して最上級をつくる形容詞を選ぶとするとlikely（ありそうな、可能性のある）が文脈上最適（ → これも-ly語尾形容詞の1つ）。 【選択肢】alike（似ている）は叙述用法では用いるが名詞を限定修飾する用法はない。unlikeはalikeの反意語で、こちらは限定用法もあるが文脈に合わない。(D) は名詞。 (2) TOEFL 1. 空所補充問題 ----- in domesticated pigs, only the male is known as a boar, the term is applied to both female and male wild pigs. (A) When (B) Who (C) Whether (D) While ※正解(D)。【解説】 domesticated pigs「飼育されている豚」とwild pigs「野生の豚」を対比しているので、ここでは接続詞whileを用いる。 2. 空所補充問題 The British prime ministership serves as the model ----- the analogous offices in each of the commonwealth countries. (A) as (B) for (C) on (D) at ※正解(B)。【解説】 serve as the model for ... で「 ... のモデルとして役に立つ」の意味になる。analogous「類似した」。 3. 空所補充問題 In most countries, the duty ----- one's country in battle is still seen as applying exclusively to males. (A) of serving (B) to serve (C) serve (D) to serving ※正解(B)。【解説】 duty to ...（動詞） で「 ... する義務」の意味を表す。正解は(B)。exclusively「 ... に限られた」。 4. 空所補充問題 Louis Pasteur ----- so fearful of dirt and bacteria that he refused to shake hands, and he carefully wiped his plate and glass before every meal. (A) is being said to have (B) said he was being to have (C) was said having been (D) is said to have been ※正解(D)。【解説】 toと完了形の組み合わせがポイント。Louis Pasteur is said to have been ... で「ルイ・パスツールは ... だったと言われている」の意味になる。 5. 空所補充問題 The U.S. state of South Dakota is also sometimes ----- as the Sioux State after the American Indian nation indigenous to the region. (A) to refer (B) referring (C) referred to (D) refer to ※正解(Ｃ)。【解説】 referの用法が問題になっている。be referred to as ... で「 ... と呼ばれている」の意味になる。正解は(C)である。 6. 正誤問題 Mushrooms are (A)fleshy, umbrella-shaped (B)fungus that have (C)long been used as (D)food. ※正解(B)。【解説】 fungus → fungi。fleshyは「厚くて柔らかい」の意味。ここではfungus「真菌類（キノコなど）」を複数形fungiにしなければならない。long beenの語順に問題はない。foodの前に冠詞は無用。 7. 正誤問題 (A)A modern computer chip the size of (B)fingertip has the (C)processing power of the 1949 ENIAC computer, (D)which was the size of several tennis courts. ※正解(B)。【解説】 fingertip → a fingertip。文頭の冠詞Aに問題はない。fingertip「指先」は可算名詞なので、冠詞aが必要となる。processing powerで「処理能力」の意味。関係代名詞whichの用法に誤りはない。 8. 正誤問題 One common way of (A)honoring the dead consists (B)of (C)lying flowers upon (D)their gravestones. ※正解(Ｃ)。【解説】 lying → laying。前置詞ofの後の動名詞honoringに問題はない。consist of ... で「 ... からなる」の意味。lie (lying)は自動詞。ここでは他動詞lay (laying)を用いる。theirはthe dead「死者（複数）」を指す。 9. 正誤問題 The cash register was invented in 1879 as (A)a means of preventing the patrons of (B)a tavern (C)stealing cash from (D)unprotected cash boxes. ※正解(Ｃ)。【解説】 stealing → from stealing。means「手段」、tavern「バー、居酒屋」は可算名詞である。preventing ... from stealingとしなければ文が成り立たない。unprotected「無防備な」に問題はない。 10. 正誤問題 (A)When President Lyndon B. Johnson took (B)the office after the assassination of John F. Kennedy, he declined to replace (C)any of (D)the members of the Kennedy Cabinet. ※正解(B)。【解説】 the office → office。take officeで「就任する」の意味になるので、theは必要ない。When、any、theに問題はない。 II.時事英文 Panama Canal (その5：全14回シリーズ) A photo dated 1902 shows smoke coming from the Momotombo volcano, the "smoking terror" in Nicaragua That little stamp weakened support for the Nicaragua canal. The Senate passed a bill for a Panama canal instead. The House of Representatives changed its earlier decision. It approved the Senate bill. RICHARD RAEL: At that time, Panama was a state of Colombia. Canal negotiations between America and Colombia did not go smoothly. After nine months, the United States threatened to end the talks and begin negotiations with Nicaragua. The threat worked. III - a. 雑知識
III -b. 英語でどう言う？ 時差出勤する stagger commuting hours ※Our company encourages its employees to stagger their commuting hours to avoid rush hour. 託児所に子供を預ける leave one's child at a nursery ※I leave my child at the nearby nursery on weekdays while I work. 派遣社員として働く work as a temporary staffer ※My son started working as a temporary staffer at the auto factory this month. 産休を取る take maternity leave ※Mayumi is expected to take maternity leave from September until the end of May next year. III-c. News Glossary end of the combat mission in Iraq イラクでの戦闘任務終了 Even as President Barack Obana was announcing the end of the combat mission in Iraq, American soldiers were sealing off a northern village as their Iraqi partners raided houses and arrested dozens of suspected insurgents. オバマ米大統領がイラクでの戦闘任務終了を宣言する一方で、米兵が北部の村を包囲し、同僚のイラク兵が、複数の民家を急襲して数十人の武装勢力とみられる容疑者を逮捕した。 IV. Jokes a. My seven-year-old daughter, Megan, was selling cookies door to door. After hearing her sales pitch, one lady said she couldn't buy any because she had no money on her. Megan's innocent reply was, "If you want, I could wait here while you go check your purse." b. On the bus in back-up traffic, my husband, Philip, told our three-year-old son, Matthew, that there are a lot of cars during rush hour because everyone's rushing to get home from work. Looking out the window, Matthew said, "But they're not rushing. They're barely even moving." c. One hot day, my three-year-old ran out on bare feet onto our sizzling porch. She danced around in a panic, shouting shrilly, "Mum! I need some sun scream!" d. As we drove past a farm entrance, our young son Richard announced, "They're giving away range eggs!" e. When we got to our friend's house, we noticed that their dog greeted us but not their cat Megs. Our friend Robyn called to him to come in for his dinner, but he didn't appear. About ten minutes later, we heard the beep of a car horn, but didn't think much of it because Robyn lives on a busy road. Then we heard the car horn beeping again and again. Robyn went out through the back door to investigate. She saw Megs inside her van, walking across the dashboard and steering wheel, beeping the horn with his paws. He had somehow been locked in the van and was beeping the horn so that he could be found and released. We all thought he was a pretty smart cat. If he hadn't beeped the horn, he'd have been stuck in the van for the night at least. |