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資料No. ： NS101013
I-1 TOEIC, TOEFL練習問題 (1) TOEIC １. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Not only Vince but also Tim _______ to part of Max's fortune. (A) are heirs (B) is the heir (C) is an heir (D) is a heir 2. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 _______ first reached us in early September regarding this problem. (A) Word (B) A word (C) A news (D) Informations 3. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 I've heard that Sid _______ to Yale. (A) is scholarship (B) got scholarship (C) won a scholarship (D) wined a scholarship 4. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Some of the details need _______ before we submit the report for approval. (A) clarify (B) clarifying (C) be clarified (D) being clarified 5. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Nancy _______ to look after her neighbor's children for the evening. (A) required (B) ordered (C) was asked (D) was wished 6. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 After you do your homework, be sure to _______ up your room. (A) have cleaned (B) cleaning (C) be cleaned (D) clean 7. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 I _______ a lot better if you had helped me. (A) do (B) did (C) had done (D) could have done (2) TOEFL 1. 空所補充問題 Cheetahs have been known to dash after prey at up to about 90 miles per hour, although they can only maintain such speeds for a few seconds -----. (A) with time (B) in time (C) of the time (D) at a time 2. 空所補充問題 ----- in North Dakota, Fargo has a population of under 80,000. (A) To be the largest city (B) The largest city (C) It is the largest city (D) Being it the largest city 3. 空所補充問題 Two British adventurers of the 19th century, Stanley and Livingstone, stimulated the curiosity and interest of the Western world ----- their exploration of Africa. (A) for (B) in (C) with (D) from 4. 空所補充問題 The burrowing, ant-eating animal ----- the aardvark is found throughout much of the African continent. (A) known as (B) knowing for (C) to be known to (D) to know 5. 空所補充問題 Danish Prime Minister Poul Shulter demanded parliamentary elections in 1990 ----- of his disagreements with the major opposition party. (A) in results (B) to result (C) since the result (D) as a result 6. 正誤問題 (A)Since sterile crops (B)as such the navel orange (C)do not produce seeds, they cannot (D)reproduce naturally. 7. 正誤問題 American architect Charles Bullfinch (A)designs buildings in (B)a style (C)that was characterized (D)by monumental ornamentation. 8. 正誤問題 (A)Most the gold used in jewelry contains copper (B)for hardness because pure gold is too soft to keep (C)its shape (D)for very long. 9. 正誤問題 The (A)semiprecious stone turquoise (B)represents harmony, (C)beautiful and health (D)in the Navajo culture. 10. 正誤問題 The mystery of (A)London's Jack the Ripper, (B)was the notorious murderer of (C)nineteenth-century England, (D)has never been solved. I-2 TOEIC, TOEFL 練習問題解答 (1) TOEIC １. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Not only Vince but also Tim _______ to part of Max's fortune. (A) are heirs (B) is the heir (C) is an heir (D) is a heir 訳：ヴィンスだけでなくティムもマックスの財産の一部を相続する1人である。 ※正解(Ｃ)。【着眼点】定冠詞が「唯一性」の意味を含むのに対し、不定冠詞は「複数個の中の任意の1つ」を表すという性質をもつ（X is the heir to Y.（ＸはＹの（唯一の）相続人だ）；X is an heir to Y.（相続人（の1人）だ））。空所部分の主語はTimのほうだが相続人 (heir) は彼以外にVinceもいるわけであり、候補にあがるのは不定冠詞のついたheirとなる。その上で大事なのは、heirが母音で始まる語だという点（ → 語頭のhは黙字で発音されない）。なお、(A) は主語 （=Tim） との呼応に問題がある。 2. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 _______ first reached us in early September regarding this problem. (A) Word (B) A word (C) A news (D) Informations 訳：この問題についての知らせは9月の初旬になって初めて私どものもとに届きました。 ※正解(Ａ)。【着眼点】newsやinformationは不可算名詞で不定冠詞のついた (C) や複数形の (D) が誤りなのは明らかだが、問題は (A), (B) におけるwordの用法。wordは「単語」などの意では可算名詞であるのに対し、「知らせ、便り」を意味するときは不可算名詞として用いられる。問題文の文脈では後者の意なのでa wordは不可。同じ語が可算・不可算の両用法をもつ場合は文脈の見極めが大事。 3. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 I've heard that Sid _______ to Yale. (A) is scholarship (B) got scholarship (C) won a scholarship (D) wined a scholarship 訳：シドはエール大学に入る奨学金を得たそうだ。 ※正解(Ｃ)。【着眼点】「奨学金」の意のscholarshipは可算名詞なのでaのついた (C) と (D) が候補だが、win（＝不規則活用動詞）の過去形はwonだから (C) のほうが正解。 【選択肢】(A) についてはis on a scholarship（奨学金をもらっている）という言い方はある。(B) はaをつければ通る。 4. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Some of the details need _______ before we submit the report for approval. (A) clarify (B) clarifying (C) be clarified (D) being clarified 訳：報告書を提出して承認を求める前に、何点か細かいところを明確にしておく必要がある。 ※正解(B)。【着眼点】clarify 〜 は「〜を明確にする［理解しやすくする］」の意でsome of the details（主部）はclarifyされる側だが、述部がneedで始まっている点に注意。needが動名詞を目的語にとると、その動名詞は能動形で受動の意味を表すことになる （need clarifying = need to be clarified）。 【選択肢】needは疑問文や否定文、またはそれに準じる文では助動詞としても用いられるが、問題文の主節は肯定文の形をとっている。したがって (A)、(C) はいずれにせよ不可。 5. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Nancy _______ to look after her neighbor's children for the evening. (A) required (B) ordered (C) was asked (D) was wished 訳：夕方、近所の子の世話をしてほしいとナンシーは頼まれた。 ※正解(Ｃ)。【着眼点】requireやorderにはto不定詞を目的語にとる構文自体が存在しない cf. I require you to do this job.；You are required to do this job. や He ordered us to follow him.；We were ordered to follow him. は可)。wishには「wish＋Ｏ＋to不定詞」の構文はあるが、これに対応する受動文はない。 6. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 After you do your homework, be sure to _______ up your room. (A) have cleaned (B) cleaning (C) be cleaned (D) clean 訳：宿題をやったら、必ず部屋を片付けなさい。 ※正解(D)。to 不定詞ですから、動詞は原形でなければなりません。(A)も形のうえでは原形になっていますが、意味上不可。(C)も原形ですが受け身の形になってしまっているので不可です。 7. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 I _______ a lot better if you had helped me. (A) do (B) did (C) had done (D) could have done 訳：もし君が手伝ってくれていれば、もっとうまくできたのに。 ※正解(D)。... if 以下が had helped の形をとっていますから、「もしも（あの時）君が…していたなら」という意味を持つ仮定法過去完了です。したがって、正解も「私は（あの時）…できたはずだったのに」という意味を持ちうる形にしなければなりません。 (2) TOEFL 1. 空所補充問題 Cheetahs have been known to dash after prey at up to about 90 miles per hour, although they can only maintain such speeds for a few seconds -----. (A) with time (B) in time (C) of the time (D) at a time ※正解(D)。【解説】 at a timeで「一度に」の意味になる。これを空所に入れれば文意が通る。 2. 空所補充問題 ----- in North Dakota, Fargo has a population of under 80,000. (A) To be the largest city (B) The largest city (C) It is the largest city (D) Being it the largest city ※正解(B)。【解説】 文頭にTo不定詞が来ては意味が通らない。It is... ではhasと動詞がダブってしまう。Being it... の語順はどう見てもおかしい。正解は(B)。 3. 空所補充問題 Two British adventurers of the 19th century, Stanley and Livingstone, stimulated the curiosity and interest of the Western world ----- their exploration of Africa. (A) for (B) in (C) with (D) from ※正解(Ｃ)。【解説】 stimulate「刺激する」の後に前置詞withを用いて、stimulate... with〜で「〜で……を刺激する」の意味になる。 4. 空所補充問題 The burrowing, ant-eating animal ----- the aardvark is found throughout much of the African continent. (A) known as (B) knowing for (C) to be known to (D) to know ※正解(A)。【解説】 空所には「（ツチブタ）として知られる」という意味の句が入る。正解は(A)。known asの前にthat/which isを補って考える。burrow「穴を掘る」。 5. 空所補充問題 Danish Prime Minister Poul Shulter demanded parliamentary elections in 1990 ----- of his disagreements with the major opposition party. (A) in results (B) to result (C) since the result (D) as a result ※正解(D)。【解説】 難しく考えることはない。as a result of... で「……の結果として」の意味になる。opposition party「野党」。 6. 正誤問題 (A)Since sterile crops (B)as such the navel orange (C)do not produce seeds, they cannot (D)reproduce naturally. ※正解(B)。【解説】 as such → such as。文頭のSinceは「……なので」の意味。as suchはsuch asにしなければ文が繋がらない。doとreproduce「繁殖する」に問題はない。 7. 正誤問題 American architect Charles Bullfinch (A)designs buildings in (B)a style (C)that was characterized (D)by monumental ornamentation. ※正解(A)。【解説】 designs → designed。that was characterized... からわかるように、この文は過去形の文である。したがって、designsをdesignedにしなければ文が成立しない。 8. 正誤問題 (A)Most the gold used in jewelry contains copper (B)for hardness because pure gold is too soft to keep (C)its shape (D)for very long. ※正解(A)。【解説】 Most → Most of。文頭のMostに注目。Mostの後にtheが来ているので、ここは前置詞ofを付け足してMost ofにしなければならない。 9. 正誤問題 The (A)semiprecious stone turquoise (B)represents harmony, (C)beautiful and health (D)in the Navajo culture. ※正解(Ｃ)。【解説】 beautifulの前後にはandを挟んで名詞harmonyとhealthが使われているので、形容詞beautifulはbeautyと名詞形にする。semiprecious stone「半宝石」 10. 正誤問題 The mystery of (A)London's Jack the Ripper, (B)was the notorious murderer of (C)nineteenth-century England, (D)has never been solved. ※正解(B)。【解説】 was the → the（wasをカット）。この文の動詞部はhas never been... である。was theのままでは動詞が２つになってしまう。wasが余分だったのである。 II.時事英文 Panama Canal (その3：全14回シリーズ) So, the committee decided it would be less costly, overall, to build a canal in Nicaragua. The proposal went to the United States Congress for approval. MAURICE JOYCE: The House of Representatives quickly passed a bill to build the Nicaragua canal. Then the French company reduced its price for the land and building rights in Panama. It decided some money was better than no money at all. President Roosevelt was pleased. He gave his support to the Panama plan. When the Senate began debate, however, it appeared the Nicaragua plan would win. III - a. 雑知識
III -b. 英語でどう言う？ 肩を脱臼する dislocate one's shoulder ※I dislocated my shoulder during the rugby game last Sunday. 突き指をする sprain one's finger ※Mari sprained her finger while playing volleyball. こぶができる get a bump ※My five-year-old son got a bump on his head when he was hit by a ball. アキレスけんを切る tear one's Achilles tendon ※My father tore his Achilles tendon while playing tennis last month. III-c. News Glossary atomic bomb survivors, or "hibakusha" 被爆者 While the number of atomic bomb survivors, or "hibakusha" in Japanese, is dwindling, their voices are growing stronger. At an average age of 76 years, survivors speak out for recognition of their ailments and seek medical aid from the government. 被爆者の数が減る一方で、彼らの声はますます大きくなっている。平均年齢が76歳となった被爆者たちは、(被曝が原因による)疾病の認定を求める声をあげ、政府の医療支援を求めている。 IV. Jokes a. A lady goes to her priest one day and tells him, "Father, I have a problem. I have two female parrots, but they only know to say one thing. They say, 'Hi, we're hookers! Do you want to have some fun?' " "That's obscene!" the priest exclaimed. "You know," he said, "I may have a solution to your problem. I have two male talking parrots, which I have taught to pray and read the Bible. Bring your two parrots over to my house, and we'll put them in the cage with Frank and Jacob. My parrots can teach your parrots to pray and worship, and your parrots are sure to stop saying that phrase in no time." The next day, the lady brought her female parrots to the priest's house. She saw that his two male parrots were inside their cage, holding rosary beads and praying. Impressed, she walked over and placed her parrots in with them. After a few minutes, the female parrots cried out in unison: "Hi, we're hookers! Do you want to have some fun?" There was stunned silence. Shocked, one male parrot looked over at the other male parrot and exclaimed, "Put the beads away, Frank. Our prayers have been answered!" b. How come married woman are heavier than single women? A single woman goes home, sees what's in the fridge and goes to bed. A married woman sees what's in bed and goes to the fridge. c. It's really humid in the woods, so the two hiking buddies removed their shirts and shoes. But when they spot a sign saying "Beware of bears", one of them stops to put his shoes back on. "What's the point?" the other says. "You can't outrun a bear." "Actually," says his friend, "all I have to do is outrun you." d. Before writing a prescription for my young daughter, the pediatrician asked her if she was allergic to anything. Erica whispered something in his ear. That night, before giving her the medicine, I read the directions on the bottle. The doctor had warned, "Do not take with broccoli." |