|
資料No. ： NS100929
I-1 TOEIC, TOEFL練習問題 (1) TOEIC １. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 We lost the game, but we _______ won if one of our players hadn't been hurt. (A) might well have (B) might have been (C) might well (D) may have ２. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 We intend to submit _______ that special legislation be passed allocating disaster relief funds to the people in the disaster area. (A) an advise (B) an upshot (C) a request (D) a reason ３. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 He _______ the boxing match, but I don't know because I wasn't there. (A) may well win (B) may not have win (C) may well have won (D) may not well have won ４. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 We _______ afford to take our eyes off the road for an instant while driving at more than 100 miles per hour. (A) can't (B) needn't (C) mustn't (D) shouldn't ５. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 I suspect he has intentionally included figures that _______ in the expense budget. (A) have not should be (B) should have not been (C) should not have been (D) ought to not have been ６. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Once the train _______ the city, we won't be able to use the telephone. (A) will leave (B) leaves from (C) leaves (D) left from ７. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Man has been striving to improve rice _______ over 7,000 years, ever since rice cultivation was initiated in Asia. (A) more than (B) from (C) since (D) for (2) TOEFL 1. 空所補充問題 ----- the body's ability to produce proteins called antibodies upon exposure to infectious disease, no animal could survive an epidemic. (A) Were it not for (B) For it were not (C) It were not for (D) Not were in for 2. 空所補充問題 According to some economists, ----- primitive form of commodity transaction is not barter exchange, but theft. (A) most (B) the most (C) many (D) the much 3. 空所補充問題 ----- the theories developed to explain allergic reactions, no single one can explain all the observed phenomena. (A) Into (B) Of all (C) Out on (D) Throughout 4. 空所補充問題 Locks ----- those built on the Suez and Panama Canals allow ships to pass between bodies of water with varying water levels. (A) such as (B) as (C) that are (D) for 5. 空所補充問題 -----, an area of rain forest the size of 10-12 city blocks is lost to fire, logging and other forms of destruction. (A) For a minute (B) All minutes (C) The minutes (D) Every minute 6. 正誤問題 Plumbing was (A)virtually unknown in North American (B)homes (C)until the second half of (D)a 19th century. 7. 正誤問題 Students haven't reached a consensus (A)on whether we should switch (B)to a (C)two-semester year, and neither (D)the faculty has. 8. 正誤問題 (A)Which social insects such as ants and bees die, their bodies emit (B)hormones (C)that alarm other members of (D)their nest. 9. 正誤問題 Rising sea levels (A)resulted from global warming are (B)expected to pose the danger of major flooding in (C)heavily populated coastal areas (D)worldwide. 10. 正誤問題 Moscow is an inland city, (A)but (B)a system of canals makes (C)them accessible (D)from five seas. I-2 TOEIC, TOEFL 練習問題解答 (1) TOEIC １. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 We lost the game, but we _______ won if one of our players hadn't been hurt. (A) might well have (B) might have been (C) might well (D) may have 訳：結果は負け試合だったが、負傷者がなければうちが勝っていただろう。 ※正解(A)。【着眼点】「試合に負けた」という過去の事実の後、but... と続き最後に「選手の1人が負傷していなかったら」という仮定法過去完了がきている。この流れから but 以下の主節には「勝っていただろうに」(might have won) がくるとわかる。 【選択肢】「人に勝つ」は「beat＋人」とは言うが「win＋人」とは言わないから、 (B)のように「人（＝we）」を主語に立てた受け身の形も当然不可（→ 仮に言えたとしても文脈上不可）。(D)は、現実に起こらなかったことを取り上げて「…だったろうに」と言う場合には用いない。 【注意】well は法助動詞の意味を強める副詞。 ２. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 We intend to submit _______ that special legislation be passed allocating disaster relief funds to the people in the disaster area. (A) an advise (B) an upshot (C) a request (D) a reason 訳：我々は被災地の人々への災害救援基金を設定する特別立法可決要求を提出するつもりである。 ※正解(Ｃ)。【文構造】submit ___ that ... は「that 以下という旨の___ を提出する」の意で、___ にくる名詞と that 以下は同格の関係。allocating は legislation（立法）にかかる現在分詞の形容詞用法。 【着眼点】that 節内の V (be passed)が原形（＝仮定法現在）である点に注目。 【選択肢】(A)は advise が動詞だから問題外。(B)の upshot（結果[論]）は同格の that 節を従える用法それ自体を欠く。（cf. The upshot is that ... の構文は可）(D)の reason は仮定法現在をとる用法はない。 ３. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 He _______ the boxing match, but I don't know because I wasn't there. (A) may well win (B) may not have win (C) may well have won (D) may not well have won 訳：たぶん彼はボクシングの試合に勝ったと思うのですが、私は試合を見に行っていないのでわかりません。 ※正解(Ｃ)。【着眼点】can [could] やmay [might] の直後に置かれた副詞のwellは本動詞よりも法助動詞と強く結びつき、法助動詞の意味を強める働きをする（ → 例えばmay well 〜（たぶん〜だろう）はmay単独よりも確信度が高くなる）。 【選択肢】終了した試合の結果を推測する文脈なので (A) は不自然。(B) は ... have winという形を見ただけで候補外。(D) のようにmay well 〜を否定文で用いるのも通例不可。 【注意】may well 〜には他に｢〜するのももっともだ｣の意もある。また控え目な言い方ではmayがmightとなる。慣用句ではこの他にmay [might] (just) as well 〜（＝（是非というわけではないが）〜してもよい）に注意。 ４. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 We _______ afford to take our eyes off the road for an instant while driving at more than 100 miles per hour. (A) can't (B) needn't (C) mustn't (D) shouldn't 訳：時速100マイルを超すスピ−ドで車を走らせているときには一瞬たりともよそ見などできない [よそ見などしたら大変だ] 。 ※正解(A)。【文構造】while driving ...はwhile we are driving ...の意。 【着眼点】afford to 〜は｢〜しても大丈夫である｣の意だが、この用法のaffordと結びつくのはcan, could, be able toなどである。したがって正解は (A)。can't afford to 〜は｢〜する余裕などない [〜したら大変なことになる] ｣の意。 ５. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 I suspect he has intentionally included figures that _______ in the expense budget. (A) have not should be (B) should have not been (C) should not have been (D) ought to not have been 訳：経費予算に含めるべきではない数字が入っているのは彼の意図的なしわざではないかと思う。 ※正解(Ｃ)。【選択肢】法助動詞 (should) は第1助動詞 (have) に先行し、その逆は成立しないので (A) は不可。否定文ではnotは法助動詞の後に配置されるので (B) は不可。ought toを否定文で用いる場合notはtoの前にくるので (D) は不可。したがって残る (C) が正解となる。figures that should not have been in 〜は｢〜にあるべきではなかった（のに実際は入っていた）数字｣を指す。 ６. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Once the train _______ the city, we won't be able to use the telephone. (A) will leave (B) leaves from (C) leaves (D) left from 訳：電車が市外に出てしまうと、その時点で電話は使えなくなるだろう。 ※正解(Ｃ)。【着眼点】接続詞用法のonceは｢いったん [一度] …すると｣｢…するやいなや｣の意で、if, when, after, as soon asなどと同様条件や時の副詞節を導く。したがって主節が未来時制（won't be）でも選ぶのはleaves（現在時制）。 【選択肢】leaveは｢（今いる所を）発って〜へ向かう｣の意でleave for 〜（〜＝目的地）の形をとることはあるが、leave from 〜（〜＝離れる場所）は不可。 ７. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Man has been striving to improve rice _______ over 7,000 years, ever since rice cultivation was initiated in Asia. (A) more than (B) from (C) since (D) for 訳：アジアで稲作が始まって以来、7000年以上にわたって人類は米の改良を目指して努力を重ねてきた。 ※正解(D)。【着眼点】has been strivingは過去のある時点から現在まで｢努力する (strive) ｣という行為が反復継続していることを表す現在完了進行形。ever sinceのsince はその努力が始まった時点がいつかを示す時の副詞節を導く接続詞（everは｢（ ...して以来）ずっと｣）。そしてover 7,000 yearsは努力の継続期間であり、｢期間｣を導入するにはforを用いる。 【選択肢】more thanはoverと意味が重なる。 (2) TOEFL 1. 空所補充問題 ----- the body's ability to produce proteins called antibodies upon exposure to infectious disease, no animal could survive an epidemic. (A) Were it not for (B) For it were not (C) It were not for (D) Not were in for ※正解(A)。【解説】 ここでポイントとなっているのは語順倒置された仮定法の文Were it not for... 「もし……がなかったら」を知っているかどうかである。antibody「抗体」。 2. 空所補充問題 According to some economists, ----- primitive form of commodity transaction is not barter exchange, but theft. (A) most (B) the most (C) many (D) the much ※正解(B)。【解説】 manyとmuchが使えないのは明らか。primitive formの前に最上級のmostを使うには冠詞theが必要になる。commodity transaction「商品取引」、barter exchange「物々交換」。 3. 空所補充問題 ----- the theories developed to explain allergic reactions, no single one can explain all the observed phenomena. (A) Into (B) Of all (C) Out on (D) Throughout ※正解(B)。【解説】 Of all the theories... とすれば、「……の理論の内、どれ一つとして〜を説明できるのもはない」の意味になる。 4. 空所補充問題 Locks ----- those built on the Suez and Panama Canals allow ships to pass between bodies of water with varying water levels. (A) such as (B) as (C) that are (D) for ※正解(A)。【解説】 空所の後にはthose built... で具体的なLocks「閘門（運河で水位を調節して船舶を上・下降させる装置）」の例が挙げられているので、ここではsuch asを使うことになる。 5. 空所補充問題 -----, an area of rain forest the size of 10-12 city blocks is lost to fire, logging and other forms of destruction. (A) For a minute (B) All minutes (C) The minutes (D) Every minute ※正解(D)。【解説】 熱帯雨林が毎分どれだけ失われているかが述べられている。「毎分」はevery minuteで表現する。 6. 正誤問題 Plumbing was (A)virtually unknown in North American (B)homes (C)until the second half of (D)a 19th century. ※正解(D)。【解説】 a → the。virtually unknown「ほとんど知られていない」、可算名詞homes、前置詞untilの用法に問題はない。「19世紀」はthe 19th centuryと冠詞theを使う。 7. 正誤問題 Students haven't reached a consensus (A)on whether we should switch (B)to a (C)two-semester year, and neither (D)the faculty has. ※正解(D)。【解説】 the faculty has → has the faculty。neitherと否定語が前に出ていることに注目。このような場合には、has the facultyと語順倒置をしなくてはならない。 8. 正誤問題 (A)Which social insects such as ants and bees die, their bodies emit (B)hormones (C)that alarm other members of (D)their nest. ※正解(A)。【解説】 Which → When。Whichで始めてはこの文は成り立たない。Whenにすれば意味が通るようになる。emit「出す」。 9. 正誤問題 Rising sea levels (A)resulted from global warming are (B)expected to pose the danger of major flooding in (C)heavily populated coastal areas (D)worldwide. ※正解(A)。【解説】 resulted → resulting。この文の動詞はare expected ... である。resultedのままでは動詞が２つあることになる。ここはresultingと分詞にしなければならない。副詞heavily、worldwideの用法に問題はない。 10. 正誤問題 Moscow is an inland city, (A)but (B)a system of canals makes (C)them accessible (D)from five seas. ※正解(Ｃ)。【解説】 them → it。接続詞butと冠詞aに誤りはない。themはMoscowを指しているので、itにしなければ文が成り立たない。accessible from... 「……から近づきやすい」。 II.時事英文 Panama Canal (その1：全14回シリーズ) Theodore Roosevelt became president of the United States at the beginning of the nineteen hundreds. He firmly believed in expanding American power in the world. To do this, he wanted a strong navy. And he wanted a waterway that would let the navy sail quickly between the Atlantic and Pacific oceans. Roosevelt decided to build that waterway. III - a. 雑知識
III -b. 英語でどう言う？ ギプスをはめる put ... in a cast ※The doctor put my right arm in a cast and told me to come back in two weeks. 松葉づえをついて歩く walk on crutches ※I've just had knee surgery done, and now have to walk on crutches for three weeks. 車いすを押す push a wheelchair ※It was dangerous as well as very difficult to push a wheelchair up a steep slope. 担架で運ぶ carry on a stretcher ※The rescue workers carried the injured man to the ambulance on a stretcher. III-c. News Glossary Diet members' prorated salary system 国会議員の歳費の日割り制度 Lawmakers should be worth what they earn. But no move is being made during the current Diet session to revise the law and switch to a prorated salary system. 議員はその給与に値する働きをすべきだが、今国会で法律を改正し、歳費の日割り制度を導入する動きはない。 IV. Jokes a. When a nosy Year Four student wanted the scoop on what another teacher and I were discussing in private. I decided it was time for an impromptu lesson in manners. "Do you know what 'minding your own business' means?" I asked pointedly. He didn't, but a student clear across the room shouted, "I do!" b. Conversation at our business lunch turned to illegal immigration. "I read an article that said 60 percent of Americans are immigrants," commented one of my colleagues. "That can't be true," another said. "No," agreed a Native American co-worker. "There's a lot more of you than that." c. A much respected police colleague who had mentored many people, including me, was about to retire. At his leaving party, the chief inspector was full of praise for him, saying how many of the assembled throng wouldn't be there if it hadn't been for his guidance. Overcome with emotion I stood up and said, "I, for one, can say that I would not be in the position I am if it were not for this man!" The hall rocked with laughter - not the warm, appreciative applause I was expecting. Then I remembered that I was eight months pregnant. d. One time, I had to tell a candidate that we would not be able to offer him a job because his drug test had come back positive and ours was a drug-free environment. After a minute he asked, "Can you tell me which one showed up?" e. During my first meeting with my physically challenged students, I assured them that most people are handicapped in some way. "Just look at me," I said, "My eyes are so bad, I need to wear glasses. Because I can barely hear, I need a hearing aid. And look at my ears - they're much bigger than they should be." From the back, a boy added, "And your nose too." |