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資料No. ： NS100922
I-1 TOEIC, TOEFL練習問題 (1) TOEIC １. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 The officer _______ his men to fight well in the coming battle. (A) hoped (B) expected (C) aimed (D) demanded 2. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Please _______ him that he is required to get a temporary badge from a receptionist. (A) relate (B) repeat (C) remind (D) recollect 3. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 In spite of circumstantial evidence pointing to his guilt, the accused _______ that he was innocent. (A) interrogated (B) inquired (C) persuaded (D) maintained 4. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Since John lacks experience in negotiation, he feels so _______ whenever he meets potential clients. (A) awkward (B) awkwardly (C) easy (D) easily 5. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Due to the worsening economy, many small and medium-sized companies have gone _______. (A) bankruptcy (B) bankrupt (C) banking (D) banker 6. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 _______ may emerge a new party capable of taking power from the present government. (A) They (B) Their (C) Theirs (D) There 7. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 The police _______ the demonstration on the grounds that it might lead to violence. (A) have banned (B) has ban (C) banning (D) are ban (2) TOEFL 1. 空所補充問題 James Monroe ----- the first U.S. president to tour the country while in office. (A) became (B) made (C) decided (D) strove 2. 空所補充問題 There is ----- debate these days about whether to put daylight saving time into effect all year round. (A) many (B) lots (C) much (D) a great deal 3. 空所補充問題 Negative comments can be helpful, as long as they embody ----- criticism, rather than gratuitous insults or complaints. (A) constructive (B) construction (C) constructing (D) constructed 4. 空所補充問題 ----- Charles Lindbergh attempted his solo flight across the Atlantic, he brought with him five sandwiches and a quart of water. (A) If (B) Whereas (C) Because (D) When 5. 空所補充問題 The Australian baobab tree is also called the bottle tree because ----- its distinctive bottle-shaped trunk. (A) for (B) to (C) of (D) as 6. 正誤問題 (A)Had the potential applications for the electronic computer (B)been better understood, personal computers might (C)be available decades (D)earlier. 7. 正誤問題 Historians generally agree (A)that New Zealander Richard William Pearse designed, (B)was building and flew (C)a powered monoplane several months (D)before the Wright brothers did. 8. 正誤問題 (A)The Roanoke, James and Potomac rivers, all in the state of Virginia, (B)have eroded gaps (C)in the portion of the Appalachian mountains (D)know as the Blue Ridge. 9. 正誤問題 Nanotechnology could make (A)it possible to inject (B)microscopically machines into the bloodstream, (C)which would carry (D)out a variety of health maintenance functions. 10. 正誤問題 (A)They are an obvious and intuitive (B)fact (C)that children learn more effectively about topics they are interested (D)in. I-2 TOEIC, TOEFL 練習問題解答 (1) TOEIC １. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 The officer _______ his men to fight well in the coming battle. (A) hoped (B) expected (C) aimed (D) demanded 訳：将校は来たるべき戦闘で兵士が立派に戦ってくれるものと期待した。 ※正解(B)。 【着眼点】｢O (his men) ＋to不定詞 (to fight) ｣を従えられるのはexpectのみ。 【選択肢】hope, aim（目指す [努力する] ）, demand（要求する）は｢hope／aim ／demand＋to不定詞｣の形はある（I demand to know the truth.＝ぜひ真実を知りたい）。 2. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Please _______ him that he is required to get a temporary badge from a receptionist. (A) relate (B) repeat (C) remind (D) recollect 訳：受付で臨時のバッジを交付してもらう必要がある旨を彼に念を押しておいてください。 ※正解(Ｃ)。【文構造】「____ (V) ＋him (IO) ＋that節 (DO) 」の第4文型。 【着眼点】「人＋that節」の形を従えられるのはremind（思い起こさせる、念を押す）だけである。 【選択肢】relate（＝（順序立てて）話す）は｢relate（to＋人）＋that節｣の形はとるが第4文型は不可。repeat（＝繰り返して言う）も同様。recollectは｢〜を思い出す｣の意でOにthat節をとる形（第3文型）は可能だが｢人に物事を思い出させる｣の意はない。 3. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 In spite of circumstantial evidence pointing to his guilt, the accused _______ that he was innocent. (A) interrogated (B) inquired (C) persuaded (D) maintained 訳：状況証拠からすれば有罪であるのだが、被告は無罪を主張した。 ※正解(Ｄ)。【文構造】｢the accused (S) ____ (V) that節 (O) ｣ の第3文型。accusedはtheがつくと｢被告人｣の意になる。In spite of 〜は｢〜にもかかわらず｣の意で副詞句を導く。 【着眼点】that節をOにとって第3文型を作れるのはmaintain（主張する）のみ。 【選択肢】interrogate は｢（人）を尋問する｣の意。inquire （＝問う）はwh節ならOにとれる。persuade（＝説得する）は｢persuade＋人＋that節｣の第4文型はある。 4. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Since John lacks experience in negotiation, he feels so _______ whenever he meets potential clients. (A) awkward (B) awkwardly (C) easy (D) easily 訳：ジョンは交渉の経験が不足しているので、顧客になりそうな人に会うたびにまごまごする。 ※正解(Ａ)。【文構造】Since 〜 negotiationは「理由」、またwhenever（＝at any time when）〜 clientsは「時」を表す副詞節。骨格部分はhe (S) feels (V) __ となる。 【着眼点】since節の内容から考えて空所にはネガティブな語がくるから (C) と (D) は消える。he feels 〜は「he＝〜であるように感じる」の意でfeelは「である型」の不完全自動詞。空所にはＣがくるが、副詞はＣにならないから (A) のawkwardが正解。 5. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Due to the worsening economy, many small and medium-sized companies have gone _______. (A) bankruptcy (B) bankrupt (C) banking (D) banker 訳：経済の悪化により、多くの中小企業が破産している。 ※正解(B)。【文構造】companies (S) have gone (V) はすぐにわかる。 【着眼点】「破産する」にあたる英語に何度か触れていながら、goと結びつくのが (A) か (B) かに迷う人は意外に多い。goは「になる型」の不完全自動詞のときは、Ｃに名詞をとらないのが原則（Ｃを選ばせる問題では正解が形容詞であるケースが非常に多いことも参考にできる）。語源の知識がなくても、 (A) と (B) のどちらに形容詞的響きが強いか大体の予想はつくだろう。軍配は (B) に上がる。bankruptcyの-cyは抽象名詞を作る接尾辞。 6. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 _______ may emerge a new party capable of taking power from the present government. (A) They (B) Their (C) Theirs (D) There 訳：現政府から政権を奪える新しい政党が現れるかもしれない。 ※正解(D)。【文構造】capable以下は後ろからpartyを修飾している形容詞句で修飾要素（Ｍ）。「may emerge＝Ｖ」は明白だが、問題はpartyがＳかOかＣかということ。TheyやTheirsを選ぶと形はＳＶO（またはＣ）に見える。しかしemergeは完全自動詞なのでこの2つは無理。(B) のTheirs（所有格代名詞）がＶを従えるのはおかしい。したがって正解は (D) で、may emerge が V で party が S の there 構文となる。 【注意】there構文に生ずるＶは、appear, be, begin, come, emerge, exist, happen, lie, live, occur, stand などが一般的。 7. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 The police _______ the demonstration on the grounds that it might lead to violence. (A) have banned (B) has ban (C) banning (D) are ban 訳：警察は暴動に発展しかねないという理由でそのデモを禁止した。 ※正解(A)。【着眼点】主語のpoliceは警官（policeman, policewoman, police officer）の集合体を表す集合名詞。集合名詞は、[1]その集合体を一単位と考えて単数扱いする場合と、[2]逆に集合体の個々の成員のほうを強く意識するため、語形上は単数形でも複数で扱われる場合とがある。ただし、このpoliceに関してはふつう [2]の用法のみで用いられる。 【選択肢】ban（＝禁止する）は動詞。述語動詞として通るのは (A) のみ。 (2) TOEFL 1. 空所補充問題 James Monroe ----- the first U.S. president to tour the country while in office. (A) became (B) made (C) decided (D) strove ※正解(A)。【解説】 難しく考える必要はない。became the first U.S. president to... で「……した最初の合衆国大統領になった」の意味になる。strive「努力する」。 2. 空所補充問題 There is ----- debate these days about whether to put daylight saving time into effect all year round. (A) many (B) lots (C) much (D) a great deal ※正解(Ｃ)。【解説】 この場合のdebate「討論」は不可算名詞である。したがって、正解は(C)のmuchになる。 3. 空所補充問題 Negative comments can be helpful, as long as they embody ----- criticism, rather than gratuitous insults or complaints. (A) constructive (B) construction (C) constructing (D) constructed ※正解(A)。【解説】 embody「包含する」が動詞、criticismが目的語。ということは、空所には形容詞が入ることになる。正解は(A) constructive「建設的な」である。gratuitous「根拠のない」。 4. 空所補充問題 ----- Charles Lindbergh attempted his solo flight across the Atlantic, he brought with him five sandwiches and a quart of water. (A) If (B) Whereas (C) Because (D) When ※正解(D)。【解説】 If、Whereas、Becauseでは後ろの文と意味がつながらない。正解は(D) Whenである。 5. 空所補充問題 The Australian baobab tree is also called the bottle tree because ----- its distinctive bottle-shaped trunk. (A) for (B) to (C) of (D) as ※正解(Ｃ)。【解説】 because of ...で「……のために」の意味になる。したがって、正解は(C) ofである。baobab「バオバブ（熱帯アフリカ産の大木）」。 6. 正誤問題 (A)Had the potential applications for the electronic computer (B)been better understood, personal computers might (C)be available decades (D)earlier. ※正解(Ｃ)。【解説】 be → have been。問題文は仮定法過去完了If the potential applications had been... のHadを前に出して倒置した文である。したがって、might beではなく、might have beenとしなくてはならない。 7. 正誤問題 Historians generally agree (A)that New Zealander Richard William Pearse designed, (B)was building and flew (C)a powered monoplane several months (D)before the Wright brothers did. ※正解(B)。【解説】 was building → built。動詞designed, was building and flewに注目。was buildingだけ進行形になっているのはおかししい。他の２つに合わせて過去形builtにする。 8. 正誤問題 (A)The Roanoke, James and Potomac rivers, all in the state of Virginia, (B)have eroded gaps (C)in the portion of the Appalachian mountains (D)know as the Blue Ridge. ※正解(D)。【解説】 know → known。冠詞the、riversに呼応するhave、前置詞inの用法に問題はない。knowを過去分詞形knownにしなければ「……として知られている」の意味にならない。 9. 正誤問題 Nanotechnology could make (A)it possible to inject (B)microscopically machines into the bloodstream, (C)which would carry (D)out a variety of health maintenance functions. ※正解(B)。【解説】 microscopically → microscopic。itは不定詞to以下を指す代名詞。名詞machinesの前では副詞microscopicallyではなくmicroscopicを用いる。whichはmachinesを修飾する関係代名詞。carry out... で「……を実行する」の意味。Nanotechnology「ナノテクノロジー」。 10. 正誤問題 (A)They are an obvious and intuitive (B)fact (C)that children learn more effectively about topics they are interested (D)in. ※正解(A)。【解説】 They are → It is。【解説】an obvious factと単数形になっているので、文頭のThey areはIt isにしなければならない。 II.時事英文 Words and Their Stories: Belittle (その4全4回シリーズ) In eighteen forty-four, the Republican Sentinel of Virginia wrote this about the opposition party: "The Whigs may attempt to belittle our candidates … that is a favorite game of theirs." In eighteen seventy-two, a famous American word expert decided that the time had come to kill this word. He said, "Belittle has no chance of becoming English. And as more critical writers of America, like those of Britain, feel no need of it, the sooner it is forgotten, the better." This expert failed to kill the word. Today, belittle is used, not only in the United States and England, but in other countries where the English language is spoken. It seems that efforts to belittle the word did not stop people from using it. III - a. 雑知識
III -b. 英語でどう言う？ 裸足で歩く walk barefoot ※Yuka and Ken took off their shoes and walked barefoot on the sunday beach. 熱中症にかかる suffer (from) heatstroke ※It's very hot today. You may suffer (from) heatstroke if you spend too much time sunbathing on the roof. うちわであおぐ fan oneself ※As soon as the old man sat on the sofa in the cafe, he opened the folding fan and fanned himself briskly. 木陰で休む take a rest in the shade of a tree ※After my jog, I took a short rest in the shade of a tree. III-c. News Glossary Your Party みんなの党 Your Party leader Yoshimi Watanabe has said it would offer policy cooperation as long as the government or other parties can agree on and support the tiny party's policy. agenda. みんなの党の渡辺喜美代表は、同党のアジェンダに政府や他党が合意し、支持してくれれば、政策の連携もありうると述べた。 IV. Jokes a. A new restaurant near our office boasted exotic fare. And exotic it was. When our dessert arrived, my coworker looked at her chocolate dish and grimaced. "It smells like cocoa," she said. "It's chocolate - shouldn't it smell like cocoa?" I asked. More confused than I was, she answered, "Cocoa is the name of my dog." b. My 17-year-old niece asked me if she could use my name as a reference on the CV she planned to submit to a fast-food restaurant. I agreed. A few days later she called and told me to meet her at the restaurant later that afternoon. When I asked why, she replied, "The manager wants me to come in for an interview and she told me to bring my references." c. I'm not much of a gift wrapper, especially compared with the women who work at our shop. But I was the only one available the day a customer wanted a gift wrapped for his mother. "Sorry," I said, handing back a box covered with wrinkle, oddly taped paper. "It's wrapped, but it sure looks like a guy did it." "Great," he said happily. "Now my mum will think I did it myself." d. To get my unemployment cheques, I had to attend a workshop for job seekers. I decided to pass on the English-as-a-second-language seminar after the teacher explained it was for those of us who "do not feel their English is that good or would just like it to be more stronger." |