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資料No. ： NS100804
I-1 TOEIC, TOEFL練習問題 (1) TOEIC １. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 We are writing to _______ that the renewal date has been extended. (A) have reminded you (B) remind to you (C) remind you (D) reminding you 2. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 If I had been there I could have _______. (A) been help (B) helped (C) helping (D) helpful 3. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 _______ do you think about the new model? (A) Which (B) What (C) Who (D) Maybe 4. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 After checking the laundry, I found the colors _______ (A) had run (B) running (C) runner (D) run 5. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 They've all been _______ away already. (A) took (B) taken (C) taking (D) take 6. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 That's the store _______ I bought it. (A) that (B) where (C) which (D) there 7. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 His students _______ that his class was very boring. (A) continued (B) produced (C) complained (D) bothered (2) TOEFL 1. 空所補充問題 The condor is -----, birds in existence having a wingspan that can reach well over three meters. (A) one of the largest, most graceful (B) of the one most large and graceful (C) the largest, most graceful one of (D) the largest one of most graceful 2. 空所補充問題 The fact ---- stray cats often gouge and bite one another when fighting over territory makes them extremely vulnerable to infectious diseases and parasites. (A) that if (B) that (C) their (D) whose 3. 空所補充問題 ----- speaking, the combined weight of all ants alive at any given time worldwide is equal to the total weight of all living people. (A) About (B) In general (C) Roughly (D) In terms of 4. 空所補充問題 From the dawn of man to the present, migration ----- an essential characteristic of the peoples of the African continent. (A) have been (B) are being (C) has been (D) is being 5. 空所補充問題 A javelin thrower in the Roman Legions typically carried into battle one light javelin for a first assault from a distance, and a heavier weapon for subsequent -----. (A) use (B) using (C) to use (D) used 6. 正誤問題 (A)Toward the middle of the 18th century, the denunciation of slavery (B)by important French writers and philosophers (C)had become impossible for politicians in Paris (D)ignore . 7. 正誤問題 (A)Closed circuit television systems differ (B)by broadcasting (C)in that cameras are directly (D)wired to monitors. 8. 正誤問題 Addiction (A)to nicotine is (B)classifying as a disease by some specialists (C)because it (D)involves the permanent alterations in the biochemistry of the brain. 9. 正誤問題 (A)On (B)a particularly hot, dry day, the body may lose the equivalent of a large glass of water (C)through perspiration in the feet (D)lonely. 10. 正誤問題 (A)The earliest submarines had no (B)engines, (C)required them to be powered by (D)crews of sailors manning crankshaft apparatus. I-2 TOEIC, TOEFL 練習問題解答 (1) TOEIC １. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 We are writing to _______ that the renewal date has been extended. (A) have reminded you (B) remind to you (C) remind you (D) reminding you 訳：更新時期が延長されたことの確認のためのお手紙を差し上げています。 ※正解(Ｃ)。have reminded you は時制が不自然。"to" の後ろはこの文では原形でなければならず、reminding you は不可。remind「思い出させる」の語法が問題。 2. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 If I had been there I could have _______. (A) been help (B) helped (C) helping (D) helpful 訳：もし私がそこにいたら、手伝うことができたのに。 ※正解(Ｂ)。If I had been という if 節から、主節は過去の事実に反する仮定を表す仮定法過去完了の文になることに注目します。この用法はという形を取ります。正解は、(B) の過去分詞 helped です。 3. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 _______ do you think about the new model? (A) Which (B) What (C) Who (D) Maybe 訳：新しいモデルについてはどう思いますか？ ※正解(Ｂ)。What do you think about 〜？ で「〜をどう思いますか？」という決まり文句です。(A) の Which は一定の人・事物の「どれか」という選択を尋ねる場合、(C) の Who は「誰？」と尋ねる疑問詞で、この場合不適切です。 4. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 After checking the laundry, I found the colors _______ (A) had run (B) running (C) runner (D) run 訳：洗濯物を見てみると、色落ちしていることがわかった。 ※正解(Ａ)。この場合の run は「（色などが洗濯で）落ちる」という意味の自動詞です。(B) の running という現在分詞は、この場合は After checking 〜 という副詞節があるので不適切です。(D) の run を原形不定詞と考えると、find は原形不定詞を補語にはとりませんし、run は自動詞なので「〜させられた」という意味で過去分詞ととることもできません。正解は (A) で found の後に that 節 の that が省略された形です。 5. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 They've all been _______ away already. (A) took (B) taken (C) taking (D) take 訳：それらはもう持っていかれてしまいました。 ※正解(Ｂ)。They've (all) been に注目すると、 という完了時制であることがわかります。過去分詞 been の後に続く語は、(B) か (C) にしぼられます。take away は「〜を持ち去る」という他動詞句で目的語を伴うので、(C) は不可。受動態の完了時制となる (B) が正解になります。 6. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 That's the store _______ I bought it. (A) that (B) where (C) which (D) there 訳：私がそれを買ったのはその店です。 ※正解(Ｂ)。 That's the store. と I bought it there. の2文をつなぐ関係詞が入ります。the store を先行詞として接続詞と副詞の働きをする (B) の関係副詞 where が正解です。関係代名詞の (C) which を用いる場合、in which と前置詞が必要です。 7. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 His students _______ that his class was very boring. (A) continued (B) produced (C) complained (D) bothered 訳：生徒たちは彼の授業はとても退屈だと文句を言った。 ※正解(Ｃ)。選択する動詞の目的語となる that 節の「授業がとても退屈だ（boring）」をヒントに、適切な語を選択します。(A) は「続けた」、(B) は 「生み出した」、(D) は 「困らせた」という意味です。(C) のcomplained「不平を言った」が文意に合います。 (2) TOEFL 1. 空所補充問題 The condor is -----, birds in existence having a wingspan that can reach well over three meters. (A) one of the largest, most graceful (B) of the one most large and graceful (C) the largest, most graceful one of (D) the largest one of most graceful ※正解(A)。【解説】 空所を挟んでisとbirdsがある点に注意。また、最上級est、mostが使われているので、one of the... birdsになることが分かる。正解は(A)である。condor「コンドル」、wingspan「翼長」。 2. 空所補充問題 The fact ---- stray cats often gouge and bite one another when fighting over territory makes them extremely vulnerable to infectious diseases and parasites. (A) that if (B) that (C) their (D) whose ※正解(B)。【解説】 文頭のThe factに注目。The fact that... で「……という事実」の意味になるので、接続詞thatを使えばいい。gouge「ひっかいて傷つける」、be vulnerable to... 「……に弱い、受けやすい」。 3. 空所補充問題 ----- speaking, the combined weight of all ants alive at any given time worldwide is equal to the total weight of all living people. (A) About (B) In general (C) Roughly (D) In terms of ※正解(Ｃ)。【解説】 難しく考えることはない。文頭に ...speakingがある。Roughly speakingにすれば「大ざっぱに言えば（独立分詞構文）」の意味になる。 4. 空所補充問題 From the dawn of man to the present, migration ----- an essential characteristic of the peoples of the African continent. (A) have been (B) are being (C) has been (D) is being ※正解(Ｃ)。【解説】 From the dawn of man to the present「人間が誕生してから現在に至るまで」から判断して、現在完了を使えばいいことが分かるだろう。主語はmigration「移住」なので、正解は(C) has beenである。 5. 空所補充問題 A javelin thrower in the Roman Legions typically carried into battle one light javelin for a first assault from a distance, and a heavier weapon for subsequent -----. (A) use (B) using (C) to use (D) used ※正解(Ａ)。【解説】 subsequentは「その後の」という意味の形容詞。この後には当然名詞が来るはずである。したがって、正解は(A) useになる。javelin「軽い槍」、assault「攻撃」。 6. 正誤問題 (A)Toward the middle of the 18th century, the denunciation of slavery (B)by important French writers and philosophers (C)had become impossible for politicians in Paris (D)ignore . ※正解(D)。【解説】 ignore → to ignore。前置詞toward、by、過去完了had becomeの用法に誤りはない。ignoreは動詞である。この前に不定詞toがなければ文が成立しない。 7. 正誤問題 (A)Closed circuit television systems differ (B)by broadcasting (C)in that cameras are directly (D)wired to monitors. ※正解(B)。【解説】 by → from。動詞differに注目。differ from... で「……と異なる」の意味。前置詞byが間違っていたのである。in that... 「……という点で」。 8. 正誤問題 Addiction (A)to nicotine is (B)classifying as a disease by some specialists (C)because it (D)involves the permanent alterations in the biochemistry of the brain. ※正解(B)。【解説】 classifying → classified。Addiction to...「……に中毒」。be classified as... で「……として分類される」の意味になる。したがって、classifyingを過去分詞にしなければならない。接続詞because、動詞involves「含む」に問題はない。 9. 正誤問題 (A)On (B)a particularly hot, dry day, the body may lose the equivalent of a large glass of water (C)through perspiration in the feet (D)lonely. ※正解(D)。【解説】 lonely → alone。特定の日には前置詞onを用いる。glassは可算名詞。前置詞throughは「……で、……を通じて」の意味。lonelyではなくalone「だけで」にしなければ意味が通らない。 10. 正誤問題 (A)The earliest submarines had no (B)engines, (C)required them to be powered by (D)crews of sailors manning crankshaft apparatus. ※正解(Ｃ)。【解説】 required → requiring / which required。冠詞the、可算名詞enginesに問題はない。requiredのままでは、前にhadがあるので動詞がダブることになる。ここはrequiring（分詞構文）か関係代名詞を用いてwhich requiredにしなければ文が繋がらない。crewsに問題はない。 II.時事英文 A Change in Generals, but Not Afghan Policy(その6：全8回シリーズ) DAVID PETRAEUS: "As was the case in Iraq, the reality is that everything in Afghanistan is hard. It's hard all the time, and it typically gets harder before it gets easier." General McChrystal was one of the relatively few American officials to develop a good relationship with Afghan President Hamid Karzai. But he never did the same with the American ambassador, Karl Eikenberry, a former commander in Afghanistan. III - a. 雑知識
III -b. 英語でどう言う？ 外泊する stay out all night ※Father scolded my sister for staying out all night without calling. 門限を破る break the curfew ※When I was a teenager, I repeatedly broke the curfew my parents set. 外出禁止になる be grounded ※"Do your homework first! Otherwise, you are grounded for a week." 停学処分を受けるbe suspended from school ※Takeshi was suspended from school for three days for cheating. III-c News Glossary making expressways toll free 高速無料化 The government still talks about making all express highways "toll free in principle"> Toward that end, the pilot program of ending tolls on 37 routes will be advanced. ｢政府は依然としてすべての高速道路を "原則無料化" するとしており、その目的のために37路線で無料化の社会実験に取り組む｣ IV. Jokes a. In my role as a court stenographer, I was transcribing the case of a youth on a drug-rehabilitation order. He told the court with some pride how he was gradually overcoming his addiction. The judge offered appropriate words of encouragement. "Well done, my boy," he said. "Let's hope you end the year and a half." b. Overheard at my neighborhood gas station: "Your oil is OK, but your engine needs changing," she snapped. "That's what I was just sharing with you." c. During a church meeting on family, the instructor asked, "When we reach the end of our mortal existence, will we say, 'I wish I'd spent more time on the job?'" He persisted, "Has anyone ever wondered that?" "Yes," said one man. "Right after I got fired." d. The advertising poster for a local contractor declared: "Septic tanks pumped, swimming pool filled. Not same truck." e. When I was in military intelligence, an infantryman teased me about my job. "You lot don't have to take any kind of physical training test," he said. "That's nonsense. We take one twice a year." "Yeah?" he said. "Well, we take one every six months." f. Halfway through band rehearsal, we took a pizza break. I put down my drums and grabbed a slice. "You're so lucky," said Larry, our tuba player. "You can eat whatever you want." I was flattered - no one had complimented me like that in years. Then he continued: "You can eat whatever you want and it won't get stuck in your mouth-piece." g. My friend must not have been thinking straight. When I told him I'd gotten a job at a library, he was thrilled for me. "Wow, that's awesome," he raved. "Does that mean you get to check books out for free?" |