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資料No. ： NS100721
I-1 TOEIC, TOEFL練習問題 (1) TOEIC １. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 We should try very _______ to improve our relationship with our customers. (A) hardly (B) probably (C) hard (D) possible 2. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 There is a 3% _______ if you order more than 100. (A) reduce (B) discount (C) cheaper (D) inexpensive 3. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 The key to our future success _______ increased productivity. (A) depends (B) had to be (C) will be (D) is likely 4. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Not only her children but also her mother _______ in the park. (A) was (B) have been (C) being (D) were 5. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Are you sure we ought _______ this on the air later tonight? (A) to show (B) to be shown (C) have shown (D) show 6. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 He asked me to check all _______ major hotels while I was there. (A) a (B) an (C) the (D) some 7. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Show me that report when he _______ out of the room. (A) goes (B) will go (C) is gone (D) went (2) TOEFL 1. 空所補充問題 The English longbow was the primary bow used in Western archery for 6 centuries until engineers began to improve ----- its design in the 1930s. (A) up (B) above (C) over (D) on 2. 空所補充問題 Before plaster could be made rigid enough to hold broken bones in place for healing, wooden splints ----- commonly used. (A) have been (B) had being (C) were (D) been 3. 空所補充問題 Scholarships are usually awarded on the basis of ----- financial need and academic merit. (A) those (B) their (C) all (D) both 4. 空所補充問題 The term 'nuclear winter' refers to a state in which fallout from a nuclear war blocks out the rays of the sun, ----- weather patterns and halting photosynthesis. (A) to be disrupted (B) disrupting (C) disrupted (D) disrupts 5. 空所補充問題 A general acceptance of the Copernican model of the solar system was ----- immediate. (A) far from (B) under for (C) not of (D) at all 6. 正誤問題 The psychoactive drug caffeine is (A)commonly extracted in (B)its natural form from the fruit of the coffee plant, which is (C)picking ripe, dried, roasted, ground (D)to a powder and infused in near-boiling water. 7. 正誤問題 The chemical process (A)which fruit (B)turns brown after (C)being dropped or struck depends on (D)oxidation. 8. 正誤問題 In (A)a diesel engine, the heat (B)caused by compression of fuel and air (C)causes them to ignite (D)not with the presence of a spark. 9. 正誤問題 Velcro is an (A)adhesive technology (B)that is taking advantage of the collective resistance of (C)thousands of tiny nylon loops (D)and hooks. 10. 正誤問題 (A)Intellectual historians attempt the (B)reconstructing the (C)conceptual innovations and philosophical trends of (D)the past. I-2 TOEIC, TOEFL 練習問題解答 (1) TOEIC １. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 We should try very _______ to improve our relationship with our customers. (A) hardly (B) probably (C) hard (D) possible 訳：私たちは顧客との関係を向上させるために一所懸命に努めねばなりません。 ※正解（C）。probably「おそらく」は意味上、possible「可能な」は意味と構文上不可。hardly は否定の副詞で、「まず…ではない」の意味。 2. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 There is a 3% _______ if you order more than 100. (A) reduce (B) discount (C) cheaper (D) inexpensive 訳：100 個以上ご注文の場合には 3% の割引があります。 ※正解（B）。a があるところから「値引き、割引」の意味の名詞が入ることが分かるはずです。reduce は「削減する、低下させる」の意味の動詞。cheaper は形容詞 cheap（「安い」の意味で、inexpensive と同義）の比較級。 3. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 The key to our future success _______ increased productivity. (A) depends (B) had to be (C) will be (D) is likely 訳：当社の将来的な成功の鍵は生産性の向上です。 ※正解（C）。depends「…に拠る」を使う時は、Our future success depends on increased productivity. likely は「たぶん」の意味では、通常 very または most を伴います。「…しそうだ」の意味では、be likely to ... または be likely that ...です。 4. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Not only her children but also her mother _______ in the park. (A) was (B) have been (C) being (D) were 訳：彼女の子供たちだけでなく、彼女の母親もその公園にいた。 ※正解（A）。not only 〜 but also ... 「〜だけでなく…もまた」が主語の位置にある場合、動詞は ... に一致させます。したがって、ここでは her mother に呼応する、(A) の was が正解です。 5. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Are you sure we ought _______ this on the air later tonight? (A) to show (B) to be shown (C) have shown (D) show 訳：これを今晩遅くに放送するべきだと本当に思いますか？ ※正解（A）。ought は後ろにがくるので (C)、(D) は不適切です。(B) は受動態で、「〜されるべきだ」という意味。 6. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 He asked me to check all _______ major hotels while I was there. (A) a (B) an (C) the (D) some 訳：そこにいる間に、すべての一流ホテルを調べるように彼に頼まれた。 ※正解（C）。theで、その名詞の指すものすべてを表します。したがって、正解は (C) です。all は the の前にくるという語順に注意してください。 7. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Show me that report when he _______ out of the room. (A) goes (B) will go (C) is gone (D) went 訳：彼が部屋から出ていったら、そのレポートを見せてよ。 ※正解（A）。彼が「部屋から出ていく」のは未来のことですが、when を使った「時」を表す副詞節の中では、未来のことでも現在形で表します。したがって、正解は (A) になります。I don't know when he will come back.「彼がいつ帰るかわかりません」など、名詞節のときは未来形を使いますから、注意しましょう。 (2) TOEFL 1. 空所補充問題 The English longbow was the primary bow used in Western archery for 6 centuries until engineers began to improve ----- its design in the 1930s. (A) up (B) above (C) over (D) on ※正解（C）。【解説】 動詞improveに続く前置詞はonである。improve on ... で「……に改良を加える」の意味になる。longbow「大弓」。 2. 空所補充問題 Before plaster could be made rigid enough to hold broken bones in place for healing, wooden splints ----- commonly used. (A) have been (B) had being (C) were (D) been ※正解（C）。【解説】 Beforeからhealingまでが節になっている。したがって、wooden splintsがこの文の主語。空所には動詞が入ることになる。usedがあるので、受け身の文であることは明らか。have beenかwereのどちらかが正解。couldと過去形になっていることから、空所にはwereが入ることになる。 3. 空所補充問題 Scholarships are usually awarded on the basis of ----- financial need and academic merit. (A) those (B) their (C) all (D) both ※正解（D）。【解説】 thoseとtheirでは意味が通らない。空所の後にfinancial needとacademic meritの２つが並んでいることから、正解は(D)のbothになる。 4. 空所補充問題 The term 'nuclear winter' refers to a state in which fallout from a nuclear war blocks out the rays of the sun, ----- weather patterns and halting photosynthesis. (A) to be disrupted (B) disrupting (C) disrupted (D) disrupts ※正解（B）。【解説】 which以下の文の動詞はblocksである。ここは分詞構文disruptingを使えば、「(その結果) ……を混乱させる」の意味を表す。 5. 空所補充問題 A general acceptance of the Copernican model of the solar system was ----- immediate. (A) far from (B) under for (C) not of (D) at all ※正解（A）。【解説】 immediateは「すぐに」の意味を表す。空所にfar fromは入れれば「(すぐどころか)なかなか認められなかった」の意味になる。 6. 正誤問題 The psychoactive drug caffeine is (A)commonly extracted in (B)its natural form from the fruit of the coffee plant, which is (C)picking ripe, dried, roasted, ground (D)to a powder and infused in near-boiling water. ※正解(Ｃ)。【解説】 picking → picked。副詞commonly、caffeineを受けるitsに問題はない。picking ripe以降にはdried、roastedなど過去分詞が並んでいることからpickedとしなければ受け身の文が成立しないことが分かる。grind... to 〜「……をすり砕いて〜にする」。 7. 正誤問題 The chemical process (A)which fruit (B)turns brown after (C)being dropped or struck depends on (D)oxidation. ※正解(A)。【解説】 which → by which。関係代名詞whichだけでは前後の文が繋がらない。ここは前置詞byをつけてby whichにすれば意味が通る。turn brown「茶色くなる」、前置詞afterの後の動名詞beingに問題はない。oxidation「酸化作用」に冠詞は必要ない。 8. 正誤問題 In (A)a diesel engine, the heat (B)caused by compression of fuel and air (C)causes them to ignite (D)not with the presence of a spark. ※正解(D)。【解説】 not with → without。diesel engineは可算名詞である。caused byの前にはthat/which isが省略されている。causesはthe heatに呼応している。not withはwithoutを使う。 9. 正誤問題 Velcro is an (A)adhesive technology (B)that is taking advantage of the collective resistance of (C)thousands of tiny nylon loops (D)and hooks. ※正解(B)。【解説】 that is taking → that takes。Velcro「ベルクロ（マジックテープの商標名）」がどのように付着するのかについて述べているので、that is takingと進行形にする必要はない。that takesと現在形のままでいい。adhesive「粘着性の」、thousands of「多数の、数千の」、接続詞andに誤りはない。 10. 正誤問題 (A)Intellectual historians attempt the (B)reconstructing the (C)conceptual innovations and philosophical trends of (D)the past. ※正解(B)。【解説】 the reconstructing of → the reconstruction of。 intellectual「知的な」は形容詞。reconstructには名詞形reconstructionがあるのでここでは動名詞ではなくreconstructionを使う。conceptual「概念の」、the past「過去」。 II.時事英文 A Change in Generals, but Not Afghan Policy(その4：全8回シリーズ) President Obama announcing the replacement of General McChrystal with General David Petraeus The president says the change is not a change in policy. He says General Petraeus understands that strategy because he helped shape it. General Petraeus is known for his political as well as military skills. Experts credit him with a successful counterinsurgency strategy in Iraq in two thousand seven and two thousand eight. Counterinsurgency involves military action but also depends on civilian relationships to succeed. III - a. 雑知識
III -b. 英語でどう言う？ 足を組んで座る sit with one's legs crossed ※The actor was sitting on the sofa with his legs crossed during the interview. つま先で歩く walk on one's tiptoes ※The thief walked on his tiptoes down the hallway for fear of making noise. 足が棒になる walk one's legs off ※We strolled around the huge shopping mall all day long and walked our legs off. しゃがみ込む squat down ※I squatted down and took a picture of the cute little dog. III-c News Glossary child allowance 子ども手当 The Hatoyama administration has signaled it is considering whether it should stick to its public pledge to raise the child allowance - a major draw card in its election manifesto - to the full 26,000 yen a month starting next fiscal year. 「鳩山政権はマニフェストの目玉政策である子ども手当について、来年度から公約通りに月額2万6千円の満額に引き上げるかどうかを検討する動きを見せている」 IV. Jokes a. Our family took hours to set up camp on a recent outing. But the couple and three kids who pulled up next to us did it in mere minutes. "How did you manage that?" I asked the father. "I have a system," he said. "No-one goes to the bathroom until everything ois set up." b. My mother joined a new Weight Watchers group. At the first sesswion, the group leader explained the healthy-eating plans that everyone should follow, including drinking six to eight glasses of water a day. The following week, the leader asked how everyone was getting on. One woman looked rather glum. When the leader asked why, she replied, "Well, I've done my best to stick to the diet plan, but I've had real difficulty. Try as I might, I just can't drink 68 glasses of water a day. All I can manage is 46." c. It was late. I was tired. All the motels were full. So I called a hotel chain. "Is there any place with a vacancy along the highway I'm on?" "Not on that highway," the woman said, checking her map, "but I've got one just off it." "How far off?" I asked. "About an inch." d. Our family doesn't believe in horoscopes, but a conversation we overheard on a train journey almost converted us. A woman was reading from the newspaper to two male friends. "You should not go too far in one direction," she said to one. "You are playing with fire," she told the other. Just then the train conductor came along. "Where are you going to?" she asked the man. "Three stops down," they replied. "Well, I'm afraid you'll have to get off at the next stop," she said. "Someone has reported you smoking in the toilet." |