資料No. : NS100714
I-1 TOEIC, TOEFL練習問題 (1) TOEIC 1. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 These _______ distributed at next week's meeting. (A) were (B) have been (C) will (D) are being 2. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 I'm sorry we were so late. The train was _______. (A) been delayed (B) delay (C) delayed (D) delaying 3. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 You'd better hit the _______ if you want to pass that exam. (A) roof (B) bottle (C) books (D) road 4. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Come on, we've finished now. Let's call it a _______. (A) day (B) spade (C) completion (D) job 5. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 To _______ matters worse, we can't do anything till next week. (A) produce (B) make (C) do (D) infuriate 6. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 It was difficult at first but now I've got the _______ of it. (A) art (B) technique (C) way (D) hang 7. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 We'll have to get rid of him sooner or _______. (A) later (B) better (C) after (D) not (2) TOEFL 1. 空所補充問題 Some historians say that ----- been given more generous terms at the treaty of Versailles, some historians say World War II might have been avoided. (A) had Germany (B) did Germany (C) Germany had (D) Germany was 2. 空所補充問題 The publication of the pamphlet "Common Sense" by Thomas Payne contributed ----- popular support for the American Revolution. (A) for (B) to (C) on (D) at 3. 空所補充問題 The earliest ----- are thought to have interacted with Neanderthals through trade, war and possibly interbreeding. (A) when humans (B) humans who (C) as humans (D) humans 4. 空所補充問題 Given a limited supply of essential nutrients, the rate ----- a population of microorganisms increases will limit the duration of its growth. (A) which (B) with which (C) at which (D) of which 5. 正誤問題 Before (A)having tanned, or softened (B)and preserved, (C)leather is referred (D)to as rawhide. 6. 正誤問題 The pyramid on (A)the back of the U.S. dollar bill symbolizes strength and (B)permanence, and is left (C)unfinished to symbolize the ongoing struggle for (D)perfect. 7. 正誤問題 Rafts differ from barges (A)in that the former (B)is more primitive floating devices (C)without sealed hulls, (D)although both types of craft are flat and low to the water. 8. 正誤問題 The lack of (A)detailed information (B)on the private life of Shakespeare has led to (C)speculative that he may be a (D)legendary figure. 9. 正誤問題 As is (A)the cases with many artists, the genius (B)of French critic, composer and conductor Louis Hector Berlioz (C)was not understood (D)until decades after his death in 1869. 10. 正誤問題 The spherical layer of the (A)earth's surface comprising the (B)atmospheric, soil and oceans (C)is known (D)as the biosphere. I-2 TOEIC, TOEFL 練習問題解答 (1) TOEIC 1. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 These _______ distributed at next week's meeting. (A) were (B) have been (C) will (D) are being 訳:これは来週の会議で配布されます。 ※正解(D)。「来週の会議で」という未来の内容を表す副詞句がヒントです。(A) の過去形や (B) の現在完了では不適切です。また、(C) の未来を表す助動詞 will の後には distributed はきません。正解は (D) で、受動態の進行形で未来を表しています。 2. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 I'm sorry we were so late. The train was _______. (A) been delayed (B) delay (C) delayed (D) delaying 訳:遅れてすみません。電車が遅れたんです。 ※正解(C)。delay は「遅らせる」という意味の他動詞です。ここでは the train が主語なので受動態になります。(A) や (B) では直前の be 動詞の was につながりません。 3. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 You'd better hit the _______ if you want to pass that exam. (A) roof (B) bottle (C) books (D) road 訳:その試験に合格したいなら、猛勉強しなさい。 ※正解(C)。どの選択肢にも hit と結びついたイディオムがあるので、それぞれの意味を知らなければ迷うかもしれません。正解は(C) の hit the books で「(猛烈に)勉強する」です。Hit the roof は「かんしゃくを起こす;(物価などが)うなぎ登りに上がる」、hit the bottle は「大酒を飲む」、hit the road は「(車などで)出かける;旅に出る」という意味です。 4. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Come on, we've finished now. Let's call it a _______. (A) day (B) spade (C) completion (D) job 訳:さあ、やっと終わったぞ。今日はこれで切り上げよう。 ※正解(A)。call it a day は口語で「(その日の仕事などを)終わりにする、切り上げる」という意味です。(B) spade は農具の「すき」という意味で、call a spade a spade「そのものをずばりと言う」というイディオムがあります。(C) は complete「〜を完成する」の名詞形です。 5. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 To _______ matters worse, we can't do anything till next week. (A) produce (B) make (C) do (D) infuriate 訳:なお悪いことに、来週まで私たちには何もできないのです。 ※正解(B)。to make matters worse で「さらに悪いことには」という意味のイディオムです。to make things worse とも言います。(D) infuriate は「(人)を激怒させる」という意味の他動詞です。 6. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 It was difficult at first but now I've got the _______ of it. (A) art (B) technique (C) way (D) hang 訳:最初は難しかったのですが、今ではこつをのみ込みました。 ※正解(D)。get the hang of 〜 で「〜のこつをのみ込む;〜を理解する」という意味になります。ここでの hang は「扱い方、こつ」という意味です。 7. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 We'll have to get rid of him sooner or _______. (A) later (B) better (C) after (D) not 訳:遅かれ早かれ、彼と手を切らなければならなくなるだろう。 ※正解(A)。sooner or later で「遅かれ早かれ」という意味です。ただし、日本語の言い回しとは英語の語順は逆ですから、注意して覚えることが大切です。 (2) TOEFL 1. 空所補充問題 Some historians say that ----- been given more generous terms at the treaty of Versailles, some historians say World War II might have been avoided. (A) had Germany (B) did Germany (C) Germany had (D) Germany was ※正解(A)。【解説】 that以下の文は仮定法の過去完了である。しかし、選択肢にはifがない。(A) had Germanyはif Germany had been... のhadを倒置した文である。これが正解である。 2. 空所補充問題 The publication of the pamphlet "Common Sense" by Thomas Payne contributed ----- popular support for the American Revolution. (A) for (B) to (C) on (D) at ※正解(B)。【解説】 動詞contributeの後に来る前置詞は?toである。contribute to... で「……に貢献する」の意味になる。 3. 空所補充問題 The earliest ----- are thought to have interacted with Neanderthals through trade, war and possibly interbreeding. (A) when humans (B) humans who (C) as humans (D) humans ※正解(D)。【解説】 形容詞earliestの後には名詞が来るはずである。しかし、humans whoを入れると、この文全体の動詞がないことになる。正解はhumansである。 4. 空所補充問題 Given a limited supply of essential nutrients, the rate ----- a population of microorganisms increases will limit the duration of its growth. (A) which (B) with which (C) at which (D) of which ※正解(C)。【解説】 at the rate of... で「……の割合で」の意味を表すことから、(C)が正解となる。 5. 正誤問題 Before (A)having tanned, or softened (B)and preserved, (C)leather is referred (D)to as rawhide. ※正解(A)。【解説】 having → having been。この場合のtan「なめす」、soften「柔らかくする」は他動詞である。したがって、having beenと受け身にする必要がある。接続詞and、不可算名詞leatherに問題はない。be referred to as... で「……と呼ばれる」の意味。 6. 正誤問題 The pyramid on (A)the back of the U.S. dollar bill symbolizes strength and (B)permanence, and is left (C)unfinished to symbolize the ongoing struggle for (D)perfect. ※正解(D)。【解説】 perfect → perfection。冠詞the、名詞permanence「耐久性」、過去分詞unfinishedに誤りは見当たらない。前置詞forの後には名詞形perfectionを使わなければ文が成立しない。 7. 正誤問題 Rafts differ from barges (A)in that the former (B)is more primitive floating devices (C)without sealed hulls, (D)although both types of craft are flat and low to the water. ※正解(B)。【解説】 is → are。the formerは文頭の複数形Rafts「いかだ」のことを指しているので、be動詞はisではなくareになる。in that... は「……の点で」の意味。前置詞withoutと接続詞althoughに誤りはない。 8. 正誤問題 The lack of (A)detailed information (B)on the private life of Shakespeare has led to (C)speculative that he may be a (D)legendary figure. ※正解(C)。【解説】 speculative → speculation。detailedは「詳細な」という意味の形容詞。前置詞on「……について、関して」に問題はない。lead to speculationで「憶測を呼ぶ」の意味になる。したがって、形容詞speculativeが誤り。legendary「伝説上の」。 9. 正誤問題 As is (A)the cases with many artists, the genius (B)of French critic, composer and conductor Louis Hector Berlioz (C)was not understood (D)until decades after his death in 1869. ※正解(A)。【解説】 the cases → the case。As is the case with... で「……と同様に」の意味になる。複数形になっているthe caseが誤り。前置詞of、過去形was、前置詞untilに問題はない。 10. 正誤問題 The spherical layer of the (A)earth's surface comprising the (B)atmospheric, soil and oceans (C)is known (D)as the biosphere. ※正解(B)。【解説】 atmospheric → atmosphere。所有格earth'sに誤りはない。atmosphericは形容詞。ここは名詞atmosphereを使わなくてはいけない。be known as... 「……として知られている」。 II.時事英文 A Change in Generals, but Not Afghan Policy(その3:全8回シリーズ) The president said he had considerable regret in accepting the resignation of "one of our nation's finest soldiers." But he said his responsibilities as commander-in-chief led him to his decision. BARACK OBAMA: "The conduct represented in the recently published article does not meet the standard that should be set by a commanding general. It undermines the civilian control of the military that is at the core of our democratic system." III - a. 雑知識
III -b. 英語でどう言う? 頭金を支払う make a down payment ※We made a down payment of 10 million yen on our house. 一括で払う pay in one lump sum ※Because of my salary cut, I can't afford to pay for the car in one lump sum. 下取りに出す trade in ※I traded in my 10-year-old TV for the latest flat-screen model. 予算をオーバーする exceed one's budget ※This digital camera far exceeds my budget. III-c News Glossary hung Parliament 中ぶらりん議会 After one of the most passionately contested elections in decades, Britain faced the stalemate of a hung Parliament, with no party to command an outright majority. 「過去数十年でまれにみる熱狂的な選挙戦の末、英国総選挙ではどの政党も議会の過半数が取れず、英国は中ぶらりん議会の手詰まり状態に直面した」 IV. Jokes a. One night, we were having dinner at a nice restaurant. Everybody had ordered, received their meals and enjoyed every bite. When we were finished, the waitress came over with the bill, set it in front of my husband, then turned to me and asked, "How did you find your steak?" Before I could answer her, my five-year-old daughter, Kaitlyn, replied, "Oh! It was easy. She just moved her potato over, and there it was on the plate!" b. One evening, I took my pet rabbit outside for some fresh air. As Bubbles nibbled the grass on our front lawn, my next door neighbor's eight-year-old daughter, Jessica, came over to see the rabbit. "You're so lucky to have a pet," Jessica said wistfully. "My mum won't let us have any because she has four kids." c. I just assumed that my husband the history buff would be excited to go to another World War II vintage aircraft show at a nearby airport, but I was wrong. "Let's not," he said. "There won't be anything new there." d. Sitting in the waiting area at an eye clinic, I could catch some of the conversation in the examining room. An elderly lady was wheeled in for her appointment and I heard the doctor gently ask if she could read a card the nurse was holding up. The woman did not respond. "Can you see the letters on the card?" No response. "Can you see how many fingers the nurse is holding up?" No response. "CAN YOU SEE THE NURSE?" |