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資料No. ： NS100428
I-1 TOEIC, TOEFL練習問題 (1) TOEIC 1. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 You _______ to try that new Thai restaurant across from the bank. (A) should (B) always (C) ought (D) could 2. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Reducing manufacturing expenses is our number one _______. (A) priority (B) prediction (C) probability (D) promotion 3. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 We take great pride _______ the opening of our Singapore office. (A) to expand (B) to announce (C) in concluding (D) in announcing 4. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 The new president _______ increase R&D spending. (A) provides for (B) intends to (C) rejects the (D) supports an 5. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 _______ you have made the copies, please take them down to accounting. (A) While (B) After (C) During (D) Before 6. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 In this _______ case, the difficulty seems to lie with the shippers. (A) exactly (B) probably (C) also (D) particular 7. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 _______ you been able to install the software yet? (A) Had (B) Will (C) Were (D) Have (2) TOEFL 1. 空所補充問題 Sneezing, a physiological response to irritation of the tissues lining the inside of the nose, usually ----- with the release of chemicals such as histamines. (A) begins (B) beginning (C) to begin (D) begun 2. 空所補充問題 Some anthropologists say the development of the ability to throw stones was a uniquely significant leap in the evolutionary success of early man, ----- others believe there were many similar innovations of equal importance. (A) so (B) since (C) whereas (D) because 3. 空所補充問題 ----- to obtain more plentiful supplies of fossil fuels in the mid-1940s, the Second World War might have raged on for several more years. (A) The Axis powers had been able (B) Able the Axis powers had been (C) Had been the Axis powers able (D) Had the Axis powers been able 4. 空所補充問題 Before pigments could be chemically synthesized cheaply and in large quantities, artists painted with substances they found at hand, such as corroded lead, egg yolks and animal -----. (A) bloody (B) bleeding (C) blood (D) bloodily 5. 空所補充問題 ----- the body needs, as well as the medical knowledge of this necessity, ship's crews commonly suffered from scurvy. (A) Lacked citric acid (B) Citric acid it lacked (C) Citric acid lacking (D) Lacking the citric acid 6. 正誤問題 In (A)certain types of storms, lightning can (B)travel from cloud to cloud as often (C)than it (D)does from cloud to ground. 7. 正誤問題 (A)A number of unresolved disputes continue (B)to exist in the Asia-Pacific region, such as (C)for instance the division of the Korean peninsula, the Taiwan (D)issue, and the conflicting territorial claims in the South China Sea. 8. 正誤問題 (A)Impairment of the frontal lobes of the brain results (B)in loss of reason, caution, (C)inhibitions, sociability, talkativeness and (D)intelligent. 9. 正誤問題 Most types of rock (A)are formed by a mixture of minerals, (B)because limestone and marble are (C)examples of those (D)which are composed of a single mineral. 10. 正誤問題 The development of modern chemistry was the culmination of a (A)four-thousands-year process (B)that began with ancient musing (C)on the nature of matter and (D)the composition of the universe. I-2 TOEIC, TOEFL練習問題解答 (1) TOEIC 1. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 You _______ to try that new Thai restaurant across from the bank. (A) should (B) always (C) ought (D) could 訳：銀行の向かい側の新しいタイ料理レストランに行ってみるべきです。 ※正解(C)。文中、空所の後ろの to が最大のポイントです。should や could といった助動詞は後ろが動詞の原形のはずです。 副詞 always の場合も to は不要です。ought to ... でひとつの助動詞扱いで、「…すべきである」の意味。 2. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Reducing manufacturing expenses is our number one _______. (A) priority (B) prediction (C) probability (D) promotion 訳：製造コストの削減が我々の第一の優先課題です。 ※正解(A)。ボキャブラリーの問題。priority「優先、優先課題」。prediction「予測」。probability「可能性」。promotion「促進、昇格」。 3. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 We take great pride _______ the opening of our Singapore office. (A) to expand (B) to announce (C) in concluding (D) in announcing 訳：当社シンガポール支店の開店を発表することは大変な誇りです。 ※正解(D)。expand the opening of ...「開店を拡大する」では意味の上で不可。「発表する」の意味の announce が適切ですが、「誇りに思う」の take pride は通常 take pride in ... の形で用います。 4. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 The new president _______ increase R&D spending. (A) provides for (B) intends to (C) rejects the (D) supports an 訳：新しい社長は研究開発予算の増加を意図しています。 ※正解(B)。increase が「増加」の意味の名詞なのか、「増加させる」の意味の動詞なのかが問題。名詞であれば increase in R&D spending となるはず。前置詞 for や冠詞 the、an は名詞の前に置かれているはずです。 5. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 _______ you have made the copies, please take them down to accounting. (A) While (B) After (C) During (D) Before 訳：コピーを取り終わったら、会計に持っていってください。 ※正解(B)。While や During は「…の間」の意味ですから、意味上不適切です。After か Before かの選択では、時間の前後関係を考えてみれば、難しい問題ではないはずです。 6. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 In this _______ case, the difficulty seems to lie with the shippers. (A) exactly (B) probably (C) also (D) particular 訳：この特殊なケースでは、問題は輸出者側にあるように思えます。 ※正解(D)。lie with ... は「…に在る」。意味の上よりも、むしろ文法的に考えたほうが分かり易いでしょう。case という名詞を修飾するのは形容詞でなければなりません。 7. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 _______ you been able to install the software yet? (A) Had (B) Will (C) Were (D) Have 訳：もうソフトウェアのインストールは済みましたか。 ※正解(D)。software と install はすでに日本語と考えてもいいでしょう。yet があるところからも、この文の時制は明らかと言えるでしょう。Will であれば、be 動詞は原形 be でなければなりません。Were では be 動詞が二つになってしまいます。 (2) TOEFL 1. 空所補充問題 Sneezing, a physiological response to irritation of the tissues lining the inside of the nose, usually ----- with the release of chemicals such as histamines. (A) begins (B) beginning (C) to begin (D) begun ※正解(A)。【解説】 この文の主語はSneezingで、a physiological ... noseまでがそれを補足す る語句である。したがって、空所にはSneezingを受ける動詞beginsが入ることにな る。 2. 空所補充問題 Some anthropologists say the development of the ability to throw stones was a uniquely significant leap in the evolutionary success of early man, ----- others believe there were many similar innovations of equal importance. (A) so (B) since (C) whereas (D) because ※正解(C)。【解説】 Someとothersが使われていることに注意。文の流れは「... と言う人類学者 もいれば、〜だと信じている人類学者もいる」となるはずである。この流れに合うの はwhereas「その一方で」である。 3. 空所補充問題 ----- to obtain more plentiful supplies of fossil fuels in the mid-1940s, the Second World War might have raged on for several more years. (A) The Axis powers had been able (B) Able the Axis powers had been (C) Had been the Axis powers able (D) Had the Axis powers been able ※正解(D)。【解説】 後半にmight have raged ... があるということは、仮定法の過去完了の文であるはずだが。Had the Axis powers been able ... は、If the Axis had been able ... を倒置してIfを省略した文なので、これが正解となる。 4. 空所補充問題 Before pigments could be chemically synthesized cheaply and in large quantities, artists painted with substances they found at hand, such as corroded lead, egg yolks and animal -----. (A) bloody (B) bleeding (C) blood (D) bloodily ※正解(C)。【解説】 空所の前には、corroded lead「腐食した鉛」、egg yolks「卵の黄身」と名 詞句が使われている。したがって、選択肢の中から名詞を選べばいいことになる。正 解はbloodである。 5. 空所補充問題 ----- the body needs, as well as the medical knowledge of this necessity, ship's crews commonly suffered from scurvy. (A) Lacked citric acid (B) Citric acid it lacked (C) Citric acid lacking (D) Lacking the citric acid ※正解(D)。【解説】 カンマ(,)の後に文が来ていることから、空所には接続詞が入るのではない かと考えられる。しかし、選択肢には接続詞が使われていない。分詞構文Lacking the citric acidを空所に入れれば、Since they lacked the citric acidの意味を表 すので、これが正解となる。 6. 正誤問題 In (A)certain types of storms, lightning can (B)travel from cloud to cloud as often (C)than it (D)does from cloud to ground. ※正解(C)。【解説】 than → as。 certain「ある一定の」、travel「伝わる、進む」に問題はない。as oftenの後にthanが来るのはどう考えてもおかしい。ここはasとしなければ文が成立 しない。doesはtravelを受けている（代動詞）。 7. 正誤問題 (A)A number of unresolved disputes continue (B)to exist in the Asia-Pacific region, such as (C)for instance the division of the Korean peninsula, the Taiwan (D)issue, and the conflicting territorial claims in the South China Sea. ※正解(C)。【解説】 for instance → 取る。 A number of ... で「かなりの」という意味。continueの後に来る不定詞 toに問題はない。such as「例えば」の後に同じような意味を表すfor exampleを続け るのはおかしい。issue「問題」は名詞である。 8. 正誤問題 (A)Impairment of the frontal lobes of the brain results (B)in loss of reason, caution, (C)inhibitions, sociability, talkativeness and (D)intelligent. ※正解(D)。【解説】 intelligent → intelligence。 impairmentは「損傷」の意味。result in ... 「... の結果になる」、 inhibitions「抑制」の使い方には何ら問題はない。intelligentは前に並んでいる名 詞に合わせてintelligenceにしなくてはいけない。 9. 正誤問題 Most types of rock (A)are formed by a mixture of minerals, (B)because limestone and marble are (C)examples of those (D)which are composed of a single mineral. ※正解(B)。【解説】 because → but。 areはMostを受けている。意味を考えてここにbecauseを使うのはおかしい。butにすれば意味が通る。複数形examplesと関係代名詞whichの用法に誤りはない。 10. 正誤問題 The development of modern chemistry was the culmination of a (A)four-thousands-year process (B)that began with ancient musing (C)on the nature of matter and (D)the composition of the universe. ※正解(A)。【解説】 four-thousands-year → four-thousand-year。 頻繁に出題される問題である。ハイフンを使って語を繋ぎ形容詞的に用いる場合にはthousandsのsを取らなくてはいけない。 II.時事英文 Personal Toilet (その4；全5回シリーズ) Peepoople plans to sell the bags for two to three cents each. Anders Wilhelmson says people can get back ten times what they paid by using the resulting fertilizer to grow vegetable gardens. The United Nations says more than two and a half billion people around the world do not have good sanitation. Many have no choice but to use the outdoors. Poor sanitation leads to infectious diseases that kill more than one and a half million people a year, mostly young children. III - a. 雑知識
III -b. 英語でどう言う？ 雪が積もる snow piles up 【例文】More than 30 centimeters of snow piled up overnight. 雪を払い落す brush the snow off 【例文】Cathy brushed the snow off her coat with her hand. 雪かきをする shovel the snow 【例文】This morning, I shoveled the snow from the pavement in front of our house. 雪合戦をする have a snowball fight 【例文】Children had a snowball fight in the schoolyard. III-c Phrases in the News 不倫 infidelity ※Woods has repented his errors, saying on his website, "I am deeply aware of the disappointment and hurt that my infidelity has caused to so many people, most of all my wife and children." ※ウッズは過ちを悔い、自身のホームページで「私の不倫が多くの人々、特に私の妻と子供たちを落胆させ傷つけたことを深刻に受け止めている｣と述べた。 IV. Jokes a. When a woman applies for a job at a citrus grove, the foreman asks, "Do you have any experience picking lemons?" "Well," she answers, "I've been divorced three times.2 b. A very thrifty man was on his deathbed. His family gathered round to share his final moments. "Wife, where are you?" "I'm here, my darling," she replied. "Son, where are you?" he wheezed. "I'm here, too, Dad." "And daughter, where are you?" "I'm here Dad, right by your side." "OK," says the old man. "So if you're all here, why is the light on in the kitchn?" c. My wife loves sales. She'll buy anything that's marked down. Yesterday she came home with an escalator. d. When our beloved minister announced that he was retiring, I couldn't hide my disappointment. "I was planning on Fred burying me," I groaned to a friend. She replied, "Better hurry up." e. Because he was being cranky, I sent my five-year-old son, Karlin, to his room for a nap. Stomping up the stairs, he yelled down to his father and me: "I knew when I was small that you two were going to be trouble." f. It was a windy Sunday morning when I picked up my five-year-old granddaughter, Sami, to take her to church with me. Glancing in the rearview mirror, I said, "Oh, Sami, my hair is a real mess, and I have to speak in church today." "That's OK, Nana,2 Sami replied. "It was a real mess the last time you spoke, too." g. The technology of instant messaging has taken over my 11-year-old daughter's life. I was helping her prepare for a spelling test. "Celebration," I challenged. "C-E-L-E-B-R-A-S … no, wait" She paused. "Backspace the S." h. Rain had been falling in our area for most of the month. "Is it going to rain again today?" my six-year-old granddaughter, Abby7, asked her mother. "Yes, I think so,2 her mother replied. Looking up at the sky, Abby said, "When is it going to be empty?" |