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資料No. ： NS100421
I-1 TOEIC, TOEFL練習問題 (1) TOEIC 1. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 As you _______ imagine, we are very worried about the delay. (A) can (B) will (C) perhaps (D) ever 2. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 The contract was mailed the day _______ yesterday, so it should arrive soon. (A) after (B) beside (C) next (D) before 3. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 My daughter plans _______ a psychology course next semester. (A) to learn (B) to take (C) to apply (D) to study 4. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 If we _______ to the store last week, we wouldn't have missed the sale. (A) were to go (B) had gone (C) would go (D) have gone 5. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 The manager wanted the new secretary _______ the letters by 5:00. (A) will finish (B) finishing (C) could finish (D) to finish 6. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 We suggest that you get in touch _______ our Dallas office on that. (A) to (B) by (C) with (D) for 7. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 We are writing to _______ that the renewal date has been extended. (A) have reminded you (B) remind to you (C) remind you (D) reminding you (2) TOEFL 1. 空所補充問題 If a growing city depletes its own supply of groundwater, it must ----- for alternative sources while also finding ways to reduce water consumption. (A) searching (B) to be searched (C) to search (D) search 2. 空所補充問題 ----- was written beginning two centuries after the island was settled in the 9th century, and includes saga literature -- prose works ranging from fairly factual history writing to pure fiction. (A) It is the earliest Icelandic literature (B) Because earliest Icelandic literature (C) When earliest Icelandic literature (D) The earliest Icelandic literature 3. 空所補充問題 ----- has been associated since ancient times with the source of cosmic energy. (A) The sun (B) Suns (C) Sun (D) A sun 4. 空所補充問題 Many people who get the high-paying jobs they were looking for find that their schedules allow less ----- time than they expected. (A) of leisure (B) leisures (C) leisure (D) leisurely 5. 空所補充問題 If an erroneous name appears on a birth certificate, an explanatory affidavit from the parent must be presented ----- the correct name. (A) regard (B) regards (C) regarded (D) regarding 6. 正誤問題 (A)Contrary to popular belief, (B)cholesterol is a nutrient the body needs, and only (C)become harmful (D)in certain forms and excessive concentrations. 7. 正誤問題 Before the discovery (A)of microscopic organisms had important biological (B)functions, many people believed (C)that illness was caused by climatic conditions (D)such as temperature and air quality. 8. 正誤問題 The horn of the (A)narwhal, an aquatic mammal (B)with a long tapered horn, (C)having occasionally been offered (D)dishonestly as proof of the existence of the mythical unicorn. 9. 正誤問題 (A)Although it does not cause permanent eye damage, flash blindness is a (B)temporarily loss of sight that occurs (C)when the eye's light receptors are overwhelmed (D)with a sudden concentration of light. 10. 正誤問題 (A)A major portion of the water (B)supplies in an agricultural region usually (C)goes to (D)farming activity. I-2 TOEIC, TOEFL練習問題解答 (1) TOEIC 1. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 As you _______ imagine, we are very worried about the delay. (A) can (B) will (C) perhaps (D) ever 訳：お察しいただけるように、当方では遅れを大変に心配しています。 ※正解(A)。文法的に助動詞が入ることは間違いなさそうです。ただし文法的に何が可能かを考える前に、As ..., の部分を見たことがあるか聞いたことがあることが重要です。多くの例文に接していれば必ずと言っていいほど出てくるはずの表現のひとつです。 2. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 The contract was mailed the day _______ yesterday, so it should arrive soon. (A) after (B) beside (C) next (D) before 訳：契約書は一昨日郵送されましたので、直ぐに着くでしょう。 ※正解(D)。まずは文脈から the day ------- yesterday がひとつの時を表す表現であることを理解することが重要です。あとはひとつひとつの選択肢を入れてみて、意味をなすものを探しましょう。 3. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 My daughter plans _______ a psychology course next semester. (A) to learn (B) to take (C) to apply (D) to study 訳：娘は来学期、心理学の授業を取る予定でいます． ※正解(B)。コロケーションの問題。"a psychology course"「心理学の授業」となっているので、「取る」の意味の動詞が必要です。単に psychology であれば、「勉強する」の意の learn や study も可能です。 4. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 If we _______ to the store last week, we wouldn't have missed the sale. (A) were to go (B) had gone (C) would go (D) have gone 訳：もし先週にその店に行っていれば、セールを逃さなかったのに。 ※正解(B)。仮定法過去完了。wouldn't have missed は「あの時」のニュアンスを持っているので、If ... の節も「もしあの時」の意味を持たねばならず、過去完了の形になります 5. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 The manager wanted the new secretary _______ the letters by 5:00. (A) will finish (B) finishing (C) could finish (D) to finish 訳：支配人は新しい秘書に 5 時までに手紙を書き終えてほしかった。 ※正解(D)。want ＋人＋ to ... の形で、「人に…してほしい」の意味。want はふつう that 節を伴うことはないので(A)や(C)は誤り。特に(A)では時制も合っていません。want ＋目的語＋ ...ing の形は通例否定文で用います。 6. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 We suggest that you get in touch _______ our Dallas office on that. (A) to (B) by (C) with (D) for 訳：その件については、当社のダラス支店に連絡を取られることをお勧めします。 ※正解(C)。「…と連絡をとる」（＝ contact）の意味になる熟語を考えます。in touch の部分が「連絡を取り合って」の意味を作っています。他に keep in touch with ...「…と連絡を続ける」等も知っておくとよいでしょう。 7. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 We are writing to _______ that the renewal date has been extended. (A) have reminded you (B) remind to you (C) remind you (D) reminding you 訳：更新時期が延長されたことの確認のためのお手紙を差し上げています。 ※正解(C)。have reminded you は時制が不自然。"to" の後ろはこの文では原形でなければならず、reminding you は不可。remind「思い出させる」の語法が問題。 (2) TOEFL 1. 空所補充問題 If a growing city depletes its own supply of groundwater, it must ----- for alternative sources while also finding ways to reduce water consumption. (A) searching (B) to be searched (C) to search (D) search ※正解(D)。【解説】 助動詞mustがあることから、その後には動詞searchが来ることはすぐに分かるはずである。 2. 空所補充問題 ----- was written beginning two centuries after the island was settled in the 9th century, and includes saga literature -- prose works ranging from fairly factual history writing to pure fiction. (A) It is the earliest Icelandic literature (B) Because earliest Icelandic literature (C) When earliest Icelandic literature (D) The earliest Icelandic literature ※正解(D)。【解説】 空所の後にwasが来ていることに注目。また、andの後にも動詞includesがあ る。といことは空所にはこの文の主語に当たる語句が入るはずである。正解はThe earliest Icelandic literatureである。 3. 空所補充問題 ----- has been associated since ancient times with the source of cosmic energy. (A) The sun (B) Suns (C) Sun (D) A sun ※正解(A)。【解説】 基本的な問題である。太陽のことが話題になっている。「太陽」は、勿論、 The sunである。 4. 空所補充問題 Many people who get the high-paying jobs they were looking for find that their schedules allow less ----- time than they expected. (A) of leisure (B) leisures (C) leisure (D) leisurely ※正解(C)。【解説】 leisureとleisurelyで悩むところである。両者とも形容詞で、leisureは 「暇な」、leisurelyは「ゆっくりと、急がない」の意味。文意からしてleisureが正 解となる。 5. 空所補充問題 If an erroneous name appears on a birth certificate, an explanatory affidavit from the parent must be presented ----- the correct name. (A) regard (B) regards (C) regarded (D) regarding ※正解(D)。【解説】 空所の前にはmust be presentedと動詞がある。その後にregarded（過去 形、過去分詞形）を続けるわけにはいかない。regardには名詞として「心遣い、配 慮」という意味があるが、それを空所に入れたとしても意味が通らない。前置詞 regarding「... に関して」を使えばいいのである。 6. 正誤問題 (A)Contrary to popular belief, (B)cholesterol is a nutrient the body needs, and only (C)become harmful (D)in certain forms and excessive concentrations. ※正解(C)。【解説】 become → becomes。 Contrary to popular beliefで「一般に信じられていることとは反対に」の 意味。cholesterol「コレステロール」は不可算名詞である。becomeの主語は cholesterolである。したがって、becomeではなくbecomesにしなくてはならない。前 置詞inの用法に問題はない。 7. 正誤問題 Before the discovery (A)of microscopic organisms had important biological (B)functions, many people believed (C)that illness was caused by climatic conditions (D)such as temperature and air quality. ※正解(A)。【解説】 of → that / of the fact that the discoveryの後には、microscopic organisms had ... と文が続いている。ここは前置詞ofではなく、接続詞thatを使わなくてはいけない。of the fact that ... としても文が成立する。function「機能」は可算名詞。次の接続詞thatと such asの用法に問題はない。 8. 正誤問題 The horn of the (A)narwhal, an aquatic mammal (B)with a long tapered horn, (C)having occasionally been offered (D)dishonestly as proof of the existence of the mythical unicorn. ※正解(C)。【解説】 having → has narwahlとは「イッカク（一角）」のことである。このwithは「... を持 つ」という意味を表す。The hornからhornまでがこの文の主語に当たる部分である。 したがって、havingをhasにしなければ文が成り立たない。dishonestlyは副詞で「ご まかして、不正に」の意味。 9. 正誤問題 (A)Although it does not cause permanent eye damage, flash blindness is a (B)temporarily loss of sight that occurs (C)when the eye's light receptors are overwhelmed (D)with a sudden concentration of light. ※正解(B)。【解説】 temporarily → temporary。 出だしの接続詞Althoughの用法に問題はない。loss「損失」は名詞である。 したがって、副詞temporarily「一時的に」は形容詞temporaryにしなくてはいけな い。接続詞whenと前置詞withに誤りはない。 10. 正誤問題 (A)A major portion of the water (B)supplies in an agricultural region usually (C)goes to (D)farming activity. ※正解(B)。【解説】 supplies → supply。 portion「部分」は可算名詞なので文頭の冠詞Aに問題はない。この場合の supplyは「供給」の意味で不可算名詞なので、suppliesではなくsupplyとしなければ ならない。goesとfarming「農業の」に誤りはない。 II.時事英文 Personal Toilet (その3；全5回シリーズ) He is an architect and a professor at Sweden's Royal Institute of Technology. He became interested in the idea of sanitation after taking part in a research project on the social and political development of cities. One of the most common complaints he heard in developing countries was the lack of toilets. He worked with others to design the invention. He launched the project in two thousand five, and the next year started a company called Peepoople. The company is beginning production in Nairobi. It expects to start selling the bags in August in Kenya and Bangladesh. Full production could reach about half a million bags a day. III - a. 雑知識
III -b. 英語でどう言う？ (レストランの)席を予約する book a table 【例文】I'd like to book a table for four for tomorrow night. おすすめの料理を注文する order the chef's special 【例文】We ordered the chef's special that is quite popular among gourmets. (ウエーターが)皿を下げる take one's plate 【例文】"May I take your plate?" / "No, I'm still working on it." チップをはずむ give a generous tip 【例文】The waitress was so attentive that I gave her a generous tip. III-c Phrases in the News 円高 strong yen ※The banking sector ... has seen its shares on the TSE shed 25 percent of their value since peaking in June (factoring in) the strong yen, which has been trading around 89 yen to the dollar. ※1ドル89円程度の水準で円高が続いていることも一因となり、銀行株は東証で6月の最高値から25パーセント下落した。 IV. Jokes a. Three rough-looking bikers stomp into a truck shop where a grizzled old-timer is having breakfast. One of the bikers extinguishes his cigarette in the old guy's pancakes. The second spits a wad of chewing tobacco into his coffee. The third biker dumps the whole plate on the floor. Without a word of protest, the old guy pays his boll and leaves. "Not much of a man, was he?" says one of the bikers. "Not much of a driver either," says the waitress. "He just backed his truck over three motorcycles." b. A psychiatrist gets a frantic call. "You've got to help me, Doctor," a woman says. "My husband thinks he's a big opera star. He sings every night at the top of his lungs! Aida! Rigoletto! Traviata!" "Send him to me," the shrink says. "I'll see what I can do." A week later, the woman calls again. "Doc, I don't know how you did it! He's not singing nearly as much. Did you clear his delusion?" "No," says the psychiatrist. "I just gave him a smaller part." c. An elderly couple with memory problems are advised by their doctor to write notes to help them remember things. One evening, while watching TV, the wife asks her husband to get her a bowl of ice-cream. "Sure," he says. "Write it down," she suggests. "No," he says. "I can remember a simple thing like that." "I also want strawberries and whipped cream," she says. "Write it down." "I don't need to write it down," he insists, heading to the kitchen. Twenty minutes later, he returns bearing a plate of bacon and scrambled eggs. "I told you to write it down!" his wife says. "I wanted fried eggs!" d. Frank's wife devotes a lot of her time to nursing sick birds. One evening, he comes home to find an oil-soaked seagull in his favorite chair while a duck on the pecks listlessly at an aspirin. He strides into the kitchen, where his wife is comforting a shivering little wren. "I can't take it!" he yells. "You've got to get rid of these -" "Please, dear," "Not in front of the chilled wren." e. "You've got to help me," Farmer John told a council official. "Speeding drivers are killing my chickens." The next day, workers erected a sign near the farm: "Slow - School Crossing." Three days later, John again. "The sign's not helping. People ignore it." So the official sent out workers with a new sign: "Slow - Children at Play." Three days later, Farmer John picked up the phone again. "That didn't work either. Can I make my own sign?" The official agreed Three weeks later, he called John back. "How's the new sign working for you?" he asked. "Great!" the farmer replied. "Not one chicken has been killed since I put it up." "Really? What does the sign say?" "Nudist Colony - Go Slow and Watch for Chickens." |